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Table of Contents
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 29, 2022
Registration
No. 333-
264418
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
Post-Effective Amendment No. 1
to
FORM
F-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
The Securities Act of 1933
 
 
Swvl Holdings Corp
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
 
 
 
British Virgin Islands
 
7372
 
98-1614508
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
The Offices 4, One Central
Dubai World Trade Center
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
+971 422411293
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
 
 
Cogency Global Inc.
122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor
New York, NY 10168
(212)
947-7200
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
 
 
Copies to:
Nicholas A. Dorsey
Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
Worldwide Plaza
825 Eighth Avenue
New York, NY 10019
(212) 474-1000
 
 
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended, the “Securities Act”), check the following box.  ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging growth company  
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  
 
The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
 
 
The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
 
 
 

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EXPLANATORY NOTE
This Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 relates to the Registration Statement on Form
F-1
(File
No. 333-264418)
of Swvl Holdings Corp (the “Registrant”) originally declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on July 8, 2022 (the “Initial Registration Statement”).
The Registrant is filing this Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 pursuant to the undertakings in the Initial Registration Statement to update and supplement the information contained in the Initial Registration Statement to, among other things, include the Registrant’s consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto as of and for the six month period ended June 30, 2022 and for the six month period ended June 30, 2021.
The Initial Registration Statement, as amended by this Post-Effective Amendment No. 1, relates solely to the registration of 98,573,233 Class A Ordinary Shares. All applicable registration fees were paid in connection with the initial filing of the Initial Registration Statement.

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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities and are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where such offer or sale is not permitted.
 
Subject to Completion, dated August 29, 2022
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
Swvl Holdings Corp
98,573,233 CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES
 
 
This prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time by B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC (the “Selling Securityholder” or “B. Riley”) of up to 98,573,233 Class A Ordinary Shares, which includes (i) 98,553,233 Class A Ordinary Shares that remain able to be sold to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (as defined below) and (ii) 20,000 Commitment Shares (as defined below) that were issued to the Selling Securityholder but remain unsold as of the effective date of the post-effective amendment to the registration statement that includes this prospectus. The shares included in this prospectus consist of the Class A Ordinary Shares that we have issued or that we may, in our discretion, elect to issue and sell to the Selling Securityholder, from time to time after the date of this prospectus, pursuant to an ordinary shares purchase agreement we entered into with the Selling Securityholder on March 22, 2022 (as amended from time to time, the “Purchase Agreement”), in which the Selling Securityholder has committed to purchase from us, at our direction, up to $471,742,855 of our Class A Ordinary Shares, subject to terms and conditions specified in the Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, on April 6, 2022, we issued 386,971 Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase our Class A Ordinary Shares at our election in our sole discretion, from time to time after the date of this prospectus, upon the terms and subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. We initially registered 102,939,766 Class A Ordinary Shares under the initial registration statement to which the post-effective amendment that includes this prospectus updates (the “Initial Registration Statement”) and 4,366,533 of such Class A Ordinary Shares have already been sold to the Selling Securityholder and resold by the Selling Securityholder. See the section titled “Committed Equity Financing” for a description of the Purchase Agreement and the section titled “Selling Securityholder” for additional information regarding the Selling Securityholder.
The Selling Securityholder may sell or otherwise dispose of the Class A Ordinary Shares included in this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. See the section titled “Plan of Distribution” for more information about how the Selling Securityholder may sell or otherwise dispose of the Class A Ordinary Shares being offered in this prospectus. The Selling Securityholder is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the securities by the Selling Securityholder. However, as of the date of this prospectus, we have received $9,249,619 in aggregate gross proceeds from sales of Class A Ordinary Shares that we previously elected to make to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement and we may receive up to an additional $462,493,236 in aggregate gross proceeds from sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder that we may, in our discretion, elect to make, from time to time after the date of this prospectus, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.
Our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”), under the trading symbols “SWVL”. On August 22, 2022, the closing price for our Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq was $1.56.
The Class A Ordinary Shares being offered for resale in this prospectus (the “Resale Securities”) represent a substantial percentage of the total outstanding shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares as of the date of this prospectus. Assuming the issuance of all of the Resale Securities to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement, the Resale Securities would represent approximately 43% of the then-outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares (assuming the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon the achievement of certain stock price thresholds pursuant to the Business Combination are not outstanding, or 42% assuming they are outstanding). The sale of all of the Resale Securities, or the perception that these sales could occur, could result in a significant decline in the public trading price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. In addition to the Selling Securityholder, certain other shareholders, including the PIPE Investors, the Sponsor, former holders of the Swvl Exchangeable Notes, Legacy Swvl equityholders and the Institutional Investor (each such party as defined below and such parties collectively, the “Additional Sellers”) may sell a substantial number of our securities pursuant to separate resale prospectuses (the “Additional Prospectuses”). For a description of the Institutional PIPE Investment, please refer to the “Recent Developments” and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” sections of this prospectus. The sale of the Resale Securities together with the sale of the securities held by the Additional Sellers, or the perception that these sales could occur, could depress the market price of our securities.
We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. You should read this entire prospectus and any amendments or supplements carefully before you make your investment decision.
We are an “emerging growth company” and a “foreign private issuer”, each as defined under the U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company disclosure and reporting requirements. See “Prospectus Summary—Emerging Growth Company” and “Prospectus Summary—Foreign Private Issuer”, respectively.
 
 
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “
” beginning on page 10 of this prospectus before you make an investment in the securities.
 
 
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state or foreign securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Prospectus dated             , 2022

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F-1
 
Except as otherwise set forth in this prospectus, we have not taken any action to permit a public offering of these securities outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of these securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
 
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TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADE NAMES
This prospectus includes certain trademarks, service marks and trade names, such as “Swvl”, which are registered under applicable intellectual property laws and are Swvl’s property or for which Swvl has pending applications or common law rights. Solely for convenience, trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are listed without any
®
,
or other symbols, but Swvl intends to assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, its right or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks and trade names. This prospectus contains additional trademarks, service marks and trade names of others, which are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners. The use or display of other companies’ trademarks, service marks or trade names should not be interpreted to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.
CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE RATES
In this prospectus, unless otherwise specified, all monetary amounts are in U.S. dollars and all references to “$” mean U.S. dollars. Certain monetary amounts described herein have been expressed in U.S. dollars for convenience only and, when expressed in U.S. dollars in the future, such amounts may be different from those set forth herein due to intervening exchange rate fluctuations.
INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA
Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus concerning Swvl’s industry, including Swvl’s general expectations and market position, market opportunity and market share, is based on information obtained from various independent publicly available sources and reports, as well as management estimates. Swvl has not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of any third-party information. While Swvl believes that the market data, industry forecasts and similar information included in this prospectus are generally reliable, such information is inherently imprecise. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from third parties are subject to the same qualifications and uncertainties as the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus. In addition, assumptions and estimates of Swvl’s future performance and growth objectives and the future performance of its industry and the markets in which it operates are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those discussed under the headings “Risk Factors”, “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in this prospectus.
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form
F-1
filed with the SEC by Swvl Holdings Corp. The Selling Securityholder named in this prospectus may, from time to time, sell the securities described in this prospectus in one or more transactions. This prospectus includes important information about us, the securities being offered by the Selling Securityholder and other information you should know before investing. Any prospectus supplement may also add, update, or change information in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information contained in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information contained in that particular prospectus supplement. This prospectus does not contain all of the information provided in the registration statement that we filed with the SEC. You should read this prospectus together with the additional information about us described in the section below entitled “Where You Can Find Additional Information.” You should rely only on information contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. We have not, and the Selling Securityholder have not, authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of the prospectus. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any other date.
 
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Discrepancies in any table between totals and sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding. Certain amounts and percentages have been rounded; consequently, certain figures may add up to be more or less than the total amount and certain percentages may add up to be more or less than 100% due to rounding.
Throughout this prospectus, unless otherwise designated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “we”, “us”, “our”, “Holdings”, “Swvl”, “the Company” and “our company” refer to Swvl Holdings Corp and its subsidiaries; provided, however, that when used with reference to the period prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, the terms “Swvl” or “Legacy Swvl” refer to Swvl Inc. and its subsidiaries.
PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION
SPAC
The historical financial statements of Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital (“SPAC”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, and the period from December 9, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 and for the year ended December 31, 2021, were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and are denominated in U.S. dollars.
Swvl
The historical financial statements of Swvl as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 and as of and for the six month period ended June 30, 2022 and for the six month period ended June 30, 2021 were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and are denominated in U.S. dollars.
NON-IFRS FINANCIAL
MEASURES
Swvl reports certain financial information
using non-IFRS financial
measures, including Adjusted EBITDA and Contribution Margin. Swvl believes that these measures provide information that is useful to investors in understanding the performance of Swvl and facilitate a comparison of Swvl’s interim and full-year results from period to period.
These non-IFRS financial
measures do not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and may not be comparable with similar measures used by other companies. For
certain non-IFRS financial
measures, there are no directly comparable amounts under IFRS. The presentation of
the non-IFRS financial
measures included herein is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for Swvl’s audited consolidated financial results or condensed interim consolidated financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS. For more information on
the non-IFRS financial
measures used in this prospectus, please see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Key Business and
Non-IFRS
Financial Measures”.
CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to:
 
   
“Articles” are to the Second Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company;
 
   
“B2B” are to “business to business”;
 
   
“B2C” are to “business to consumer”;
 
   
“Board” are to the board of directors of the Company;
 
   
“bookings” are to seats that have been reserved by riders on a ride;
 
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“Business Combination Agreement” are to that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2021, by and among Swvl, SPAC, the Company, Cayman Merger Sub and BVI Merger Sub, as amended;
 
   
“Business Combination” are to the transactions effected by the Business Combination Agreement;
 
   
“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;
 
   
“BVI Companies Act” are to the BVI Business Companies Act (as amended);
 
   
“BVI Merger Sub” are to Pivotal Merger Sub Company II Limited, a British Virgin Islands business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands;
 
   
“captains” are to drivers using Swvl’s platform;
 
   
“Cayman Merger Sub” are to Pivotal Merger Sub Company I, a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability;
 
   
“Earnout RSUs” are to restricted stock units in respect of Earnout RSU Shares;
 
   
“Earnout RSU Shares” are to Class A Ordinary Shares that will be issued in settlement of Earnout RSUs upon the achievement of certain price targets or occurrence of a “change of control” event, as more fully described in the section titled “Class A Ordinary Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Earnout”;
 
   
“Earnout Shares” are to the up to 15,000,000 additional Class A Ordinary Shares (inclusive of Earnout RSU Shares) issuable pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement upon the achievement of certain price targets or the occurrence of a “change of control” event, as more fully described in the section titled “Class A Ordinary Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Earnout”;
 
   
“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
 
   
“FINRA” are to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority;
 
   
“Lock-Up
Agreement” are to the
Lock-Up
Agreement entered into concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Business Combination Agreement by and among the Company, certain shareholders of SPAC and certain shareholders of Legacy Swvl effective as of the Closing;
 
   
“Private Placement Warrants” are to the warrants the SPAC originally issued to the Sponsor in a private placement prior to the Business Combination and which, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement and the Warrant Agreement, were subsequently assumed by Swvl, and converted into warrants of Swvl, upon consummation of the Business Combination;
 
   
“Public Warrants” are to the warrants the SPAC issued in connection with its initial public offering and which, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement and the Warrant Agreement, were subsequently assumed by Swvl, and converted into warrants of Swvl, upon consummation of the Business Combination;
 
   
“riders” are to persons filling seats on rides;
 
   
“Sarbanes-Oxley Act” are to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;
 
   
“seats” are to physical spaces on rides that can be booked by riders;
 
   
“Service Provider” are to any employee, officer, director, individual independent contractor or individual consultant of Swvl;
 
   
“SPAC” are to Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital, a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability;
 
   
“Sponsor” are to Queen’s Gambit Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company;
 
   
“Warrants” are to the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants; and
 
   
“Warrant Agreement” are to the Warrant Agreement, dated January 19, 2021, between SPAC and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, as amended.
 
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the statements contained in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts, and generally relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, the benefits of the Business Combination, the Company’s capital resources, results of operation, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth and strategies, future market conditions, economic performance and developments in the capital and credit markets. In some cases, you can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of terminology such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words or phrases, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.
The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus reflect our current views about future events and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and changes in circumstances that may cause its actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statement. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:
 
   
the ability to obtain or maintain the listing of our securities on Nasdaq;
 
   
the risk that the consummation of the transactions disrupts current plans and operations of Swvl;
 
   
the parties’ ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination, which may be affected by, among other things, competition and the ability of Swvl to grow and manage growth profitably;
 
   
Swvl’s incurrence of substantial transaction costs related to the Business Combination;
 
   
Swvl’s success in attracting and retaining riders and qualified drivers or changes in its officers, key employees or directors following the Business Combination;
 
   
the risk of reputational challenges based on the behavior of drivers using Swvl’s platform or performance of its operations, including safety, reliability and quality of its services;
 
   
changes in applicable laws or regulations;
 
   
the possibility that
COVID-19
may adversely affect the results of operations, financial position, and cash flows of Swvl;
 
   
technological changes, particularly across the SaaS/TaaS vertical;
 
   
the inability of our management team to properly manage a public company, which may result in difficulty adequately operating and growing its business;
 
   
data security or privacy breaches, as well as defects, errors, outages or vulnerabilities in Swvl’s technology and that of third-party providers; and
 
   
the possibility that Swvl may be adversely affected by other economic, business, legal or competitive factors.
While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, we disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, data or methods, future events or other changes after the date of this prospectus, except as required by applicable law. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could cause our future results, performance or transactions to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statement, please see the section entitled “Risk Factors.” You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which are based only on information currently available to us.
 
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights certain information about us, this offering and selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding whether to invest in the securities covered by this prospectus. You should read the following summary together with the more detailed information in this prospectus, any related prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, including the information set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus, any related prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus in their entirety before making an investment decision.
Overview
We are a technology-driven disruptive mobility company that aims to provide reliable, safe, cost-effective and environmentally responsible mass transit solutions. Our mission is to identify and solve inefficiencies associated with
low-quality
or sometimes
non-existent
public transportation infrastructure in urban areas that are in critical need of such services. Our technology and services provide commuters, travelers and businesses with a valuable alternative to traditional public transportation, taxi companies or other ridesharing companies. Through our Swvl platform, we provide thousands of riders per day with a dynamically-routed self-optimizing network of minibuses and other vehicles, helping people get where they need to go.
Our first-developed product is the business to consumer (“B2C”) Swvl Retail offering, which provides riders with a network of minibuses and other vehicles running on fixed or semi-fixed routes within cities. Commuters use our Swvl mobile application to book rides between
pre-defined
pick-up
points located throughout the city. Our service is powered by a suite of proprietary technologies that regularly optimize routing, predict rider demand, set pricing and provide a seamless user experience for customers and drivers. We believe that our platform offers a transportation alternative that is more efficient, reliable and safe than traditional public transportation options, at an accessible price point. This has allowed us to grow our business rapidly. As of June 30, 2022, more than 2.8 million users have booked more than 112.5 million rides on Swvl.
With our Swvl Travel offering, riders can book rides on long-distance intercity routes on either vehicles available exclusively through the Swvl platform or through third-party services marketed through Swvl.
Leveraging the technology that we use for our Retail and Travel offerings, we also offer “transport as a service” (“TaaS”) enterprise products (marketed as Swvl Business) for businesses, schools, municipal transit agencies and other customers that operate their own transportation programs. These products include, among other things, access to our Swvl Business platform, use of our proprietary technologies, consulting and reporting services and use of the vehicles and drivers on our network to operate such transportation programs. We package our TaaS products to meet the specific needs of each customer. As of June 30, 2022, more than 370 companies across diverse industries, including technology, finance, food and beverage, consulting and healthcare, use our TaaS products. During 2022, we have expanded our Swvl Business offerings by introducing “software as a service” (“SaaS”) products, which allow customers with their own vehicle fleets to utilize the benefits of our platform and technologies. We plan to continue our SaaS expansion efforts throughout the third and fourth quarters of 2022.
Our business was founded on February 8, 2017 by Mostafa Kandil, our Chief Executive Officer, Mahmoud Nouh and Ahmed Sabbah. We launched our first commuter services in Cairo, Egypt in March 2017, before expanding to Alexandria, Egypt the same year. As of June 30, 2022, we have expanded our operations to over 135 cities across over 20 countries. In January 2019, we commenced operations in Nairobi, Kenya. Namely, in the second half of 2019, we commenced operations in major cities in Pakistan, including Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi, and relocated our headquarters from Cairo, Egypt to Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In 2020 and 2021,
 
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we also launched TaaS offerings in the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates. In 2022, our acquisitions of controlling interests in Shotl and Viapool and acquisitions of Volt Lines, door2door and Urbvan have enabled us to expand our global footprint and offer TaaS and/or SaaS products in Switzerland, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Japan and Kuwait.
Recent Developments
Institutional PIPE Financing
On August 10, 2022, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with an institutional investor (the “Institutional Investor”) pursuant to which we sold 12,121,214 Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company at a purchase price of $1.65 per Class A Ordinary Share, which purchase price included series A and series B warrants of the Company immediately exercisable upon issuance for one Class A Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $1.65 (such transactions, the “Institutional Investor Private Placement”). The series A warrants provide the right to purchase up to 12,121,214 Class A Ordinary Shares for a period of five years (the “Series A Warrants”). The series B warrants provide the right to purchase up to 6,060,607 Class A Ordinary Shares for a period of two years (the “Series B Warrants”, and together with the Series A Warrants, the “Institutional Investor Warrants”). A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners acted as the sole placement agent for the Private Placement and received customary compensation for its services, including the issuance thereto of 121,212 Class A Ordinary Shares.
Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase agreement with the Institutional Investor, Swvl agreed to, among other things, refrain from (i) issuing, entering into any agreement to issue or announcing the issuance or proposed issuance of certain of its securities (including Class A Ordinary Shares pursuant to the B. Riley Facility) for a period commencing August 10, 2022 until the date that is 60 calendar days after the date that the SEC declares effective the registration statement registering the resale of the Class A Ordinary Shares and Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Institutional Investor Warrants (or, in the event of a “review” by the SEC of the Registration Statement, 30 days after the date that the SEC declares the registration statement registering the resale of the Institutional Investor securities effective) (such period, the “Restricted Period”) and (ii) entering into variable rate transactions (as defined in the securities purchase agreement with the Institutional Investor), subject to certain exceptions, for a period of 12 months after the SEC declares the registration statement registering the resale of the Institutional Investor securities effective.
Swvl previously disclosed that it expected to utilize approximately $50,000,000 of the B. Riley Facility in the third calendar quarter of 2022, assuming that the requisite conditions to its use were satisfied during such period. Swvl had also disclosed that its actual use of the facility could be higher or lower depending on a number of factors, such as working capital needs, acquisitions, cost of capital and liquidity in its common stock. In light of the approximately $20,000,000 in gross proceeds from the Institutional Investor Private Placement, Swvl has adjusted its previously disclosed estimate of $50,000,000 downwards on a
dollar-for-dollar-basis
to $30,000,000. As of August 10, 2022, Swvl had raised approximately $9.2 million of proceeds from the B. Riley Facility. As a result of the covenant not to utilize the B. Riley Facility during the Restricted Period, Swvl currently believes that some or all of the remaining approximately $20.8 million estimated use of such facility will now occur in the fourth calendar quarter of 2022.
In connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Institutional Investor Registration Rights Agreement”) pursuant to which Swvl agreed to, among other things, (i) file the Institutional Investor Registration Statement no later than August 30, 2022 and (ii) use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Institutional Investor Registration Statement to become effective as promptly as practicable thereafter, and, in any event no later than 90 days after the closing of the Institutional Investor Private Placement.
 
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In connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement, certain of the directors of Swvl, pursuant to
lock-up
agreements similar in form to the
lock-up
agreements to which certain of Swvl’s officers and directors are currently subject (the “Institutional Investor
Lock-Up
Agreements”), agreed not to sell or transfer any of Swvl’s Class A Ordinary Shares which they currently hold, subject to certain exceptions, during the Restricted Period.
Termination of Definitive Agreement to Acquire Zeelo
On July 29, 2022, Swvl and Zeelo LTD. (“Zeelo”) agreed to terminate their previously-announced transaction whereby Swvl would acquire Zeelo. The acquisition transaction was announced on April 28, 2022 and was expected to close in the second quarter of 2022. All
pre-completion
obligations were met, but following financial market volatility, Swvl and Zeelo mutually agreed to terminate the planned transaction.
Swvl Global FZE, a subsidiary of Swvl, previously funded a $5,000,000 convertible promissory note to Zeelo. In connection with the termination of the acquisition transaction, Swvl Global FZE and Zeelo mutually agreed to terminate the convertible promissory note and Swvl Global FZE forgave the $5,000,000 balance thereunder.
Acquisition of Urbvan
On July 11, 2022, Swvl acquired Urbvan Mobility Ltd (“Urbvan”), a shared mobility platform that provides tech-enabled transportation services to Latin America’s second largest country by population. The transaction was announced and closed on July 11, 2022. We believe acquiring Urbvan provides a strong foothold for growth in Mexico and the broader Latin American market and contributes to the key objectives of our recently announced portfolio optimization plan, including focusing on high profitability TaaS and SaaS segments and extracting more value from our proprietary technology stack. This transaction involved Swvl issuing warrants as part of the transaction consideration, which will dilute current shareholders. See the section titled “
Risk Factors—Risks Related to Operational Factors Affecting Swvl—Swvl’s acquisitions of controlling interests in Shotl and Viapool and acquisitions of Volt Lines, door2door and Urbvan may not be beneficial to Swvl as a result of the cost of integrating geographically disparate operations and the diversion of management’s attention from Swvl’s existing business, among other things, and those transactions involve the issuance of equity securities, which dilutes the interests of our existing shareholders. In addition, Swvl may not consummate all acquisitions that it announces
.”
Extension of Certain
Lock-Up
Agreements
Certain shareholders and directors and/or officers of Swvl, including its principal shareholders (including Sponsor) and key executives (collectively, the
“Lock-Up
Holders”) are subject to
lock-up
restrictions pursuant to certain
lock-up
agreements that were entered into concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Business Combination Agreement. On July 10, 2022, Swvl and the
Lock-Up
Holders subsequently entered into extensions to their respective
lock-up
agreements (the
“Lock-Up
Extensions”) pursuant to which the
Lock-Up
Holders agreed (i) to extend the relevant time period during which the
lock-up
restrictions apply from September 30, 2022 to March 31, 2023, or from March 31, 2023 to September 30, 2023, as applicable (depending on the applicable
Lock-Up
Holder’s beneficial ownership of Class A Ordinary Shares) and (ii) to postpone the start of the measurement period of the trading price based release from August 28, 2022 to February 24, 2023. Additionally, pursuant to the
Lock-Up
Extensions, Swvl and the
Lock-Up
Holders agreed to permit the transfers of Class A Ordinary Shares by the
Lock-Up
Holders to any equity holder of the respective
Lock-Up
Holder to the extent necessary for such equity holder, or any affiliates of such equity holder, to meet any reasonably anticipated capital calls, obligations, commitments or liabilities entered into before the date of the
Lock-Up
Extension as determined by the respective
Lock-Up
Holder; provided, however, that such transfers will not be
 
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permitted on a date prior to which a transfer would have been permitted pursuant to the time based release or the trading price based release of the
lock-up
agreements as in effect on the execution date of the original
lock-up
agreements.
Business Combination
On March 31, 2022, the Company consummated the previously announced business combination pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, (a) SPAC merged with and into Cayman Merger Sub (the “SPAC Merger”), with Cayman Merger Sub surviving the SPAC Merger (Cayman Merger Sub, in its capacity as the surviving company of the SPAC Merger, the “SPAC Surviving Company”) and becoming the sole owner of all of the issued and outstanding shares, par value $1.00 per share, of BVI Merger Sub (each, a “BVI Merger Sub Common Share”), (b) concurrently with the consummation of the SPAC Merger, the Company redeemed each Class A Ordinary Share and each Class B ordinary share, par value $0.0001, of the Company (each, a “Common Share B”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the SPAC Merger for par value, (c) following the SPAC Merger, the SPAC Surviving Company distributed all of the issued and outstanding BVI Merger Sub Common Shares to the Company (the “BVI Merger Sub Distribution”) and (d) following the BVI Merger Sub Distribution, BVI Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Swvl (the “Company Merger”), with Legacy Swvl surviving the Company Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. As a result of the Business Combination, the SPAC Surviving Company and Legacy Swvl each became wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company and the securityholders of SPAC and Legacy Swvl became securityholders of the Company.
As part of the Business Combination, at the effective time of the SPAC Merger (the “SPAC Merger Effective Time”), among other things, (a) each Class A ordinary share, par value $0.0001 per share, of SPAC (each, a “SPAC Class A Ordinary Share”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the SPAC Merger Effective Time was automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive one Class A Ordinary Share and (b) each Class B ordinary share, par value $0.0001 per share, of SPAC, was automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive one Common Share B, (c) each fraction of or whole warrant to purchase SPAC Class A Ordinary Shares (each, a “SPAC Warrant”) issued, outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the SPAC Merger Effective Time was automatically assumed and converted into a fraction or whole Warrant, to acquire (in the case of a whole warrant) one Class A Ordinary Share, subject to the same terms and conditions (including exercisability terms) as were applicable to the corresponding former warrants of SPAC and (d) without duplication of the foregoing, each unit of SPAC, comprised of one SPAC Class A Ordinary Share and
one-third
of one SPAC Warrant, existing and outstanding immediately prior to the SPAC Merger Effective Time was automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into one unit of the Company (each, a “Unit”), comprised of one Class A Ordinary Share and
one-third
of one Warrant.
As part of the Business Combination, at the effective time of the Company Merger (the “Company Merger Effective Time”), among other things, (a) the Units separated into their component securities and ceased to exist, (b) all of Legacy Swvl’s ordinary common shares A of no par value, all of Legacy Swvl’s ordinary common shares B of no par value (“Common Shares B”) and all preferred shares of Legacy Swvl (collectively, “Legacy Swvl Shares”) outstanding immediately prior to the Company Merger Effective Time (excluding any Legacy Swvl Shares held in treasury by Legacy Swvl) were automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive (i) a number of Class A Ordinary Shares equal to an exchange ratio of approximately 1509.96x, and (ii) upon the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement, the applicable per share earnout consideration (the “Per Share Earnout Consideration”), in each case without interest and (c) each then outstanding and unexercised option to purchase Common Shares B (each, a “Legacy Swvl Option”), whether or not vested, were assumed and converted into (i) an option to purchase a number of Class A Ordinary Shares (such option, an “Exchanged Option”) equal to the product of (A) the number of Common Shares B subject to such Legacy Swvl Option (assuming payment in cash of the exercise price of such Legacy Swvl Option) immediately prior to the
 
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Company Merger Effective Time multiplied by (B) the exchange ratio, at an exercise price per share equal to (x) the exercise price per share of such Legacy Swvl Option immediately prior to the Company Merger Effective Time, divided by (y) the exchange ratio (which option will remain subject to the same vesting terms as such Legacy Swvl Option) and (ii) a number of restricted stock units that will be settled in Class A Ordinary Shares upon the satisfaction of certain price targets or the occurrence of a “change of control” event. Concurrently with the consummation of the Company Merger at the Company Merger Effective Time, then outstanding convertible notes of Legacy Swvl also converted into the right to receive Class A Ordinary Shares.
In connection with the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, SPAC and the Company entered into subscription agreements (the “PIPE Subscription Agreements”) with a number of investors (the “PIPE Investors”), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, and the Company agreed to sell to the PIPE Investors in a private placement at or after the Company Merger Effective Time, Class A Ordinary Shares for a purchase price of $10.00 per share, representing an aggregate purchase price of $49.7 million, of which $39.7 million was received by the Company at the Company Merger Effective Time. In addition, Legacy Swvl issued $71.8 million of exchangeable notes (the “Swvl Exchangeable Notes”) to investors, including certain of the PIPE Investors, which such Swvl Exchangeable Notes were automatically exchanged for Class A Ordinary Shares. The aggregate number of Class A Ordinary Shares issued as of the date of this prospectus in connection with the PIPE Subscription Agreements and the Swvl Exchangeable Notes was 12,188,711.
The Business Combination was consummated on March 31, 2022. As a result of the Business Combination, the SPAC Surviving Company and Legacy Swvl each became wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company. On April 1, 2022, the Class A Ordinary Shares and Warrants (together, the “Securities” or the “Swvl Securities”) commenced trading on Nasdaq, under the new tickers “SWVL” and “SWVLW,” respectively. The Units, having automatically separated into their component securities at the Company Merger Effective Time, have ceased to be outstanding.
The Additional Sellers (other than the Institutional Investor) beneficially own approximately 66% of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares and, subject to the contractual
lock-ups
described below, may sell all of their Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market at any time, so long as the registration statements of which the Additional Prospectuses form a part remain effective and the Additional Prospectuses remain usable. Pursuant to
lock-up
agreements entered into with the Company and subsequently voluntarily extended, the Additional Sellers (other than the Institutional Investor) have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to (a) transfer, assign or sell any Class A Ordinary Shares, (b) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any Class A Ordinary Shares, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of such securities, in cash or otherwise, in each case until the earlier of (x) either March 31, 2023 or September 30, 2023 (depending on the applicable Additional Seller’s beneficial ownership of our Class A Ordinary Shares), (y) the first date on which the last sale price of our Class A Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any
30-day
trading period commencing on or after February 24, 2023 and (z) a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of our shareholders having the right to exchange their Class A Ordinary Shares for cash, securities or other property. Sales of a substantial number of our shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our securities.
Emerging Growth Company
We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and have elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for new or revised financial accounting standards. We expect to remain an emerging growth company at least through the end of the 2022 fiscal year and expect to continue to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period, although we may decide to early adopt such new or revised accounting
 
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standards to the extent permitted by such standards. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare our financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Foreign Private Issuer
We are a “foreign private issuer” under SEC rules. Consequently, we are subject to the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act applicable to foreign private issuers.
Based on our foreign private issuer status, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as a U.S. company whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act and we also are exempt from the rules and regulations under the Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements. We are also not required to comply with Regulation FD, which addresses certain restrictions on the selective disclosure of material information. In addition, among other matters, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules under the Exchange Act with respect to their purchases and sales of Class A Ordinary Shares. Additionally, Nasdaq rules allow foreign private issuers to follow home country practices in lieu of certain of Nasdaq’s corporate governance rules and we have elected to do so in certain regards. As a result, our shareholders may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.
Risk Factors
An investment in our securities involves substantial risks and uncertainties that may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and cash flows. Some of the more significant challenges and risks relating to an investment in our company include, among other things, the following:
 
   
Several countries in which Swvl operates and plans to operate in the future have been subject to political and economic instability.
 
   
Swvl’s limited operating history and rapidly evolving business make it particularly difficult to evaluate Swvl’s prospects and the risks and challenges Swvl may encounter.
 
   
The mass transit ridesharing market is still in relatively early stages of growth and if the market does not continue to grow, grows more slowly than Swvl expects or fails to grow as large as Swvl expects, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
 
   
If Swvl fails to cost-effectively attract and retain qualified drivers to use its platform, or to increase utilization of Swvl’s platform by Swvl’s currently contracted drivers, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.
 
   
If Swvl fails to cost-effectively attract and retain new riders or to increase utilization of its platform by existing riders, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.
 
   
Swvl depends on its key personnel and other highly skilled personnel, and if Swvl fails to attract, retain, motivate or integrate its personnel, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
 
   
Swvl’s reputation, brand and the network effects among the drivers and riders using Swvl’s platform are important to its success, and if Swvl is not able to maintain and continue developing its reputation, brand and network effects, its business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
 
   
Swvl’s growth strategy will subject it to additional costs, compliance requirements and risks, and Swvl’s expansion plans may not be successful.
 
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Swvl has not historically maintained insurance coverage for its operations. Swvl may not be able to mitigate the risks facing its business and could incur significant uninsured losses, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and operating results.
 
   
Any actual or perceived security or privacy breach could interrupt Swvl’s operations and adversely affect its reputation, brand, business, financial condition and operating results. Swvl has previously experienced a data breach that resulted in the exposure of its customers’ personal information.
 
   
If Swvl fails to effectively predict rider demand, to set pricing and routing accordingly or to run routes that are consistent with the availability of drivers using its platform, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
 
   
If Swvl is not able to successfully develop new offerings on its platform and enhance its existing offerings, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
 
   
Swvl’s metrics and estimates, including the key metrics included in this prospectus, are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in those metrics may harm Swvl’s reputation and negatively affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
 
   
Any failure to offer high-quality user support may harm Swvl’s relationships with users and could adversely affect Swvl’s reputation, brand, business, financial condition, and operating results.
 
   
Systems failures and resulting interruptions in the availability of Swvl’s website, applications, platform, or offerings could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition, and operating results.
 
   
If Swvl is unable to make acquisitions and investments or successfully integrate them into its business, or if Swvl enters into strategic transactions that do not achieve its objectives, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
 
   
Swvl has identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting. If for any reason Swvl is unable to remediate these material weaknesses and otherwise to maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting in the future, Swvl’s ability to produce accurate and timely consolidated financial statements may be impaired, which may harm Swvl’s operating results, Swvl’s ability to operate its business or investors’ views of Swvl.
 
   
The securities being offered in this prospectus represent a substantial percentage of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares, and the sales of such securities, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to decline significantly.
Our Corporate Information
See “Prospectus Summary—Recent Developments—Business Combination” in this prospectus for additional information regarding the Business Combination. The Company is a business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The Company was incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands on July 23, 2021 under the name Pivotal Holdings Corp. Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the Company changed its name to Swvl Holdings Corp. The mailing address of the Company’s registered office is Kingston Chambers, PO Box 173, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. The Company’s principal executive office is The Offices 4, One Central, Dubai World Trade Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The telephone number of the Company’s principal executive office is +971 42241293.
The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s website is http://www.sec.gov. The Company’s principal website address is https://www.swvl.com. We do not incorporate the information contained on, or accessible through, the Company’s websites into this prospectus, and you should not consider it a part of this prospectus.
 
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THE OFFERING
The summary below describes the principal terms of the offering. The “Description of Securities” section of this prospectus contains a more detailed description of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares.
 
Securities being registered for resale by the Selling Securityholder:
98,573,233 Class A Ordinary Shares, consisting of:
 
   
20,000 Commitment Shares that we issued to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in consideration of its commitment to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares at our election under the Purchase Agreement; and
 
   
Up to 98,553,233 Class A Ordinary Shares we may elect, in our sole discretion to issue and sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement from time to time after the date of this prospectus (the “Purchase Shares”).
 
Offering prices for resales:
The Selling Securityholder may resell or otherwise dispose of all, some or none of the Class A Ordinary Shares included in this prospectus, at any time or from time to time in a number of different ways in its discretion and at varying prices. See the section titled “Plan of Distribution” for more information about how the Selling Securityholder may sell or otherwise dispose of the Class A Ordinary Shares being offered in this prospectus.
 
Ordinary shares issued and outstanding prior to any exercise of Warrants as of August 22, 2022:
135,125,061 Class A Ordinary Shares.
 
Use of Proceeds:
This prospectus relates to the offer and resale from time to time by the Selling Securityholder of up to 98,573,233 Class A Ordinary Shares that we have issued or that we may, in our discretion, elect to issue and sell to the Selling Securityholder, from time to time pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and we will not receive any proceeds from the resale of Class A Ordinary Shares by the Selling Securityholder under this prospectus. However, as of the date of this prospectus, we have received $9,249,619 in aggregate gross proceeds under the Purchase Agreement from sales of Class A Ordinary Shares that we previously elected to make to the Selling Securityholder and we may receive up to $462,493,236 in aggregate gross proceeds under the Purchase Agreement from sales of Class A Ordinary Shares that we may elect to make to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, from time to time in our sole discretion, from and after the date of this prospectus.
 
  We expect to use the net proceeds that we receive from sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder, if any, under the Purchase Agreement for working capital and general corporate purposes, including to fund acquisitions. See the section titled “Use of Proceeds.”
 
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Dividend Policy:
We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our Class A Ordinary Shares. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any further determination to pay dividends on our Class A Ordinary Shares would be at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and would depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
 
Market for our Class
 A Ordinary Shares:
Our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq under the trading symbol “SWVL”.
 
Risk Factors:
You should carefully consider the information set forth herein under “
Risk Factors
”.
 
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RISK FACTORS
Risks Related to Operational Factors Affecting Swvl
Swvl’s limited operating history and evolving business make it particularly difficult to evaluate Swvl’s prospects and the risks and challenges Swvl may encounter.
While Swvl has primarily focused on mass transit ridesharing services since Swvl launched in 2017, Swvl’s business continues to evolve. Beginning in 2020, Swvl reevaluated and adjusted its pricing methodologies and expanded its business offerings to include TaaS and (in the future) SaaS. While it is difficult to evaluate the prospects and risks of any business, Swvl’s relatively new and evolving business makes it particularly difficult to assess Swvl’s prospects and the risks and challenges it may encounter. Risks and challenges Swvl has faced or expects to face include its ability to:
 
   
forecast its revenue and budget for and manage expenses;
 
   
attract new qualified drivers and new riders to use its platform and have existing qualified drivers and riders continue to use its platform in a cost-effective manner;
 
   
comply with existing or developing and new or modified laws and regulations applicable to Swvl’s business and the data it processes, including in jurisdictions where such regulations may still be developing or changing rapidly;
 
   
manage its platform and business assets and expenses in light of the
COVID-19
pandemic and related public health measures issued by various jurisdictions, including travel bans, travel restrictions, and
shelter-in-place
orders, as well as maintain demand for and confidence in the safety of Swvl’s platform during and following the
COVID-19
pandemic;
 
   
plan for and manage expenditures for Swvl’s current and future offerings, including expenses relating to Swvl’s growth strategy;
 
   
deploy and ensure utilization of the vehicles operating on Swvl’s platform;
 
   
anticipate and respond to macroeconomic changes and changes in the markets in which Swvl operates;
 
   
maintain and enhance the value of Swvl’s reputation and brand;
 
   
effectively manage Swvl’s growth and business operations, including the impacts of the
COVID-19
pandemic on Swvl’s business;
 
   
successfully expand Swvl’s geographic reach;
 
   
successfully expand Swvl’s TaaS business and launch Swvl’s SaaS business;
 
   
hire, integrate and retain talented personnel; and
 
   
successfully develop new platform features and offerings to enhance the experience of riders, drivers and corporate customers (as well as schools and municipalities).
If Swvl fails to address the risks and difficulties that it faces, including those associated with the challenges listed above as well as those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected. Further, because Swvl has limited historical financial data, operates in a rapidly evolving market and its growth strategy is premised on rapid international expansion, any predictions about Swvl’s future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if Swvl had a longer operating history or operated in a more predictable market. If Swvl’s assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which Swvl uses to plan and operate its business, are incorrect or change, or if it does not address these risks successfully, Swvl’s operating results could differ materially from its expectations and Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
 
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The
COVID-19
pandemic and related responsive measures have disrupted and negatively impacted, and may in the future disrupt and negatively impact, Swvl’s business, financial condition, and operating results. Swvl cannot predict the extent to which the pandemic and related effects may in the future adversely impact its business, financial condition and operating results, and the execution of Swvl’s strategic objectives.
The ongoing
COVID-19
pandemic and related responsive measures (
e.g.
, travel bans, travel restrictions and
shelter-in-place
orders) have negatively impacted Swvl’s business, financial condition, and operating results. The pandemic and these related responses continue to evolve and have caused, and may in the future cause, decreased demand for Swvl’s platform relative to
pre-COVID-19
levels and significant volatility and disruption of financial markets.
The
COVID-19
pandemic has subjected Swvl’s business, financial condition, and operating results to several risks, including, but not limited to the following:
 
   
Declines in mobility due to
COVID-19,
including commuting, local travel, and business travel, have resulted in decreased demand for Swvl’s platform. Changes in travel trends and behavior arising from
COVID-19,
including the impact of new variants, may develop or persist over time, which may further contribute to this adverse effect in the future.
 
   
The measures Swvl previously took in response to the
COVID-19
pandemic adversely affected Swvl’s business and operating results. For example, in the first quarter of 2020, Swvl temporarily suspended its usual services, other than to certain key business customers, and operated reduced-service for essential workers at no charge. Although regular service has largely resumed, in the future there may be repeated disruption arising from the
COVID-19
pandemic and related responsive measures that may require Swvl to suspend or limit its services again, which would adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
 
   
Changes in driver behavior during the
COVID-19
pandemic led to reduced levels of driver availability on Swvl’s platform, beginning in the first quarter of 2020. As a result, at the time Swvl was required to offer additional incentives to drivers to continue operating on Swvl’s platform. Any future reduction in driver availability due to the
COVID-19
pandemic may require Swvl to increase prices or provide additional incentives to attract and retain drivers and riders, which may adversely affect its business, financial condition and operating results.
 
   
Responsive measures to the
COVID-19
pandemic caused Swvl to modify its business practices by having corporate employees in nearly all office locations work remotely, limiting employee travel and canceling or postponing events and meetings, or holding them virtually. Swvl may be required to or choose voluntarily to take additional actions for the health and safety of its workforce and users of its platform, including after the pandemic subsides, whether in response to government orders or based on Swvl’s determinations. If these measures result in decreased productivity, harm Swvl’s company culture, adversely affect Swvl’s ability to timely and accurately report its financial statements or maintain internal controls, or otherwise negatively affect Swvl’s business, Swvl’s financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected.
As the severity, magnitude, and duration of the
COVID-19
pandemic, the resulting public health responses and its economic consequences remain uncertain and difficult to predict, the pandemic’s impact on Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results, as well as its impact on Swvl’s ability to successfully execute its business strategies and initiatives, also remains uncertain and difficult to predict. As the countries in which Swvl operates have reopened, the recovery of the economy and Swvl’s business have fluctuated and varied by geography. Further, the ultimate impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic on the riders, drivers and other users of Swvl’s platform, as well as its employees, business, financial condition and operating results depends on many factors that are not within Swvl’s control, including, but not limited, to: governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic (including restrictions on travel and transport and modified workplace activities); the impact of the pandemic and actions taken in response thereto on
 
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local or regional economies, travel and economic activity; the speed and efficacy of vaccine distribution; the availability of government funding programs; evolving laws and regulations regarding
COVID-19,
including those related to disclosure and notification; general economic uncertainty in key markets and financial market volatility; volatility in global economic conditions and levels of economic growth; the duration of the pandemic; the extent of any virus mutations or new variants of
COVID-19;
and the pace of recovery when the
COVID-19
pandemic subsides.
Several countries in which Swvl operates and plans to operate in the future have been subject to political and economic instability.
Swvl has historically conducted most of its business operations in Egypt, Pakistan and Kenya, and its growth strategy is premised on the rapid introduction of its platform into both emerging and developed markets. Several of the countries in which Swvl operates or plans to operate its business have previously, and in the future may be, subject to instances of political instability, civil unrest, hostilities, terrorist activities and economic volatility. Any such events may lead to, among other things, declines in rider and driver demand for Swvl’s platform, whether arising from safety concerns, a drop in consumer confidence or otherwise, a general deterioration of economic conditions, currency volatility or adverse changes to the political and regulatory environment. Any such developments and any other forms of political or economic instability in Swvl’s markets may harm Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl faces competition and could lose market share to competitors, which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl believes that its principal competition for ridership is public transportation services. Swvl’s business model is premised in part on promoting the safety, efficiency and convenience of its offerings to convert public transportation users into riders on Swvl’s platform. While Swvl has previously been successful in attracting and retaining new riders, public transportation is often available at a lower price and with a greater variety of routes than the rides Swvl offers. In addition, public transportation operators in Swvl’s markets may in the future make improvements or implement measures to enhance the safety, efficiency and convenience of their networks. If current and potential riders do not view the advantages of Swvl’s platform as outweighing the difference in price, or if the successful introduction of such improvements or measures weakens the competitive advantages of Swvl’s offerings, Swvl may be unable to retain existing riders or attract new riders and its business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.
Swvl also faces competition from other ridesharing companies and car hire and taxi companies. The ridesharing market in particular is intensely competitive and is characterized by rapid changes in technology, shifting rider needs and preferences and frequent introductions of new services and offerings. Swvl expects competition to increase, both from existing competitors and new entrants in the markets in which Swvl operates or plans to operate, and such competitors may be well-established and enjoy greater resources or other strategic advantages. If Swvl is unable to anticipate or successfully react to these competitive challenges in a timely manner, Swvl’s competitive position could weaken, or fail to improve, and Swvl could experience a decline in revenue or growth stagnation that could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Certain of Swvl’s current and potential competitors have greater financial, technical, marketing, research and development and other resources, greater name recognition, longer operating histories or a larger global user base than Swvl does. Such competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of offerings and offer lower prices in certain markets than Swvl does, which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results. These and other factors may allow Swvl’s competitors to derive greater revenue and profits from their existing user bases, attract and retain qualified drivers and riders at lower costs or respond more quickly to new and emerging technologies and trends. Current and potential competitors may also establish cooperative or strategic relationships, or consolidate, amongst themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources and offerings.
 
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Swvl believes that its ability to compete effectively depends upon many factors both within and beyond Swvl’s control, including:
 
   
the popularity, utility, ease of use, performance and reliability of Swvl’s offerings;
 
   
Swvl’s reputation, including the perceived safety of Swvl’s platform, and brand strength;
 
   
Swvl’s pricing models and the prices of its offerings;
 
   
Swvl’s ability to manage its business and operations during the ongoing
COVID-19
pandemic and recovery as well as in response to related governmental, business and individuals’ actions that continue to evolve (including restrictions on travel and transport and modified workplace activities);
 
   
Swvl’s ability to attract and retain qualified drivers and riders to use its platform;
 
   
Swvl’s ability to develop new offerings, including the expansion of its TaaS business and launch of its SaaS business;
 
   
Swvl’s ability to continue leveraging and enhancing its data analytics capabilities;
 
   
Swvl’s ability to establish and maintain relationships with strategic partners and third-party service providers;
 
   
Swvl’s ability to deploy and ensure utilization of the vehicles operating on its platform;
 
   
changes mandated by, or that Swvl elects to make to address, legislation, regulatory authorities or litigation, including settlements, judgments, injunctions and consent decrees;
 
   
Swvl’s ability to attract, retain and motivate talented employees;
 
   
Swvl’s ability to raise additional capital as needed; and
 
   
acquisitions or consolidation within Swvl’s industry.
If Swvl is unable to compete successfully, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
The mass transit ridesharing market is still in relatively early stages of growth and if the market does not continue to grow, grows more slowly than Swvl expects or fails to grow as large as Swvl expects, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Prior to
COVID-19,
the mass transit ridesharing market was growing rapidly, but it is still relatively new, and it is uncertain to what extent market acceptance will continue to grow, if at all, particularly after the
COVID-19
pandemic. Swvl’s success depends to a substantial extent on the willingness of people to widely adopt mass transit ridesharing. If the public does not perceive Swvl’s offerings as beneficial, or chooses not to adopt them as a result of concerns regarding public health or safety, affordability or for other reasons, then the market for Swvl’s offerings may not further develop, may develop more slowly than Swvl expects or may not achieve the growth potential Swvl expects. Any of the foregoing risks and challenges could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
If Swvl fails to cost-effectively attract and retain qualified drivers to use its platform, or to increase utilization of Swvl’s platform by existing drivers using its platform, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.
Swvl’s continued growth depends in part on its ability to cost-effectively attract and retain qualified drivers who satisfy Swvl’s screening criteria and procedures to use its platform and to increase utilization of Swvl’s platform by existing drivers.
To attract and retain qualified drivers to use its platform, Swvl has, among other things, offered bonus payments and other incentives to high-performing drivers, and temporarily provided financial assistance to
 
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support drivers during the
COVID-19
pandemic. Government and private business actions in response to the
COVID-19
pandemic, such as travel bans, travel restrictions,
shelter-in-place
orders, increased reliance on work-from-home rather than working in offices, and people and businesses electing to move away from more densely populated cities, have decreased and may in the future decrease utilization of Swvl’s platform by riders. If Swvl does not continue to provide drivers with compelling opportunities to earn income and other incentive programs for using its platform, or if drivers become dissatisfied with Swvl’s requirements for drivers to use its platform, Swvl may fail to attract new drivers to use its platform, retain current drivers to use its platform or increase their utilization of its platform, or Swvl may experience complaints, negative publicity, or services disruptions that could adversely affect its users and its business.
The incentives Swvl provides to attract drivers could fail to attract and retain qualified drivers to use its platform or fail to increase utilization of its platform by existing drivers, or could have other unintended adverse consequences. In addition, changes in certain laws and regulations, labor and employment laws, licensing requirements or background check requirements, may result in a shift or decrease in the pool of qualified drivers, which may result in increased competition for the services of qualified drivers or higher costs of recruitment, operation and retention with respect to drivers providing services through the Swvl platform. Other factors outside of Swvl’s control, such as the
COVID-19
pandemic or other concerns about personal health and safety, or concerns about the availability of government or other assistance programs if drivers continue to drive using Swvl’s platform, may also reduce the number of drivers available through Swvl’s platform or utilization of Swvl’s platform by drivers, or impact Swvl’s ability to attract new drivers to use its platform. If Swvl fails to attract qualified drivers to use its platform on favorable terms, fails to increase utilization of its platform by existing drivers or loses qualified drivers using its platform to competitors, Swvl may not be able to meet the demand of riders, including maintaining competitive prices for riders, and Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
If Swvl fails to cost-effectively attract and retain new riders or to increase utilization of its platform by existing riders, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.
Swvl’s success depends in part on its ability to cost-effectively attract and retain new riders and increase utilization of Swvl’s platform by current riders. Riders have a wide variety of options for transportation, including public transportation, taxis and other ridesharing offerings. Rider preferences may also change from time to time with the advent of new mobility technologies, different behaviors and attitudes towards the environment and new urban planning practices (including increased focus on public transportation and public-private partnerships with respect to mobility). To expand its rider base, Swvl must appeal to new riders who have historically used other forms of transportation or other ridesharing platforms. Swvl believes that its paid marketing initiatives have been critical in promoting awareness of Swvl’s brand and offerings, which in turn leads to new riders using Swvl for the first time and drives rider Utilization (calculated as Total Bookings divided by Total Available Seats, over the period of measurement). Further, as Swvl continues to expand into new geographic areas, it will be relying in part on referrals from existing riders to attract new riders. However, Swvl’s brand and ability to build trust with existing and new riders may be adversely affected by complaints and negative publicity about Swvl, its offerings, its policies, including its pricing algorithms, drivers using its platform, or its competitors, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents. Further, if existing and new riders do not perceive the transportation services provided by drivers using Swvl’s platform to be reliable, safe and affordable, or if Swvl fails to offer new and relevant offerings and features on its platform, Swvl may not be able to attract or retain riders or to increase their utilization of its platform. Further, government and private business actions in response to the
COVID-19
pandemic, such as travel bans, travel restrictions,
shelter-in-place
orders, increased reliance on work-from-home rather than working in offices, and people and businesses electing to move away from more densely populated cities, have decreased and may in the future decrease utilization of Swvl’s platform by riders including longer term.
As Swvl continues to expand into new geographic areas, it will be relying in part on referrals from existing riders to attract new riders, and therefore must ensure that its existing riders remain satisfied with its offerings. If
 
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Swvl fails to continue to grow its rider base, retain existing riders or increase the overall utilization of its platform by existing riders, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl depends on its key personnel and other highly skilled personnel, and if Swvl fails to attract, retain, motivate or integrate its personnel, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl’s success depends in part on the continued service of its
co-founder
and Chief Executive Officer, senior management team, key technical employees and other highly skilled personnel and on Swvl’s ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate, retain and integrate highly qualified personnel for all areas of its organization. Swvl may not be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel to fulfill its current or future needs, and actions Swvl takes in response to the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic on Swvl’s business may harm Swvl’s reputation or impact its ability to recruit qualified personnel in the future. Please see the section entitled “The
COVID-19
pandemic and related responsive measures have disrupted and negatively impacted, and may in the future disrupt and negatively impact, Swvl’s business, financial condition, and operating results. Swvl cannot predict the extent to which the pandemic and related effects may in the future adversely impact its business, financial condition and operating results, and the execution of Swvl’s strategic objectives.” Swvl’s competitors may be successful in recruiting and hiring members of Swvl’s management team or other key employees, and it may be difficult to find suitable replacements on a timely basis, on competitive terms, or at all. If Swvl is unable to attract and retain the necessary personnel, particularly in critical areas of its business, Swvl may not achieve its strategic goals.
Swvl faces intense competition for highly skilled personnel. To attract and retain top talent, Swvl has had to offer, and Swvl believes it needs to continue to offer, competitive compensation and benefits packages. Job candidates and existing personnel often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. If the perceived value of Swvl’s equity or equity awards declines or Swvl is unable to provide competitive compensation packages, Swvl’s ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel may be adversely affected and Swvl may experience increased attrition. Swvl may need to invest significant amounts of cash and equity to attract and retain new employees and expend significant time and resources to identify, recruit, train and integrate such employees, and Swvl may never realize returns on these investments. If Swvl is unable to effectively manage its hiring needs or successfully integrate new hires, Swvl’s efficiency, ability to meet forecasts and employee morale, productivity and retention could suffer, which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl’s reputation, brand and the network effects among the drivers and riders using Swvl’s platform are important to its success, and if Swvl is not able to maintain and continue developing its reputation, brand and network effects, its business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl believes that building a strong reputation and brand as a safe, reliable and affordable platform and continuing to increase the strength of the network effects among the drivers and riders using Swvl’s platform (
i.e.
, the advantages that derive from having more drivers and riders using Swvl’s platform) are critical to its ability to attract and retain qualified drivers and riders. The successful development of Swvl’s reputation, brand and network effects depends on a number of factors, many of which are outside Swvl’s control. Negative perception of Swvl or its platform may harm Swvl’s reputation, brand and network effects, including as a result of:
 
   
complaints or negative publicity about Swvl or drivers or riders on its platform, its offerings or its policies and guidelines, including Swvl’s practices and policies with respect to drivers, or the ridesharing industry, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents;
 
   
illegal, negligent, reckless or otherwise inappropriate behavior by drivers, riders or third parties;
 
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a failure to offer riders competitive pricing and convenient service;
 
   
a failure to provide the range of routes, dynamic routing, and ride types sought by riders;
 
   
actual or perceived inaccuracies in demand prediction and other defects or errors in Swvl’s platform;
 
   
concerns by riders or drivers about the safety of ridesharing and Swvl’s platform, including in light of the
COVID-19
pandemic;
 
   
actual or perceived disruptions in Swvl’s platform, site outages, payment disruptions or other incidents that impact the reliability of Swvl’s offerings;
 
   
failure to protect Swvl’s customer personal data, or other privacy or data security breaches;
 
   
litigation involving, or investigations by regulators into, Swvl’s business;
 
   
users’ lack of awareness of, or compliance with, Swvl’s policies;
 
   
Swvl’s policies or changes thereto that users or others perceive as overly restrictive, unclear or inconsistent with Swvl’s values or mission or that are not clearly articulated;
 
   
a failure to enforce Swvl’s policies in a manner that users perceive as effective, fair and transparent;
 
   
a failure to operate Swvl’s business in a way that is consistent with Swvl’s stated values and mission;
 
   
inadequate or unsatisfactory user support service experiences;
 
   
illegal or otherwise inappropriate behavior by Swvl’s management team or other employees or contractors;
 
   
negative responses by drivers or riders to new offerings on Swvl’s platform;
 
   
a failure to balance the interests of driver and riders;
 
   
accidents or other negative incidents involving the use of Swvl’s platform;
 
   
perception of Swvl’s treatment of employees or contractors and Swvl’s response to employee sentiment related to political or social causes or actions of management;
 
   
political or social policies or activities; or
 
   
any of the foregoing with respect to Swvl’s competitors, to the extent such resulting negative perception affects the public’s perception of Swvl or its industry as a whole.
If Swvl does not successfully maintain and develop its brand, reputation and network effects and successfully differentiate its offerings from the offerings of competitors, Swvl’s business may not grow, Swvl may not be able to compete effectively and it could lose existing qualified drivers or existing riders or fail to attract new qualified drivers or new riders to use its platform, any of which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl’s company culture has contributed to its success and if Swvl cannot maintain this culture as it grows, its business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.
Swvl believes that its culture, which promotes proactivity, taking ownership and putting riders and drivers first has been critical to its success. Swvl faces a number of challenges that may affect its ability to sustain its corporate culture, including:
 
   
failure to identify, attract, reward and retain people in leadership positions in Swvl’s organization who share and further Swvl’s culture, values and mission;
 
   
Swvl’s rapid growth strategy, which involves increasing the size and geographic dispersion of Swvl’s workforce;
 
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shelter-in-place
orders in certain jurisdictions where Swvl operates that have required many of Swvl’s employees to work remotely, as well as return to work arrangements and workplace strategies;
 
   
the inability to achieve adherence to Swvl’s internal policies and core values, including Swvl’s diversity, equity and inclusion practices;
 
   
competitive pressures to move in directions that may divert Swvl from its mission, vision and values;
 
   
the continued challenges of the rapidly-evolving mass-transit ridesharing industry;
 
   
the increasing need to develop expertise in new areas of business and operate across borders;
 
   
potential negative perception of Swvl’s treatment of employees or Swvl’s response to employee sentiment related to political or social causes or actions of management;
 
   
changes to employee work arrangements in response to
COVID-19;
and
 
   
the integration of new personnel and businesses from potential acquisitions.
If Swvl is not able to maintain its corporate culture, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl’s growth strategy will subject it to additional costs, compliance requirements and risks, and Swvl’s plans may not be successful.
Swvl intends to pursue a rapid growth strategy to expand its operations into new international markets. In 2022, Swvl has worked towards expanding its Swvl Retail and Swvl Travel offerings in countries in the Middle East and Latin America, and to introduce its Swvl Business offerings in countries in Latin America, Western Europe and Southeast Asia. Operating in a large number of countries will require significant attention of Swvl’s management to oversee operations over a broad geographic area with varying legal and regulatory environments, competitive dynamics and cultural norms and customs and will place significant burdens on Swvl’s operations, engineering, finance and legal and compliance functions. Swvl may incur significant operating expenses as a result of its international presence and its expansion plans will be subject to a variety of challenges, including:
 
   
recruitment and retention of talented and capable employees in foreign countries while maintaining Swvl’s company culture in each of its markets;
 
   
competition from local incumbents with existing knowledge of local markets that may market and operate more effectively and may enjoy greater local affinity or awareness;
 
   
differing rider and driver demand dynamics, which may make Swvl’s offerings less successful;
 
   
the need to adapt to new markets, including the need to localize Swvl’s offerings and marketing efforts to the preferences of local riders and drivers;
 
   
public health concerns or emergencies, including the
COVID-19
pandemic and other highly communicable diseases or viruses;
 
   
compliance with varying laws and regulatory standards, including with respect to data privacy, cybersecurity, tax, trade compliance, environmental and other vehicle standards and local regulatory restrictions;
 
   
the risk that local laws and business practices favor local competitors;
 
   
compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “FCPA”) and similar laws in other jurisdictions;
 
   
obtaining any required government approvals, licenses or other authorizations;
 
   
varying levels of Internet and mobile technology adoption and infrastructure;
 
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currency exchange restrictions or costs and exchange rate fluctuations;
 
   
political, economic, or social instability, which may cause disruptions to Swvl’s business;
 
   
operating in jurisdictions with reduced, nonexistent or unenforceable protection for intellectual property rights or where Swvl does not have registered intellectual property rights in its brand and/or technology; and
 
   
limitations on the repatriation and investment of funds as well as foreign currency exchange restrictions.
Swvl’s limited experience in operating its business in multiple countries increases the risk that any potential expansion efforts that Swvl may undertake will not be successful and may require Swvl to terminate its operations in certain markets. Swvl intends to invest substantial time and resources to expand its operations internationally. As a result, if Swvl is unable to manage these risks effectively, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
If Swvl fails to effectively manage its growth and optimize its organizational structure, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Since its launch in 2017, Swvl has experienced rapid growth in its business, revenues and the number of users on its platform. Swvl expects this growth to continue following the recovery of the world economy from the
COVID-19
pandemic. This growth has placed, and will continue to place, significant demands on Swvl’s management and Swvl’s operational and financial infrastructure. The steps Swvl takes to manage its business operations, including policies for employees, and to align Swvl’s operations with Swvl’s strategies for growth, may adversely affect Swvl’s reputation and brand and its ability to recruit, retain and motivate highly skilled personnel.
Swvl’s ability to manage growth and business operations effectively and to integrate new employees, technologies and acquisitions into its existing business will require Swvl to continue to expand its operational and financial infrastructure and to continue to retain, attract, train, motivate and manage employees. Continued growth could strain Swvl’s ability to develop and improve its operational, financial and management controls, enhance its reporting systems and procedures, recruit, train and retain highly skilled personnel and maintain user satisfaction. Additionally, if Swvl does not effectively manage the growth of its business and operations, then Swvl’s reputation, brand, business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl has not historically maintained insurance coverage for its operations. Swvl may not be able to mitigate the risks facing its business and could incur significant uninsured losses, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and operating results.
In 2022, Swvl obtained insurance policies to cover directors’ and officers’ liabilities. However, Swvl has not historically maintained insurance coverage for general business liabilities, business interruptions, crime, losses of key personnel or security breaches and incidents relating to its network systems or operations. As a result, any losses arising from or relating to, among other things, personal injury, property damage, labor and employment disputes, commercial disputes, fraudulent transactions or other criminal activity, business interruptions, noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations, infringement or misappropriation of intellectual property or security or privacy breaches, or the successful assertion of one or more claims against Swvl related to any of the foregoing, could require Swvl to service such losses or claims using internal resources, which would have an adverse effect on Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl’s business depends on insurance coverage which is independently required to be maintained by the drivers using its platform.
Swvl obtained insurance coverage directors’ and officers’ liabilities in 2022 and is in the process of obtaining coverage for general business liabilities and cyber insurance. Swvl is also evaluating whether other
 
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types of insurance coverage may be appropriate for its business, such as transportation network company insurance. Nevertheless, Swvl may not obtain enough insurance to adequately mitigate the operations-related risks it faces, and some operations-related risks may not be covered at all. Swvl may have to pay high premiums, self-insured retentions or deductibles for the coverage Swvl does obtain. Swvl also may be unable to obtain cyber insurance coverage in certain countries at commercially reasonable rates or at all, and it may experience losses as a result. Additionally, if any of Swvl’s insurance providers becomes insolvent, such providers could be unable to pay any operations-related claims that Swvl makes. Certain losses may be excluded from insurance coverage.
While Swvl operates in over 20 countries, Swvl maintains and provides medical insurance for all drivers and riders using its platform only in Egypt. To do so, Swvl relies on a limited number of third-party insurance service providers to service related claims. If any of Swvl’s third-party insurance service providers fails to service claims to Swvl’s expectations, discontinues or increases the cost of coverage or changes the terms of such coverage in a manner unfavorable to drivers, riders or to Swvl, Swvl cannot guarantee that it would be able to secure replacement coverage or services on reasonable terms in an acceptable time frame or at all. If Swvl cannot find alternate third-party insurance service providers on acceptable terms, Swvl may incur additional expenses related to servicing such ride-related claims using internal resources.
Insurance providers have raised premiums and deductibles for many types of claims, coverages and for a variety of commercial risk and are likely to do so in the future. As a result, Swvl’s insurance and claims expense could increase, or Swvl may decide to raise its deductibles or self-insured retentions when policies are renewed or replaced to manage pricing pressure. Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected if (i) cost per claim, premiums or the number of claims significantly exceeds Swvl’s historical experience, (ii) Swvl experiences a claim in excess of Swvl’s coverage limits, (iii) Swvl’s insurance providers fail to pay on Swvl’s insurance claims, (iv) Swvl experiences a claim for which coverage is not provided, (v) the number of claims and average claim cost under Swvl’s deductibles or self-insured retentions differs from historic averages or (vi) an insurance policy is cancelled or not renewed.
Illegal, improper or otherwise inappropriate activity of riders, drivers or other users, whether or not occurring while utilizing Swvl’s platform, could expose Swvl to liability and harm its business, brand, financial condition and operating results.
Illegal, improper or otherwise inappropriate activities by riders, drivers or other users, including the activities of individuals who may have previously engaged with, but are not then receiving or providing services offered through, Swvl’s platform could adversely affect Swvl’s brand, business, financial condition and operating results. These activities may include assault, theft, unauthorized use or sharing of rider or driver accounts and other misconduct. Such conduct could expose Swvl to liability or adversely affect Swvl’s brand or reputation.
While Swvl has taken measures to guard against these illegal, improper or otherwise inappropriate activities, these measures may prove inadequate to prevent such activities or Swvl may not be successful in implementing them effectively. Although Swvl requires certain qualification processes for drivers using its platform, including submission of criminal record checks in certain jurisdictions, these qualification processes may not expose all potentially relevant information and may be limited in certain jurisdictions according to national and local laws, and Swvl may fail to conduct such qualification processes adequately or identify information that could be relevant to a determination of driver eligibility.
Further, any negative publicity related to the foregoing, whether an incident occurred on Swvl’s platform, on Swvl’s competitors’ platforms, or on any ridesharing platform, could adversely affect Swvl’s reputation and brand or public perception of the ridesharing industry as a whole, which could negatively affect demand for Swvl’s platform and potentially lead to increased regulatory or litigation exposure. Any of the foregoing risks could harm Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
 
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Changes to Swvl’s pricing could adversely affect its ability to attract or retain qualified drivers and riders to use its platform.
Demand for Swvl’s offerings is sensitive to the price of rides. Many factors, including operating costs, legal and regulatory requirements or constraints and Swvl’s current and future competitors’ pricing and marketing strategies, could significantly affect Swvl’s pricing strategies. Competitors may offer, or may in the future offer, lower-priced or a broader range of offerings or use marketing strategies that enable them to attract or retain qualified drivers and riders at a lower cost than Swvl does.
Swvl uses pricing algorithms to set prices depending on the route, time of day and expected rates of Utilization. In the past, Swvl has made pricing changes and spent significant resources on marketing rider incentives, and there can be no assurance that Swvl will not be forced, through competitive pressures, regulation or otherwise, to reduce the price of rides for riders, to increase the rates Swvl offers for driver services or to increase Swvl’s marketing and other expenses to attract and retain qualified drivers and riders using its platform.
Furthermore, the economic sensitivity of drivers and riders using Swvl’s platform may vary by geographic location, and as Swvl expands into new markets, its pricing methodologies may not enable it to compete effectively in these locations. Local regulations may affect Swvl’s pricing in certain geographic locations, which could amplify these effects. For example, Swvl and other ridesharing companies have made commitments to the Egyptian Competition Authority not to set prices below certain profitability benchmarks with respect to their B2C ridesharing offerings in Egypt. Swvl has launched, and may in the future launch, new pricing strategies and initiatives, such as subscription packages and driver or rider loyalty programs. Swvl has also modified, and may in the future modify, existing pricing methodologies, such as its
up-front
pricing policy. Any of the foregoing actions may not ultimately be successful in attracting and retaining qualified drivers and riders.
Any actual or perceived security or privacy breach could interrupt Swvl’s operations and adversely affect its reputation, brand, business, financial condition and operating results. Swvl has previously experienced a data breach that resulted in the exposure of customer information.
Swvl’s business involves the collection, storage, transmission and other processing of Swvl’s users’ personal and other sensitive data. An increasing number of organizations, including large online and
off-line
merchants and businesses, other large Internet companies, financial institutions and government institutions, have disclosed breaches of their information security systems and other information security incidents, some of which have involved sophisticated and highly targeted attacks. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or to sabotage information systems change frequently and may not be known until launched, Swvl may be unable to anticipate, detect or prevent these attacks. Swvl has previously experienced a data breach. In July 2020, unauthorized parties gained access to a Swvl database containing identifiable information of its riders by exploiting a breach in certain third-party software used by Swvl. While such breach has not had a material impact on Swvl’s business or operations and Swvl has since implemented measures designed to restrict any similar data breach, unauthorized parties may in the future gain access to Swvl’s systems or facilities through various means, including gaining unauthorized access into Swvl’s systems or facilities or those of Swvl’s service providers, partners or users on Swvl’s platform, or attempting to fraudulently induce Swvl’s employees, service providers, partners, users or others into disclosing rider names, passwords, payment card information or other sensitive information, which may in turn be used to access Swvl’s information technology systems, or attempting to fraudulently induce Swvl’s employees, partners or others into manipulating payment information, resulting in the fraudulent transfer of funds to criminal actors. In addition, users on Swvl’s platform could have vulnerabilities on their own mobile devices that are entirely unrelated to Swvl’s systems and platform, but could mistakenly attribute their own vulnerabilities to Swvl. Further, breaches experienced by other companies may also be leveraged against Swvl. For example, credential stuffing and ransomware attacks are becoming increasingly common, and sophisticated actors can mask their attacks, making them increasingly difficult to identify and prevent. Certain efforts may be state-sponsored or supported by significant financial and technological resources, making them even more difficult to detect.
 
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Although Swvl has developed systems and processes that are designed to protect users’ data, prevent data loss and prevent other privacy or security breaches, these measures cannot guarantee security. Swvl’s information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to cyberattacks or security breaches, and third parties may be able to access Swvl’s users’ payment card data and other personal information that are accessible through those systems. Swvl is still a growing company and may not have sufficient dedicated personnel or internal oversight to detect, identify, and respond to all privacy or security incidents. Additionally, as Swvl expands its operations, including sharing data with third parties or continuing the work-from-home practices of its employees (including increased use of video conferencing), Swvl’s exposure to cyberattacks or security breaches may increase. Further, employee error, malfeasance or other errors in the storage, use or transmission of personal information could result in an actual or perceived privacy or security breach or other security incident. Although Swvl has policies restricting the access to the personal information it stores, these policies may be breached or prove inadequate.
Any actual or perceived breach of privacy or security could interrupt Swvl’s operations, result in Swvl’s platform being unavailable, result in loss or improper disclosure of data, result in fraudulent transfer of funds, harm Swvl’s reputation and brand, damage Swvl’s relationships with strategic partners and third-party service providers, result in significant legal, regulatory and financial exposure and lead to loss of driver or rider confidence in, or decreased use of, Swvl’s platform, any of which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results. Any breach of privacy or security impacting any entities with which Swvl may share or disclose data could have similar effects. Further, any cyberattacks or security and privacy breaches directed at Swvl’s competitors could reduce confidence in the ridesharing industry as a whole and, as a result, reduce confidence in Swvl.
Additionally, responding to any privacy or security breach, including defending against claims, investigations or litigation in connection with any privacy or security breach, regardless of their merit, could be costly and divert management’s attention. Swvl does not currently maintain any insurance to cover security breaches and incidents or losses relating to its network systems or operations. As a result, the successful assertion of one or more large claims against Swvl could have an adverse effect on Swvl’s reputation, brand, business, financial condition and operating results.
Defects, errors or vulnerabilities in Swvl’s applications, backend systems or other technology systems and those of third-party technology providers could harm Swvl’s reputation and brand and adversely impact Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
The software underlying Swvl’s platform is highly complex and may contain undetected errors or vulnerabilities, some of which may only be discovered after the code has been released. The third-party software that Swvl incorporates into its platform may also be subject to errors or vulnerability. Any errors or vulnerabilities discovered in Swvl’s code or third-party software could result in negative publicity, loss of users, loss of revenue and access or other performance issues. Such vulnerabilities could also be exploited by malicious actors and result in exposure of data of users on Swvl’s platform, or otherwise result in a data breach. Swvl may need to expend significant financial and development resources to analyze, correct, eliminate or work around errors or defects or to address and eliminate vulnerabilities. Any failure to timely and effectively resolve any such errors, defects or vulnerabilities could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results as well as negatively impact Swvl’s reputation or brand.
Swvl relies on various third-party product and service providers and if such third parties do not perform adequately or terminate their relationships with Swvl, Swvl’s costs may increase and its business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl’s success depends in part on its relationships with third-party product and service providers. For example, Swvl relies on third-parties to fulfill various marketing, web hosting, payment, communications and data analytics services to support Swvl’s platform. If any of Swvl’s partners terminates its relationship with
 
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Swvl, including as a result of
COVID-19-related
impacts to their business and operations or for competitive reasons, or refuses to renew its agreement on commercially reasonable terms, Swvl would need to find an alternate provider, and may not be able to secure similar terms or replace such providers in an acceptable time frame. While Swvl does not own or operate vehicles, in the event that vehicle manufacturers issue recalls or the supply of vehicles or automotive parts is interrupted, including as a result of public health crises, such as the
COVID-19
pandemic, affecting the vehicles operating on Swvl’s platform, the availability of vehicles on Swvl’s platform could become constrained.
In addition, Swvl’s business may be adversely affected to the extent the software and services used by Swvl’s third-party service providers do not meet expectations, contain errors or vulnerabilities, are compromised or experience outages. Swvl cannot be certain that its licensors are not infringing the intellectual property rights of others or that the suppliers and licensors have sufficient rights to the technology in all jurisdictions in which Swvl may operate. If Swvl is unable to obtain or maintain rights to any of this technology because of intellectual property infringement claims brought by third parties against suppliers, licensors or Swvl itself, or if Swvl is unable to continue to obtain the technology or enter into new agreements on commercially reasonable terms, Swvl’s ability to develop its platform containing that technology could be severely limited and its business could be harmed. If Swvl is unable to obtain necessary technology from third parties, it may be forced to acquire or develop alternate technology, which may require significant time and effort and may be of lower quality or performance standards. This would limit and delay Swvl’s ability to provide new or competitive offerings and increase Swvl’s costs. If alternate technology cannot be obtained or developed, Swvl may not be able to offer certain functionality as part of its offerings, which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Any of these risks could increase Swvl’s costs and adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results. Further, any negative publicity related to any of Swvl’s strategic partners and third-party service providers, including any publicity related to quality standards or safety concerns, could adversely affect Swvl’s reputation and brand, and could potentially lead to increased regulatory or litigation exposure.
If Swvl fails to effectively predict rider demand, to set pricing and routing accordingly or to run routes that are consistent with the availability of drivers using its platform, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl relies on its proprietary technology to predict and dynamically update routing in response to changes in demand, to optimize pricing in response to such demand and to maximize
per-vehicle
Utilization. If Swvl is unable to effectively predict and meet rider demand and to update its routing and pricing accordingly, Swvl may lose ridership and its revenues may decrease. In addition, riders’ price sensitivity varies by geographic location, among other factors, and if Swvl is unable to effectively account for such variability in its pricing methodologies, its ability to compete effectively in these locations could be adversely affected. Swvl’s success also depends, in part, on its ability to match route plans with the availability and preferences of the drivers using its platform. If Swvl is unable to determine and allocate routes in a manner consistent with the availability and preferences of such drivers, drivers may reduce or discontinue their participation on Swvl’s platform and may use competitors’ platforms. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely impact Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
If Swvl is not able to successfully develop new offerings on its platform and enhance its existing offerings, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl’s ability to attract new qualified drivers and new riders, retain existing qualified drivers and existing riders and increase utilization of its offerings will depend in part on its ability to successfully create and introduce new offerings and to improve upon and enhance existing offerings. As a result, Swvl may introduce significant changes to its existing offerings or develop and introduce new and unproven offerings. If any of Swvl’s new or enhanced offerings are unsuccessful, including as a result of any inability to obtain and maintain required permits
 
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or authorizations or other regulatory constraints or because they fail to generate sufficient return on Swvl’s investments, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Furthermore, new driver or rider demands regarding platform features, the availability of superior competitive offerings or a deterioration in the quality of Swvl’s offerings or ability to bring new or enhanced offerings to market quickly and efficiently could negatively affect the attractiveness of Swvl’s platform and the economics of Swvl’s business, requiring it to make substantial changes to and additional investments in its offerings or business model. In addition, Swvl frequently experiments with and tests different offerings and marketing strategies. If these experiments and tests are unsuccessful, or if the offerings and strategies Swvl introduces based on the results of such experiments and tests do not perform as expected, Swvl’s ability to attract new qualified drivers and new riders, retain existing qualified drivers and existing riders and maintain or increase utilization of Swvl’s offerings may be adversely affected.
Swvl’s market is characterized by rapid technology change, particularly across the SaaS and TaaS offerings, which require it to develop new products and product innovations, and any delays in such development could adversely affect market adoption of Swvl’s products and its financial results. Developing and launching new offerings or enhancements to the existing offerings on Swvl’s platform, such as Swvl’s launch of its TaaS offering in 2020 and its anticipated launch of its SaaS offering for use by corporate customers and other third parties, involves significant risks and uncertainties, including risks related to the reception of such offerings by existing and potential future drivers and riders, increases in operational complexity, unanticipated delays or challenges in implementing such offerings or enhancements, increased strain on Swvl’s operational and internal resources (including an impairment of Swvl’s ability to accurately forecast rider demand and the number of drivers using Swvl’s platform) and negative publicity in the event such new or enhanced offerings are perceived to be unsuccessful. Swvl intends to continue to scale its business rapidly, and significant new initiatives have in the past resulted in, and in the future may result in, operational challenges affecting Swvl’s business.
In addition, developing and launching new offerings and enhancements to Swvl’s existing offerings may involve significant
up-front
capital investments. Such investments may not generate a positive return on investment. Further, from time to time Swvl may reevaluate, discontinue and/or reduce these investments and decide to discontinue one or more of its offerings. Any of the foregoing risks and challenges could negatively impact Swvl’s ability to attract and retain qualified drivers and riders, its ability to increase utilization of its offerings and its visibility into expected operating results, and could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results. Additionally, Swvl’s near-term operating results may be impacted by long-term investments in the future.
Swvl may require additional capital to support the growth of its business, which capital may not be available on terms acceptable to it, or at all. To the extent Swvl obtains additional capital through future issuances of Swvl Securities, such issuances could dilute the interests of existing shareholders.
Since commencing operations in 2017, Swvl has funded its operations and capital expenditures primarily through equity issuances, convertible note issuances and cash generated from operations. To support and grow its business, Swvl must have sufficient capital to continue to make significant investments in new and existing offerings (including by continuing to offer discounts and promotions to riders and drivers) and to fund potential acquisitions. The rapid growth of Swvl’s business has increased Swvl’s use of and need for capital, and Swvl may be required to secure additional financing to continue to grow, both organically and inorganically.
On August 10, 2022, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with the Institutional Investor pursuant to which we sold 12,121,214 Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company at a purchase price of $1.65 per Class A Ordinary Share, which purchase price included series A and series B warrants of the Company immediately exercisable upon issuance for one Class A Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $1.65. For further information, see the sections of this prospectus entitled “Recent Developments” and “Operating and Financial Review and
 
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Prospects”. A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners acted as the sole placement agent for the Private Placement and received customary compensation for its services, including the issuance thereto of 121,212 Class A Ordinary Shares.
Swvl expects to use the funds it received in connection with the Business Combination to support and grow its business. Receipt of $10 million of those funds is conditioned on the entry into an investment framework agreement between the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (“EBRD”) and Swvl. As a result, it is possible that receipt of the portion of funds that is conditioned on entry into an investment framework agreement with EBRD may not occur for some time or at all. Pursuant to the EBRD subscription agreement, either Swvl or EBRD may elect to terminate the EBRD subscription agreement because the investment framework agreement was not entered into on or prior to May 25, 2022. As of the date of this prospectus such subscription agreement has not been terminated and negotiations of such agreement between the parties are ongoing. In the interim, Swvl entered into the U.S. Institutional Private Placement described in the immediately preceding paragraph. Any further delay in or failure to enter into such agreement or any other reason may result in Swvl or EBRD electing to terminate the EBRD subscription agreement and Swvl needing to seek additional and alternative sources of financing. Such financing may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. In such case, Swvl may not be able to continue to make investments at the rate necessary to sustain Swvl’s growth.
On March 22, 2022, we entered into an equity line financing pursuant to the Purchase Agreement with B. Riley pursuant to which B. Riley committed to purchase up to $471,742,855 of Class A Ordinary Shares, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The Class A Ordinary Shares that may be issued under the Purchase Agreement may be sold by us to B. Riley at our discretion from time to time over a
24-month
period commencing on July 8, 2022. As of August 10, 2022, we had raised approximately $9.2 million of proceeds from the B. Riley Facility. We may ultimately decide to sell all or some of the additional Class A Ordinary Shares that may be available for us to sell to B. Riley pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price for the shares that we may sell to B. Riley will fluctuate based on the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. Depending on market liquidity at the time, sales of such shares may cause the trading price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to fall. In connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement, we are not permitted to not utilize the B. Riley Facility during the Restricted Period.
Swvl previously disclosed that it expected to utilize approximately $50,000,000 of the B. Riley Facility in the third calendar quarter of 2022, assuming that the requisite conditions to its use were satisfied during such period. Swvl had also disclosed that its actual use of the facility could be higher or lower depending on a number of factors, such as working capital needs, acquisitions, cost of capital and liquidity in its common stock. In light of the approximately $20,000,000 in gross proceeds from the Institutional Investor Private Placement, Swvl has adjusted its previously disclosed estimate of $50,000,000 downwards on a
dollar-for-dollar-basis
to $30,000,000. As of August 10, 2022, Swvl had raised approximately $9.2 million of proceeds from the B. Riley Facility. As a result of the covenant not to utilize the B. Riley Facility during the Restricted Period, Swvl currently believes that some or all of the remaining approximately $20.8 million estimated use of such facility will now occur in the fourth calendar quarter of 2022.
When we do sell shares to B. Riley, after B. Riley has acquired the shares, B. Riley may resell all, some, or none of those shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, our sales to B. Riley could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares to B. Riley, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales. As consideration for B. Riley’s commitment under the Purchase Agreement to purchase our Class A Ordinary Shares, we issued 386,971 Class A Ordinary Shares to B. Riley and such Class A Ordinary Shares are fully earned and
non-refundable,
even in the event we do not sell any Class A Ordinary Shares to B. Riley under the Purchase Agreement.
Swvl may issue additional Swvl Securities in the future. For example, Swvl may issue additional Swvl Securities under an employee incentive plan, in the public market, a private placement or as part of an acquisition
 
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in which the seller receives Swvl Securities as consideration. The issuance of additional Swvl Securities by Swvl may significantly dilute the equity interests of existing Swvl shareholders; could cause a change in control if a substantial number of Swvl Securities are issued, which may adversely affect prevailing market prices for Swvl Securities.
Swvl’s ability to obtain financing in the future will depend upon, among other things, Swvl’s development efforts, business plans and operating performance and the condition of the capital markets at the time Swvl seeks such financing. Additionally,
COVID-19
may impact Swvl’s access to capital and make raising additional capital more difficult or available only on less favorable terms. Swvl cannot be certain that additional financing will be available to it on favorable terms, or at all. If Swvl is unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to it or within the timeframe it requires, its ability to continue to support its business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited, and Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl’s metrics and estimates, including the key metrics included in this prospectus, are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in those metrics may harm Swvl’s reputation and negatively affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl regularly reviews and may adjust its processes for calculating the metrics used to evaluate growth, measure performance and make strategic decisions. These metrics, including Utilization, avoided emissions and driver retention rates, among others, which are calculated using internal company data and have not been evaluated by a third-party. Swvl’s metrics may differ from estimates published by third parties or from similarly titled metrics of Swvl’s competitors due to differences in methodology or the assumptions on which Swvl relies, and Swvl may make material adjustments to its processes for calculating its metrics in order to enhance accuracy, because better information becomes available or for other reasons, which may result in changes to such metrics. The estimates and forecasts Swvl discloses relating to the size and expected growth of Swvl’s addressable market may prove to be inaccurate. Even if the markets in which Swvl competes meet the size estimates and growth Swvl has forecasted, Swvl’s business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. Additionally, while Swvl may at times create and publish metrics or other disclosures regarding environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters, many of the statements in those voluntary disclosures are based on expectations and assumptions that may or may not be representative of current or actual risks or events or forecasts of expected risks or events, including the costs associated therewith. Such expectations and assumptions are necessarily uncertain given the long timelines involved and the lack of an established single approach to identify, measuring, and reporting on many ESG matters. If investors or analysts do not consider Swvl’s metrics to be accurate representations of its business, or if Swvl discovers material inaccuracies in its metrics, then Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl’s marketing efforts to help grow its business may not be effective.
Promoting awareness of Swvl’s offerings is important to Swvl’s ability to grow its business and to attract new qualified drivers and riders and can be costly. Swvl believes that much of the growth in its rider base and the number of drivers using its platform is attributable to its paid marketing initiatives. Swvl’s marketing efforts currently include offline marketing (such as billboard advertisements and
in-person
promotional events), online marketing (such as social media and Internet-driven advertising campaigns), and partnerships with other businesses, through which Swvl offers promotions and other incentives to the customers of such businesses. As Swvl expands its business into new markets, its marketing initiatives may become increasingly expensive, and generating a meaningful return on those initiatives may be difficult. Even if Swvl successfully increases revenue due to its paid marketing efforts, such an increase may not offset the additional marketing expenses Swvl incurs.
If Swvl’s marketing efforts are not successful in promoting awareness of Swvl’s offerings or attracting new qualified drivers, riders, or corporate customers, or if Swvl cannot cost-effectively manage its marketing expenses, Swvl’s operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. If Swvl’s marketing
 
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efforts successfully increase awareness of its offerings, this could also lead to increased public scrutiny of its business and increase the likelihood of third parties bringing legal proceedings against Swvl. Any of the foregoing risks could harm Swvl’s business, financial condition, and operating results.
Any failure to offer high-quality user support may harm Swvl’s relationships with users and could adversely affect Swvl’s reputation, brand, business, financial condition, and operating results.
Swvl’s ability to attract and retain drivers, riders and corporate customers to use its platform depends partly on the ease and reliability of its offerings, including its ability to provide high-quality support. Riders, drivers and other users of Swvl’s platform depend on Swvl’s support services to resolve any issues relating to its offerings, such as issues relating to payments or reporting a safety incident. Swvl’s ability to provide adequate and timely support is dependent on its ability to automate support services for simple issues (such as route inquiries) and, for other issues, to retain and deploy third-party service providers who are qualified to support users and sufficiently knowledgeable regarding Swvl’s offerings. As Swvl continues to grow its business and improve and expand its offerings, it will face challenges in providing quality support services at scale. As Swvl expands its offerings into new territories, it will be required to provide support services specific to its offerings and the needs of users in the applicable market. Furthermore, the
COVID-19
pandemic may impact Swvl’s ability to provide adequate and timely support (such as a decrease in the availability of service providers and an increase in response time). Any failure to provide high-quality user support, or a market perception that Swvl does not offer high-quality support, could adversely affect Swvl’s reputation, brand, business, financial condition and operating results.
Systems failures and resulting interruptions in the availability of Swvl’s website, applications, platform, or offerings could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition, and operating results.
Swvl’s systems, or those of the third parties upon which Swvl relies, may experience service interruptions or degradation because of hardware and software defects or malfunctions, distributed
denial-of-service
and other cyberattacks, human error, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, natural disasters, power losses, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, ransomware, malware or other events. Swvl’s systems may also be subject to
break-ins,
sabotage, theft and intentional acts of vandalism, including by Swvl’s employees. Some of Swvl’s systems are not fully redundant, and Swvl’s disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient for all eventualities. Any business interruption insurance that Swvl obtains in the future may not be adequate to cover all of Swvl’s losses that may result from interruptions in Swvl’s service due to systems failures and similar events.
Swvl may experience system failures and other events or conditions from time to time that interrupt the availability or reduce or affect the speed or functionality of Swvl’s offerings. These events could result in loss of revenue. A prolonged interruption in the availability or reduction in the availability, speed, or other functionality of Swvl’s offerings could adversely affect Swvl’s business and reputation and could result in the loss of users. Moreover, to the extent that any system failure or similar event results in harm to the users using its platform, Swvl may make voluntary payments to compensate for such harm or the affected users could seek monetary recourse or contractual remedies from Swvl for their losses and such claims, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time-consuming and costly for Swvl to address.
Swvl’s business could be adversely impacted by changes in users’ access to the Internet and mobile devices or unfavorable changes in, or Swvl’s failure to comply with, existing or future laws governing the Internet and mobile devices.
Swvl’s business depends on users’ access to its platform via the Internet and mobile devices. Swvl operates in and plans to expand into markets that may have low levels of Internet penetration or provide limited Internet connectivity in some areas. The price of mobile devices and Internet access may limit Swvl’s potential growth in such markets. Internet infrastructure in such markets may not support, and may be disrupted by, continued growth in the number of Internet users, their frequency of use or their bandwidth requirements. Any such failure
 
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in Internet or mobile device accessibility, even for a short period, could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition, or operating results.
Swvl is subject to several laws and regulations specifically governing the Internet and mobile devices that are constantly evolving. Existing and future laws and regulations, or changes thereto, may impede the growth and availability of the Internet and Swvl’s offerings, require Swvl to change its business practices, or raise compliance costs or other costs of doing business. These laws and regulations, which continue to evolve, cover taxation, privacy and data protection, pricing, copyrights, mobile and other communications, advertising practices, consumer protections, online payment services, and the characteristics and quality of offerings, among other things. Any failure, or perceived failure, by Swvl to comply with any of these laws or regulations could result in damage to Swvl’s reputation and brand, a loss of users, and fines or proceedings by governmental agencies, any of which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl relies on mobile operating systems and application marketplaces to make its mobile applications available to the drivers and riders using its platform. If Swvl does not effectively operate with or receive favorable placements within such application marketplaces and maintain high user reviews, Swvl’s usage or brand recognition could decline and Swvl’s business, financial results and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl depends in part on mobile operating systems, such as Android and iOS, and their respective application marketplaces to make its applications available to drivers and riders using its platform. Any changes in such systems and application marketplaces that degrade the functionality of Swvl’s applications or give preferential treatment to competitors’ applications could adversely affect the usage of Swvl’s platform. If such mobile operating systems or application marketplaces limit or prohibit Swvl from making its applications available to drivers and riders, make changes that degrade the functionality of Swvl’s applications, increase the cost of using its applications, impose terms of use unsatisfactory to Swvl or modify their search or ratings algorithms in ways that are detrimental to it, or if the placement of competitors in such mobile operating systems’ application marketplaces is more prominent than the placement of Swvl’s applications, overall growth in Swvl’s rider or driver base could slow. Swvl’s applications have experienced fluctuations in number of downloads in the past, and Swvl anticipates fluctuations in the future. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
As new mobile devices and mobile platforms are released, there is no guarantee that certain mobile devices will continue to support Swvl’s platform or effectively roll out updates to Swvl’s applications. Additionally, Swvl needs to ensure that its offerings are designed to work effectively with a range of mobile technologies, systems, networks, and standards to deliver high-quality applications. Swvl may not be successful in developing or maintaining relationships with key participants in the mobile industry that enhance the experience of drivers and riders. If drivers or riders on Swvl’s platform encounter any difficulty accessing or using Swvl’s applications on their mobile devices, or if Swvl is unable to adapt to changes in popular mobile operating systems, Swvl’s business, financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl depends on the interoperability of its platform across third-party applications and services that Swvl does not control.
Swvl’s platform integrates with various communications, ticketing, payment and social media vendors. As Swvl’s offerings expand and evolve, its platform may have an increasing number of integrations with other third-party applications, products and services. Third-party applications, products, and services are constantly evolving, and Swvl may not be able to maintain or modify its platform to ensure its compatibility with third-party offerings following development changes. In addition, some of Swvl’s competitors or third-parties upon which Swvl relies may take actions that disrupt the interoperability of Swvl’s platform with their products or services or exert strong business influence on Swvl’s ability to operate and distribute its platform or the terms on which it does so. As Swvl’s respective products evolve, Swvl expects the types and levels of competition to increase.
 
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Should any of Swvl’s competitors or other third-parties modify their products, standards or terms of use in a manner that degrades the functionality or performance of Swvl’s platform or is otherwise unsatisfactory to Swvl or gives preferential treatment to competitive products or services, Swvl’s products, platform, business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
If Swvl is unable to make acquisitions and investments or successfully integrate them into its business, or if Swvl enters into strategic transactions that do not achieve its objectives, Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
As part of its business strategy, Swvl may consider various potential strategic transactions, including acquisitions of businesses, new technologies, services and other assets and strategic investments that complement Swvl’s business. As Swvl grows, it also may explore investments in new technologies, which Swvl may develop or other parties may develop. There is no assurance that such acquired businesses will be successfully integrated into Swvl’s business or generate substantial revenue, or that Swvl’s investments in other technologies will generate returns for its business.
Acquisitions involve numerous risks, any of which could harm Swvl’s business and negatively affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results, including:
 
   
intense competition for suitable acquisition targets, which could increase acquisition costs and adversely affect Swvl’s ability to consummate transactions on favorable or acceptable terms;
 
   
failure or material delay in consummating a transaction;
 
   
transaction-related lawsuits or claims;
 
   
Swvl’s ability to successfully obtain indemnification;
 
   
difficulties in integrating the technologies, operations, existing contracts, and personnel of an acquired company;
 
   
difficulties in retaining key employees or business partners of an acquired company;
 
   
diversion of financial and management resources from existing operations or alternative acquisition opportunities;
 
   
failure to realize the anticipated benefits or synergies of a transaction;
 
   
failure to identify the problems, liabilities, or other shortcomings or challenges of an acquired company or technology, including issues related to intellectual property, data privacy, cybersecurity, regulatory compliance practices, litigation, revenue recognition or other accounting practices, or employee or user issues;
 
   
risks that regulatory bodies may enact new laws or promulgate new regulations that are adverse to an acquired company or business;
 
   
theft of Swvl’s trade secrets or confidential information that Swvl shares with potential acquisition candidates;
 
   
risks that an acquired company or investment in new offerings cannibalizes a portion of Swvl’s existing business;
 
   
adverse market reaction to an acquisition; and
 
   
dilution to our shareholders if we issue equity in connection with the acquisition (Swvl currently anticipates that potential future acquisitions are likely to involve equity as some or all of the consideration).
In addition, Swvl may divest businesses or assets or enter into joint ventures, strategic partnerships or other strategic transactions. These types of transactions also present certain risks. For example, Swvl may not achieve
 
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the desired strategic, operational, and financial benefits of a divestiture, partnership, joint venture, or other strategic transaction. Further, during the pendency of a divestiture or the integration or separation process of any strategic transaction, Swvl may be subject to risks related to a decline in business or a loss of employees, customers, or suppliers.
If Swvl fails to address the foregoing risks or other problems encountered in connection with past or future acquisitions of businesses, new technologies, services and other assets, strategic investments or other transactions, or if Swvl fails to integrate such acquisitions or investments successfully, or if it is unable to successfully complete other transactions or such transactions do not meet its strategic objectives, its business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Swvl’s acquisitions of controlling interests in Shotl and Viapool and acquisitions of Volt Lines, door2door and Urbvan may not be beneficial to Swvl as a result of the cost of integrating geographically disparate operations and the diversion of management’s attention from Swvl’s existing business, among other things, and these transactions involve the issuance of equity securities, which dilutes the interests of our existing shareholders. In addition, Swvl may not consummate all acquisitions that it announces.
On August 19, 2021, Swvl announced a definitive agreement to acquire a controlling interest in Shotl, a mass transit platform that partners with municipalities and corporations to provide
on-demand
bus and van services across Europe, South America and the Asia-Pacific region. The transaction closed on November 19, 2021.
On November 16, 2021, Swvl announced a definitive agreement to acquire a controlling interest in Viapool, a mass transit platform currently operating in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Santiago, Chile. The transaction closed on January 14, 2022.
On March 24, 2022, Swvl announced a definitive agreement to acquire a controlling interest in door2door, a high-growth mobility operations platform that partners with municipalities, public transit operators, corporations, and automotive companies to optimize shared mobility solutions across Europe. The transaction closed on June 3, 2022.
On April 25, 2022, Swvl announced a definitive agreement to acquire Volt Lines, a Turkey-based B2B and Transport as a Service mobility business. The acquisition builds on Swvl’s recent acquisitions of controlling stakes in Shotl and Viapool and acquisition of door2door. The Volt Lines transaction closed on May 25, 2022.
On July 11, 2022, Swvl acquired Urbvan, a shared mobility platform that provides tech-enabled transportation services to Latin America’s second largest country by population. The Urbvan transaction was announced and closed on July 11, 2022.
Integration of the Shotl, Viapool, door2door, Volt Lines and Urbvan businesses and operations with Swvl’s existing business and operations will be a complex, time-consuming and costly process, particularly given that the acquisition will significantly diversify the geographic areas in which Swvl operates. Failure to successfully integrate the Shotl, Viapool, door2door, Volt Lines and Urbvan businesses and operations with Swvl’s existing business and operations in a timely manner may have a material adverse effect on Swvl’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Similarly, Swvl’s ongoing acquisition program exposes it to integration risks as well. The difficulties of combining the acquired operations include, among other things:
 
   
failure to realize expected profitability, growth or accretion;
 
   
integrating additional Swvl Business offerings into Swvl’s existing operations;
 
   
coordinating geographically disparate organizations, systems and facilities;
 
   
attracting sufficient platform users in Europe, Brazil, Japan, Argentina and Chile;
 
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operating in several new jurisdictions and municipalities with unique laws and regulations;
 
   
consolidating corporate, technological and administrative functions;
 
   
the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns;
 
   
rider loss from the acquired businesses; and
 
   
potential environmental or regulatory liabilities and title problems.
Certain of the acquisition agreements that we have entered into contain
earn-out
or other provisions that require us to abide by restrictions on the conduct of our business (or of the acquired business) for a period of time during the pendency of the transaction as well as following the completion of the acquisitions contemplated by such agreements. For example, some of these agreements require us to commit certain amounts of capital to such acquired businesses and limit our ability to terminate certain employees, in each case, over specified timeframes.
In addition, Swvl may not realize all of the anticipated benefits from its acquisition of controlling interests in Shotl and Viapool, and acquisitions of Volt Lines, door2door and Urbvan, such as cost savings and revenue enhancements, for various reasons, including the fact that Swvl’s diligence was of a limited scope and performed by third party business consultants (and with respect to Shotl, solely with respect to Shotl’s business in Spain), difficulties integrating operations and personnel, higher costs,
COVID-19
related interruption, unknown liabilities and fluctuations in markets.
The transactions with each of Shotl, Viapool, Volt Lines and door2door involve the issuance by Swvl of equity consideration, which causes dilution to our stockholders. The transaction with Urbvan involved the issuance by Swvl of warrants with a de minimum exercise price, which will cause dilution to our stockholders upon exercise of those warrants. For further information, see the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of Securities”. Assuming maximum issuance of shares pursuant to the earn-outs provided for in the transactions with Shotl, Viapool, Volt Lines, door2door and Urbvan, Swvl will issue an aggregate of 16,537,608 shares of its Class A Ordinary Shares (which equals approximately 12.2% of Swvl’s total outstanding shares of Class A Ordinary Shares as of the date of this prospectus). Swvl expects to register for resale these shares at a future date in accordance with its contractual obligations. The future resale of such shares may cause the market price of Swvl’s shares to drop significantly. Swvl currently anticipates that potential future acquisitions are likely to involve equity as some or all of the acquisition consideration, and are also likely to entail an obligation on Swvl to register such shares for resale.
Many of our publicly announced acquisitions have been, and we anticipate acquisitions we may announce in the future will often be, structured in a manner whereby the consummation of the acquisition is to occur on a date subsequent to announcement of the acquisition. For example, consummation of the acquisition may be subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain closing conditions. Factors arising between announcement of the acquisition and anticipated closing may prevent, delay or otherwise materially adversely affect the completion of such acquisitions. For example, our acquisition of Zeelo did not close in May 2022 as originally expected and on July 29, 2022, we and Zeelo agreed to terminate the transaction. While all
pre-completion
obligations were met, we and Zeelo mutually agreed to terminate the planned transaction as a result of financial market volatility. Please see the section entitled “Recent Developments—Termination of Definitive Agreement to Acquire Zeelo”. The termination of our acquisition of Zeelo or the inability to complete any other acquisition we may announce, or a change in terms of any such transaction, could cause Swvl to fail to realize some or all the benefits that it expected to achieve, and there could also be resulting disputes or reputational harm.
Swvl does not have written contractual arrangements in place with certain of its historically material customers.
Swvl has provided, and continues to provide, TaaS services to certain corporate customers without a written contract governing such arrangement. These
non-contractual
arrangements with TaaS customers made up
 
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approximately 3%, 6%, 7% and 6% of Swvl’s revenue in each of fiscal year 2019, fiscal year 2020, fiscal year 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. While the counterparties have performed under such arrangements without any material disputes, in the event of a dispute, the lack of a written contract could make it particularly difficult for Swvl to enforce its rights under the arrangement, if at all. Swvl is in the process of entering into definitive documentation to govern its relationships with such corporate customers and is setting up internal procedures to ensure that future relationships are governed by written contractual arrangements at the outset. As a result, Swvl expects to be able to reduce the percentage of revenue attributable to TaaS customers without contractual arrangements over time. However, there is no guarantee that existing TaaS customers will agree to enter into definitive documentation, and there are no assurances entry into such definitive documentation would allow Swvl to enforce claims against such counterparties for actions taken prior to entry into such agreements.
Swvl’s business could be adversely affected by natural disasters, public health crises, political crises, economic downturns, or other unexpected events.
A natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire, hurricane, tornado or flood, or significant power outage, could disrupt Swvl’s operations, mobile networks, the Internet or the operations of Swvl’s third-party technology providers. In addition, any public health crises, other epidemics, political crises, such as terrorist attacks, war and other political or social instability, or other catastrophic events could adversely affect Swvl’s operations or the economy as a whole. Moreover, the likelihood of such events may increase as a result of climate change or other systemic impacts. The impact of such events or other disruption to Swvl or its third-party providers’ abilities could result in decreased demand for Swvl’s offerings or a disruption in the provision of Swvl’s offerings, which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results are also subject to general economic conditions in the markets in which it operates. Any deterioration of economic conditions in such markets could lead to, among other things, increased unemployment and decreased consumer spending and commercial activity. As a result, demand for Swvl’s platform by riders and drivers may decline. Swvl cannot predict the timing or duration of any economic slowdown or subsequent economic recovery in the markets in which it operates or intends to operate. An economic downturn resulting in a prolonged recessionary period may adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl’s operations are subject to currency volatility and inflation risk.
The U.S. dollar is Swvl’s presentation currency as a group. Swvl also derives revenues and incurs expenses in other currencies relevant to each country of operations, including Egyptian pounds, Pakistani rupees, and Kenyan shillings. Swvl is therefore subject to foreign currency exchange fluctuations through both translation risk and transaction risk. As a result, Swvl is exposed to the risk that these currencies may appreciate relative to the U.S. dollar or, if such currencies devalue relative to the dollar, that inflation rates may exceed the speed of devaluation, or that the timing of such depreciation may lag behind inflation. The dollar cost of Swvl’s operations would increase in any such event, and Swvl’s dollar-denominated operating results would be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Regulatory, Legal and Tax Factors Affecting Swvl
Swvl has identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting. If for any reason Swvl is unable to remediate these material weaknesses and otherwise to maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting in the future, Swvl’s ability to produce accurate and timely consolidated financial statements may be impaired, which may harm Swvl’s operating results, Swvl’s ability to operate its business or investors’ views of Swvl.
Prior to the Business Combination, Swvl operated as a private company with the size of accounting and financial reporting personnel, and other resources with which to address its internal controls over financial
 
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reporting, being in line with early-stage private companies. In connection with the preparation of its financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, Swvl and its independent registered public accounting firm identified material weaknesses in Swvl’s internal control over financial reporting related to (1) the sufficiency of resources with an appropriate level of technical accounting and SEC reporting experience, (2) a lack of sufficient financial reporting policies and procedures that are commensurate with IFRS and SEC reporting requirements, and (3) the design and operating effectiveness of IT general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of Swvl’s consolidated financial statements.
The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has defined a material weakness as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of Swvl’s financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Swvl has developed and is in the process of implementing a remediation plan to address these control deficiencies, which will address the underlying causes of Swvl’s material weaknesses. As part of Swvl’s remediation plan, Swvl has hired additional qualified personnel within its finance and accounting functions who are experienced in IFRS and SEC reporting, in addition to starting to conduct training for Swvl personnel with respect to IFRS and SEC financial reporting. Swvl is establishing more robust processes to support its internal control over financial reporting, including sufficient financial reporting policies and procedures that are commensurate with IFRS and SEC reporting requirements. Furthermore, with respect to the effectiveness of Swvl’s IT general controls, Swvl is establishing formal processes and controls for information systems that are key to the preparation of its consolidated financial statements, including access and change controls. If these measures are ineffective, Swvl may be unable to remediate these issues in the anticipated timeframe, which may have an adverse effect on Swvl’s operating results, Swvl’s ability to operate its business or investors’ views of Swvl.
While Swvl performed a preliminary evaluation of its internal control over financial reporting, Swvl was not required to perform an evaluation of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act because Swvl was a private company during the applicable evaluation period ending December 31, 2021. Had such an evaluation been performed, additional control deficiencies may have been identified by Swvl, and those control deficiencies may have also represented one or more material weaknesses.
Uncertainties with respect to the legal systems in the jurisdictions in which Swvl operates, including changes in laws and the adoption and interpretation of new laws and regulations, could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
At present, Swvl conducts the majority of its operations in Egypt, Pakistan and Kenya, but it currently operates in over 20 countries. There are, and will likely continue to be, substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which Swvl operates, including the laws and regulations governing Swvl’s business, the enforcement and performance of contractual arrangements and the protection of intellectual property rights. The legal systems in the countries in which Swvl operates may not be as predictable or developed as that of the United States, and in particular, may not have developed laws and regulations relating to the ridesharing industry. As a result, existing laws and regulations may be applied inconsistently and, in certain circumstances, it may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be deemed to violate applicable laws and regulations. There can be no assurance that Swvl’s business will not be found to violate applicable laws or regulations in these jurisdictions in the future.
In addition, the jurisdictions in which Swvl has business operations may in the future enact new laws and regulations relating to the Internet, emissions and other environmental matters associated with ridesharing operations, the ridesharing industry generally and the operation of Swvl’s business, and the interpretation and enforcement of such laws may involve significant uncertainties. New laws and regulations that affect Swvl’s existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.
 
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Swvl is, and may in the future be, required to hold registrations, licenses, permits and approvals in connection with its business operations. New laws and regulations may be adopted from time to time that require Swvl to obtain registrations, licenses, permits and approvals in addition to those Swvl already holds. Swvl does not hold all of the required licenses and registrations for certain jurisdictions where Swvl operates.
In Egypt, Swvl is subject to Law No. 87 of 2018 and the Executive Regulation by Presidential Decree No. 2180 of 2019 (collectively, “Egyptian Ridesharing Laws”). Pursuant to such Egyptian Ridesharing Laws, Swvl—as well as any other land transport service company in Egypt that utilizes information technology—is required to obtain a license issued by Egypt’s Land Transport Regulatory Authority (the “Egyptian LTRA”). While companies were required under the Egyptian Ridesharing Laws to obtain such licenses by December 12, 2018, the Egyptian LTRA was not established until June 11, 2019, and, to Swvl’s knowledge, it has not yet issued a license to any ridesharing company, including Swvl. On December 12, 2019, Swvl submitted an application to the Egyptian LTRA, seeking the required license. If and when the Egyptian LTRA approves Swvl’s license application, Swvl will be required to pay a licensing fee, which will include a fee associated with the application process and a fee for Swvl’s
pre-license
operations in Egypt. As a result of Swvl’s current
non-compliance
with the licensing requirements of the Egyptian Ridesharing Laws, the Egyptian LTRA has imposed monetary fines on drivers using Swvl’s platform, which Swvl expects will continue to be imposed until Swvl’s license application is approved. Swvl has reimbursed, and expects to continue to reimburse, drivers for the costs of such fines, which totaled approximately $190 thousand, $440 thousand, $700 thousand and $310 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.
In Jordan, Swvl has been working with relevant authorities to obtain a license to support its business operations at a larger commercial scale. However, the Land Transport Regulatory Commission (the “LTRC”) of Jordan is currently not accepting any license applications, and, as a result, we cannot predict if or when the LTRC license will be obtained.
Other than ordinary course business permits generally applicable to companies operating in each particular jurisdiction and regulations pertaining to foreign investment (described in further detail below), Swvl does not believe it is required to obtain any other registrations, licenses, permits or approvals to conduct its business as presently conducted in each of the other jurisdictions in which it operates. Swvl further believes that it possesses all such business permits, the failure of which to possess would be material to Swvl’s operations as presently conducted in the jurisdictions in which it operates. However, as regulation of the ridesharing industry in these jurisdictions remains under development, new laws and regulations may be adopted or implemented that could increase or otherwise change the requirements applicable to Swvl. In addition, regulators may interpret existing laws and regulations that were not intended to apply to ridesharing businesses to apply to Swvl or its operations. Further, Swvl may expand its operations in the jurisdictions in which it operates in ways that would require additional licenses. In particular, if Swvl were to expand its operations in Saudi Arabia or Malaysia to include
business-to-consumer
services, which is under evaluation, Swvl would be required to obtain licenses in such jurisdictions. If Swvl fails to obtain any required registrations, licenses, permits or approvals or is otherwise found to be operating its business in a manner that is not compliant with applicable law, Swvl may be subject to fines, revocation of its licenses and permits or other sanctions or be required to discontinue or restrict Swvl’s operations in such jurisdictions. Any such required registrations, licensees, permits and approvals may be difficult for Swvl to obtain. Swvl cannot predict the effect that the interpretation of existing or new laws or regulations may have on Swvl’s business.
In addition, governments in the jurisdictions Swvl operates or intends to operate may restrict or control to varying degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in businesses located or operating in such jurisdictions. Because Swvl is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, Swvl may be deemed to be foreign investors and therefore be subject to such restrictions or controls. As a result, there may be a risk of loss due to, among other things, expropriation, nationalization or confiscation of assets or the imposition of restrictions on repatriation of capital invested, in each case by the governmental or regulatory agencies empowered in such jurisdictions.
 
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While, in some cases, the British Virgin Islands has entered into international investment treaties or agreements designed to encourage and protect investment by BVI persons in foreign jurisdictions, there can be no guarantee that such treaties or agreements will cover the jurisdictions in which Swvl operates in or that such treaties or agreements will be fully implemented or effective. In other cases, Swvl is not able to take advantage of certain treaties because it is a British Virgin Islands company and is therefore exposed to additional risk of such loss.
While Swvl is not aware of any material limitations on foreign investment in the jurisdictions in which it operates, Swvl is required to comply with certain regulations related to such investment. In particular, in Jordan,
non-Jordanian
investors are restricted from wholly owning any project or business venture that involves certain trade, construction or services activities. While Swvl does not intend to engage in any such activities in Jordan, the organizational documents of the entity that currently conducts Swvl’s operations in Jordan erroneously includes certain restricted activities as potential objectives of such entity. Such entity is in the process of amending its organizational documents such that Swvl will be permitted to acquire and hold all of the equity thereof. In addition, in the United Arab Emirates, foreign investors are required to operate via an onshore licensed entity or an onshore branch of a foreign or free zone entity. Swvl has established such an onshore branch and has obtained the requisite licenses and approvals for such branch’s operations. Swvl may become subject to additional limitations and regulations as it expands its operations in the jurisdictions in which it operates and into new jurisdictions, and such limitations and regulations may impair Swvl’s ability to operate effectively in such jurisdictions.
Any of the foregoing or similar occurrences or developments could significantly disrupt Swvl’s business operations and restrict Swvl from conducting a substantial portion of its business operations in these jurisdictions, which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition or operating results.
As Swvl expands its offerings, it may become subject to additional laws and regulations, and any actual or perceived failure by Swvl to comply with such laws and regulations or manage the increased costs associated with such laws and regulations could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition, and operating results.
As Swvl continues to expand its offerings and user base, it may become subject to additional laws and regulations, which may differ or conflict from one jurisdiction to another. Many of these laws and regulations were adopted prior to the advent of Swvl’s industry and related technologies and, as a result, do not contemplate or address the unique issues faced by Swvl’s industry.
Despite Swvl’s efforts to comply with applicable laws, regulations and other obligations relating to its offerings, it is possible that Swvl’s practices, offerings or platform could be inconsistent with, or fail or be alleged to fail to meet all requirements of, such laws, regulations or obligations. Swvl’s failure to comply with such laws, regulations or obligations may result in Swvl being blocked from or limited in providing or operating its products and offerings in such jurisdictions, or it may be required to modify its business model in those or other jurisdictions as a result. Moreover, Swvl’s failure, or the failure by Swvl’s third-party service providers, to comply with applicable laws or regulations or any other obligations relating to Swvl’s offerings, could harm Swvl’s reputation and brand, discourage new and existing drivers and riders from using Swvl’s platform, lead to refunds of rider fares or result in fines or proceedings by governmental agencies or private claims and litigation, any of which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl is subject to various laws relating to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, and countering the financing of terrorism and has operations in certain countries known to experience high levels of corruption. Swvl has not implemented, or has only recently implemented, certain policies and procedures for the operation of its business and compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including policies with respect to anti-bribery and anti-corruption matters and cyber protection.
Swvl is subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, and anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism laws in the jurisdictions in which Swvl does business. Swvl will be subject to such laws in other
 
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jurisdictions in the future, including, for example, the FCPA. These laws generally prohibit Swvl, its employees and agents from improperly influencing government officials or commercial parties to, among other things, obtain or retain business, direct business to any person, or gain any improper advantage. Under applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, Swvl could be held liable for acts of corruption and bribery committed by third-party business partners and service providers, representatives, and agents who acted on Swvl’s behalf.
Swvl has operations in, and has business relationships with, entities in countries known to experience high levels of corruption. Swvl and its third-party business partners, representatives, and agents may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. Swvl is subject to the risk that it could be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party business partners and intermediaries and its and their respective employees, representatives, contractors, and agents, even if Swvl does not authorize such activities. Swvl’s employees from time to time consult or engage in discussions with government officials in the jurisdictions where it operates with respect to potential changes in government policies or laws relating to the mass transit ridesharing industry, which may heighten such anti-corruption-related risks.
In addition, Swvl’s activities in certain countries with high levels of corruption enhance the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by business partners and service providers, employees, or consultants in violation of various anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA, even though the actions of these parties are often outside Swvl’s control. Swvl adopted anti-bribery and anti-corruption policies in September 2020, enhanced its policies in December 2021 and implementation of these policies is ongoing. While these policies are intended to address compliance with such laws, there can be no guarantee that they are or will be fully effective at all times, and Swvl’s employees and agents may take actions in violation of Swvl’s anti-bribery and anti-corruption policies or applicable laws, for which Swvl may be ultimately held responsible. Swvl in the process of reviewing its compliance program to identify areas for enhancements, and Swvl intends to continuously update and improve its compliance program as it expands its operations into new jurisdictions and becomes subject to a larger number of anti-corruption-related laws. However, there remains no guarantee that any such expanded compliance program will be fully effective at all times.
Any violation of applicable anti-bribery, anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, and countering the financing of terrorism laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, harm to Swvl’s reputation and brand, investigations, imposition of significant legal fees, severe criminal or civil sanctions and disgorgement of profits, suspension or loss of required licenses and permits, exit from an important market, substantial diversion of management’s attention, a drop in Swvl’s share price, or other adverse consequences, any or all of which could have a material and adverse effect on Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl may be subject to claims, lawsuits, government investigations and other proceedings that adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl has been subject to claims, lawsuits, government investigations and other legal and regulatory proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including those involving labor and employment, commercial disputes and tax matters. Swvl expects to continue to be subject to claims, lawsuits, government investigations and other legal or regulatory proceedings in the ordinary course of business, which may involve any of the foregoing matters as well as licensing and permits, pricing practices, competition, consumer complaints, personal injury, anti-discrimination, intellectual property disputes and other matters, and Swvl may become subject to additional types of claims, lawsuits, government investigations and other legal or regulatory proceedings as Swvl’s business grows and as Swvl deploys new offerings. Moreover, certain liabilities may be imposed by jurisdictions where Swvl operates, including tax liability, which may subject it to regulatory enforcement procedures if it does not or cannot comply.
The results of any such claims, lawsuits, government investigations or other legal or regulatory proceedings cannot be predicted. Any claims against Swvl, whether meritorious or not, could be time-consuming, result in
 
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costly litigation, harm Swvl’s reputation, require significant management attention and divert substantial resources. It is possible that a resolution of such proceedings could result in substantial damages, settlement costs, fines and penalties that could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results. These proceedings could also result in harm to Swvl’s reputation and brand, sanctions, injunctions or other orders requiring a change in Swvl’s business practices. Any of these consequences could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, Swvl has contractual and other legal obligations to indemnify and to incur legal expenses on behalf of Swvl’s business and commercial partners.
A determination in, or settlement of, any legal proceeding, whether Swvl is a party to such legal proceeding or not, that involves Swvl’s industry could harm Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results. For example, a determination that classifies a driver of a ridesharing platform as an employee, whether Swvl is a party to such determination or not, could cause Swvl to incur significant expenses or require substantial changes to its business model.
In addition, Swvl regularly includes arbitration provisions in Swvl’s Terms of Service with drivers and riders using Swvl’s platform. These provisions are intended to streamline the dispute resolution process for all parties involved, as arbitration can, in some cases, be faster and less costly than litigating disputes in court. However, arbitration may become more expensive, or the volume of arbitration may increase and become burdensome. The use of arbitration provisions may subject Swvl to certain risks to its reputation and brand, as these provisions have been the subject of increasing public scrutiny in certain jurisdictions.
Further, with the potential for conflicting rules regarding the scope and enforceability of arbitration across the jurisdictions in which Swvl operates and may operate in the future, there is a risk that some or all of Swvl’s arbitration provisions could be subject to challenge or may need to be revised to exempt certain categories of protection. If Swvl’s arbitration agreements were found to be unenforceable, in whole or in part, or particular claims are required to be exempted from arbitration, Swvl could experience an increase in its costs to litigate disputes and the time involved in resolving such disputes, and Swvl could face increased exposure to potentially costly lawsuits, each of which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Failure to protect or enforce Swvl’s intellectual property rights could harm Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl’s success is dependent in part upon protecting Swvl’s intellectual property rights and technology (such as code, confidential information, data, processes and other forms of information, knowhow and technology). As Swvl grows, it will continue to develop intellectual property that is important for its existing or future business. Swvl relies on a combination of copyright, trademark, service mark, trade secret,
know-how
and confidential information laws and contractual restrictions to establish and protect Swvl’s intellectual property. However, the steps Swvl takes to protect its intellectual property may not be sufficient and may vary by jurisdiction.
Even if Swvl does detect violations, Swvl may need to engage in litigation to enforce its rights. Any enforcement efforts Swvl undertakes, including litigation, could be time-consuming and expensive and could divert the attention of management. While Swvl takes precautions designed to protect its intellectual property, it may still be possible for competitors and other unauthorized third parties to copy Swvl’s technology, reverse engineer its data and use its proprietary information to create or enhance competing solutions and services, which could adversely affect Swvl’s position in the rapidly evolving and increasingly competitive mass-transit ridesharing industry.
Swvl has not registered any of its intellectual property outside of Egypt. Swvl’s failure to register its brand names or logos in jurisdictions in which it operates could allow competitors to register the same or similar names or logos that confuse potential consumers and/or prevent Swvl from subsequently protecting its names and logos. Some license provisions that protect against unauthorized use, copying, transfer and disclosure of Swvl’s
 
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technology may be unenforceable under the laws of certain countries. The laws of some countries do not provide the same level of protection of intellectual property as the laws of the United States, and adequate intellectual property protection may not be available or may be limited in such countries. Swvl’s intellectual property protection and enforcement strategy is influenced by many considerations, including costs, where Swvl has business operations, where Swvl might have business operations in the future, legal protections available in a specific jurisdiction and/or other strategic considerations. As such, Swvl does not have identical or analogous intellectual property protection in all jurisdictions, which could limit Swvl’s freedom to operate as it expands into new jurisdictions. As Swvl expands its offerings into new jurisdictions, its exposure to unauthorized use, copying, transfer and disclosure of proprietary information will likely increase. Swvl may need to expend additional resources to protect, enforce or defend its intellectual property, which could harm Swvl’s business, financial condition or operating results. Swvl may also need to expend additional resources to understand and analyze the varying protections available in different jurisdictions and whether formal protection for intellectual property, such as rights in software, is available, commercially advisable and/or enforceable.
Swvl enters into confidentiality and intellectual property assignment agreements with employees and contractors and enters into confidentiality agreements with third-party providers and corporate customers. There can be no assurance that these agreements will effectively control access to, and use and distribution of, Swvl’s platform and proprietary information. Further, these agreements do not prevent Swvl’s competitors from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to Swvl’s offerings. Competitors and other third parties may also attempt to reverse engineer Swvl’s data, which would compromise Swvl’s trade secrets and other rights.
Swvl may be required to spend significant resources monitoring and protecting its intellectual property rights, and some violations may be difficult or nearly impossible to detect. Litigation to defend and enforce Swvl’s intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of Swvl’s intellectual property. Swvl’s efforts to enforce its intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of Swvl’s intellectual property rights. Swvl’s inability to protect its intellectual property and proprietary technology against unauthorized copying or use, as well as any costly litigation or diversion of Swvl’s management’s attention and resources, could impair the functionality of Swvl’s platform, delay introductions of enhancements to Swvl’s platform, result in Swvl substituting inferior or more costly technologies into its platform or harm Swvl’s reputation or brand. In addition, Swvl may be required to license additional technology from third parties to develop and market new offerings or platform features, which may not be on commercially reasonable terms and could adversely affect Swvl’s ability to compete.
The ridesharing industry has also been subject to attempts to steal intellectual property. Although Swvl takes measures to protect its property, if it is unable to prevent the theft of its intellectual property or its exploitation, the value of Swvl’s investments may be undermined and Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results may be negatively impacted.
Claims by others that Swvl infringed their proprietary technology or other intellectual property rights could harm Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Companies in the Internet and technology industries are frequently subject to litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. In addition, certain companies and rights holders seek to enforce and monetize patents or other intellectual property rights they own or otherwise obtained. As Swvl’s public profile grows and the number of competitors in Swvl’s markets increases, and as Swvl continues to develop new technologies and intellectual property, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against Swvl may grow. From time to time, third parties may assert claims of infringement of intellectual property rights against Swvl. Swvl does not hold any patents. Competitors of Swvl and others may now and in the future have significantly larger and more mature patent portfolios than Swvl has. In addition, future litigation may involve patent holding companies or other adverse patent owners who have no relevant product or service
 
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revenue and against whom Swvl’s own patents (if and when acquired) may therefore provide little or no deterrence or protection. Many potential litigants, including some of Swvl’s competitors and patent-holding companies, have the ability to dedicate substantial resources to assert their intellectual property rights. Any claim of infringement by a third-party, even those without merit, could cause Swvl to incur substantial costs defending against such claim, could distract management’s attention from the operation of Swvl’s business and could require Swvl to cease its use of certain intellectual property. Furthermore, because intellectual property litigation may involve a substantial amount of discovery, Swvl may risk compromising its own confidential information in the course of any such litigation. Swvl may be required to pay substantial damages, royalties or other fees in connection with a claimant securing a judgment against Swvl, Swvl may be subject to an injunction or other restrictions that prevent Swvl from using or distributing its intellectual property, or Swvl may agree to a settlement that prevents it from distributing its offerings or a portion thereof, which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
With respect to any intellectual property rights claim, Swvl may have to seek out a license to continue operations if found to be in violation of such rights, which may not be available on favorable or commercially reasonable terms and may significantly increase Swvl’s operating expenses. Some licenses may be
non-exclusive,
and therefore Swvl’s competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to Swvl. If a third-party does not offer Swvl a license to its intellectual property on reasonable terms, or at all, Swvl may be required to develop alternative,
non-infringing
technology or other intellectual property, which could require significant time (during which Swvl would be unable to continue to offer Swvl’s affected offerings), effort and expense and may ultimately not be successful. Any of these events could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Changes in laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection or the protection or transfer of personal data, or any actual or perceived failure by Swvl to comply with such laws and regulations or any other obligations relating to privacy, data protection or the protection or transfer of personal data, could adversely affect Swvl’s business.
Swvl receives, transmits and stores a large volume of personally identifiable information and other data relating to the users of Swvl’s platform. Numerous national and international laws, rules and regulations applicable to the jurisdictions in which Swvl operates relate to privacy, data protection and the collection, storing, sharing, use, disclosure and protection of certain types of data. These laws, rules and regulations evolve frequently and their scope may continually change, through new legislation, amendments to existing legislation and changes in enforcement, and may be inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with each other. For example, changes in laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection and information security, particularly any new or modified laws or regulations that require enhanced protection of certain types of data or new obligations with regard to data retention, transfer or disclosure, could greatly increase the cost of providing Swvl’s offerings, require significant changes to Swvl’s operations or even prevent Swvl from providing certain offerings in jurisdictions in which it currently operates and in which it may operate in the future. Further, as Swvl continues to expand its platform offerings and user base, Swvl may become subject to additional privacy-related laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679), which Swvl recently became subject to (please see the section entitled “Risks Related to Regulatory, Legal and Tax Factors Affecting Swvl”). Additionally, Swvl has incurred, and expects to continue to incur, expenses in an effort to comply with privacy, data protection and information security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards or contractual obligations.
Despite Swvl’s efforts to comply with applicable laws, regulations and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection and information security, it is possible that Swvl’s practices, offerings or platform could be inconsistent with, or fail or be alleged to fail to meet all requirements of, such laws, regulations or obligations. Swvl’s failure, or the failure by Swvl’s third-party providers or partners, to comply with applicable laws or regulations or any other obligations relating to privacy, data protection or information security, or any compromise of security that results in unauthorized access to, or use or release of personally identifiable
 
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information or other driver or rider data, or the perception that any of the foregoing types of failure or compromise has occurred, could damage Swvl’s reputation, discourage new and existing drivers and riders from using Swvl’s platform or result in fines or proceedings by governmental agencies and private claims and litigation, any of which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results. Even if not subject to legal challenge, the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may harm Swvl’s reputation and brand and adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl may face particular privacy, data security, and data protection risks if it expands into the European Union or United Kingdom in connection with the GDPR and other data protection regulations.
Upon the consummation of Swvl’s acquisition of a controlling interest in Shotl, Swvl began operating in certain European Union (“EU”) member states and the United Kingdom. Similarly, upon consummation of Swvl’s acquisition of Volt Lines, Swvl began operating in the Netherlands. Expansion into the EU and the United Kingdom or marketing directed to those jurisdictions subjects Swvl and certain personal data it processes to the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) (“GDPR”), supplemented by national laws and further implemented through binding guidance from the European Data Protection Board, which regulates the collection, control, sharing, disclosure, use and other processing of personal data and imposes stringent data protection requirements with significant penalties, and the risk of civil litigation, for noncompliance.
As a result of the Shotl acquisition, Swvl is also subject to the U.K. General Data Protection Regulation (“U.K. GDPR”) (
i.e.
, a version of the GDPR as implemented into U.K. law). Among other requirements, the GDPR regulates transfers of personal data subject to the GDPR to third countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data, including the United States. The enactment of the GDPR also introduced numerous privacy-related changes for companies operating in the EU, including greater control for data subjects (including, for example, the “right to be forgotten”), increased data portability for EU consumers, data breach notification requirements, and increased fines. The GDPR requirements likely apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information between Swvl and its subsidiaries, including employee information.
As of January 2021 (when the transitional period following Brexit expired), there are two parallel regimes with potentially divergent interpretations and enforcement actions for certain violations. The European Commission adopted an adequacy decision for the U.K., which means that certain aspects of data protection law between the U.K. and EU will remain the same. However, because the U.K.’s Information Commissioner’s Office remains the independent supervisory body regarding the U.K. GDPR but will not be the regulator for any activities under the GDPR, there may be increasing divergence in application, interpretation and enforcement of the data protection law as between the U.K. and the European Economic Area.
As of the date of this prospectus, Swvl is in the process of bringing all of its operations (legacy and post-Shotl acquisition) into compliance with the GDPR. However, Swvl’s efforts to bring all of its practices (or those of its collaborators, service providers, and contractors) into compliance with the GDPR may not succeed for a variety of reasons, including due to internal or external factors such as resource allocation limitations or a lack of vendor cooperation. Noncompliance could result in the commencement of legal proceedings against Swvl by governmental and regulatory entities or others. Any inability to adequately address data privacy or security-related concerns, even if unfounded, or to comply with the GDPR or other applicable laws, regulations, standards and other obligations relating to data privacy and security, could result in litigation, breach notification obligations, regulatory or administrative sanctions, additional cost and liability to Swvl, harm to Swvl’s reputation and brand, damage to its relationships with riders, drivers and corporate customers and have an adverse effect on its business, financial condition and operating results. In particular, under the GDPR, fines of up to €20 million or up to 4% of the annual global revenue of the
non-compliant
company, whichever is greater, could be imposed for violations of certain of the GDPR’s requirements. Such penalties are in addition to any civil litigation claims by customers and data subjects.
 
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Swvl’s business would be adversely affected if the drivers using its platform were classified as employees.
The classification status of drivers that operate on ridesharing platforms is the subject of ongoing litigation and debate in multiple countries. Certain global ridesharing businesses are currently involved in legal proceedings in multiple jurisdictions, including putative class and collective action lawsuits, charges and claims before administrative agencies, and investigations or audits by labor, social security, and tax authorities, that claim that drivers using their platforms should be treated as employees (or as workers or quasi-employees where those statuses exist) of such companies, rather than as independent contractors.
Swvl classifies the drivers that use its platform as independent contractors or as employees of third parties in certain of the jurisdictions in which Swvl currently operates. However, in certain of the jurisdictions that Swvl operates, such classifications are based on an interpretation of applicable law, and Swvl’s interpretation may be subject to challenge. In particular, in Egypt, as the Egyptian Ridesharing Laws do not require drivers to be classified as employees, any challenge to Swvl’s determination that drivers are not employees would need to be based on principles of Egyptian labor laws. Under such laws, a person is classified as an employee if he or she works in exchange for a salary for an employer and under the employer’s control and supervision. Thus, in assessing whether drivers should be classified as employees in Egypt, Swvl considers, among other things, the level of direct administration and supervision it has over drivers using its platform.
Similarly, in Pakistan, there is no rigid formula or exhaustive list of criteria for determining whether drivers are employees. Instead, courts in Pakistan have articulated general principles and tests for establishing an employer-employee relationship, including whether the supposed employer has a role in the selection and appointment of, and controls and supervises the work of, the supposed employees. Thus, the proper classification has to be ascertained on a
case-by-case
basis, and courts will take into consideration the facts and circumstances of the engagement. As a result, Swvl itself considers all relevant facts and circumstances, including the level of direct control it exercises over drivers using its platform, in making its determination that such drivers are not employees.
While Swvl believes its classification of drivers as independent contractors in each of the jurisdictions it operates, including in Egypt and Pakistan, is correct, Swvl may in the future be subject to proceedings relating to the classification of drivers using its platform as laws and regulations governing the ridesharing industry, labor and employment develop further (or if interpretations of existing laws and regulations change) and as Swvl expands its business operations in new jurisdictions. Swvl may incur substantial expenses in defending such proceedings. If Swvl is not successful in defending such proceedings, it may be required to pay significant damages to drivers or incur other fines, penalties or sanctions. In addition, if, as a result of legislation or judicial decisions in jurisdictions where the employee-contractor distinction is applicable, Swvl is required to classify drivers as employees in such jurisdictions, Swvl may incur significant additional expenses for compensating drivers or making payments on their behalf, including expenses associated with the application of, as applicable, wage and hour laws (including minimum wage, overtime, and meal and rest period requirements), employee benefits, social security contributions, taxes (direct and indirect), and potential penalties. In such event, Swvl may be required to increase its pricing to offset these additional expenses or to discontinue lower-margin offerings or routes, abandon its efforts to expand into new markets or forego other expenditures, such as marketing or hiring key personnel. As a result, Swvl’s ability to attract new riders and to retain existing riders could be adversely affected and utilization of Swvl’s platform may decrease. Any of the foregoing risks would have an adverse effect on Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl could be subject to claims from riders, drivers or third parties that are harmed whether or not Swvl’s platform is in use, which could adversely affect Swvl’s brand, business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl may be subject to claims, lawsuits, investigations and other legal proceedings relating to injuries to, or deaths of, riders, drivers or third-parties that may be attributed to Swvl through its offerings. Swvl may also be
 
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subject to claims alleging that Swvl is directly or vicariously liable for the acts of the drivers using its platform or for harm related to the actions of drivers, riders, or third parties, or the management and safety of its platform and assets, including in light of the
COVID-19
pandemic and related public health measures issued by various jurisdictions, including travel bans, restrictions, social distancing guidance, and
shelter-in-place
orders. Swvl may also be subject to personal injury claims whether or not such injury actually occurred as a result of activity on its platform. Swvl may incur expenses to settle personal injury claims, which it may choose to settle for reasons including expediency, protection of its reputation and to prevent the uncertainty of litigating, and Swvl expects that such expenses may increase as its business grows and it faces increasing public scrutiny. Regardless of the outcome of any legal proceeding, any injuries to, or deaths of, any riders, drivers or third parties could result in negative publicity and harm to Swvl’s brand, reputation, business, financial condition and operating results. Swvl’s insurance policies and programs may not provide sufficient coverage to adequately mitigate the potential liability Swvl faces, especially where any one incident, or a group of incidents, could cause disproportionate harm, and Swvl may have to pay high premiums or deductibles for its coverage and, for certain situations, Swvl may not be able to secure coverage at all. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
Swvl is subject to changing laws and regulations regarding regulatory matters, corporate governance and public disclosure that have increased, and are likely to continue to increase, both its costs and the risk of
non-compliance.
Swvl is subject to rules and regulations by various governing bodies, including, for example, the SEC, which are charged with the protection of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded, and to new and evolving regulatory measures under applicable law, including the laws of the BVI and the various countries and cities in which it operates. Swvl’s efforts to comply with new and changing laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which it operates have resulted in and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.
Moreover, because these laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations and changes due to the emerging nature of the markets in which Swvl operates, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance becomes available. This evolution may result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and additional costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to Swvl’s disclosure and governance practices. If Swvl fails to address and comply with these regulations and any subsequent changes, they may be subject to penalty and the business may be harmed.
As a result of plans to expand Swvl’s business operations, including to jurisdictions in which tax laws may not be favorable, Swvl’s obligations may change or fluctuate, become significantly more complex or become subject to greater risk of examination by taxing authorities, any of which could adversely affect Swvl’s
after-tax
profitability and financial results.
Because Swvl has significant expansion plans, Swvl’s effective tax rate may fluctuate or increase in the future. Future effective tax rates could be affected, possibly materially, by changes in tax laws or the regulatory environment, the recognition of operating losses in jurisdictions where no tax benefit can be recorded under the applicable method of accounting, changes in the composition of operating income across tax jurisdictions, changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in accounting and tax standards or practices.
Due to the complexity of multinational tax obligations and filings, Swvl may have a heightened risk related to audits or examinations by the relevant taxing authorities. Outcomes from these audits or examinations could have an adverse effect on Swvl’s
after-tax
profitability and financial condition. Additionally, various taxing authorities have increasingly focused attention on intercompany transfer pricing with respect to sales of products and services and the use of intangibles. Taxing authorities could disagree with Swvl’s intercompany charges, cross-jurisdictional transfer pricing or other matters and assess additional taxes. If Swvl does not prevail in any such disagreements, its profitability may be affected.
 
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Swvl’s
after-tax
profitability and financial results may also be adversely affected by changes in the relevant tax laws and tax rates, treaties, regulations, administrative practices and principles, judicial decisions and interpretations thereof, in each case, possibly with retroactive effect.
The Competition Commission of Pakistan (the “CCP”) may challenge the Business Combination or seek financial penalties or behavioral or other remedies, any of which could result in a material adverse effect on Swvl’s business.
SPAC, with the consent of Swvl, initially filed an application with the CCP on January 17, 2022 (the “Application”) for approval to consummate the Business Combination. Approval of the Application by the CCP was a closing condition in the Business Combination Agreement. However, approval of the Application by the CCP was not obtained prior to the vote of the SPAC shareholders. Accordingly, because the SPAC and Swvl did not believe that the Business Combination raised substantive competition considerations in Pakistan, nor did they believe that waiving the related closing condition was likely to result in material adverse consequences, Swvl and SPAC waived this closing condition and, following the satisfaction of all other closing conditions, proceeded with the consummation of the Business Combination.
Swvl continues to believe that the Business Combination does not raise substantive competition considerations in Pakistan, nor does it believe that waiving this closing condition and proceeding with consummation of the Business Combination is likely to result in material adverse consequences. Swvl is continuing its efforts to obtain approval of the Application from the CPP. However, there can be no assurance that the CCP will approve the Application and/or seek financial penalties or behavioral or other remedies, any of which could result in a material adverse effect on Swvl’s business.
Risks Related to Ownership of Swvl’s Class A Ordinary Shares
Swvl may not be able to maintain the listing of its Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq.
Our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq. If we violate Nasdaq listing requirements, our Class A Ordinary Shares may be delisted. If we fail to meet any of Nasdaq’s listing standards, our Class A Ordinary Shares may be delisted. In addition, the Board may determine that the cost of maintaining the listing on a national securities exchange outweighs the benefits of such listing. A delisting of our Class A Ordinary Shares may materially impair shareholders’ ability to buy and sell our Class A Ordinary Shares and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our Class A Ordinary Shares. The delisting of our Class A Ordinary Shares could significantly impair our ability to raise capital and the value of your investment.
The market price of Swvl Class A Ordinary Shares could fluctuate significantly, which could result in substantial losses for purchasers of Swvl Class A Ordinary Shares.
The market price of Swvl Class A Ordinary Shares is affected by the supply and demand for such shares, which may be influenced by numerous factors, many of which are beyond Swvl’s control, including:
 
   
fluctuation in actual or projected operating results;
 
   
failure to meet analysts’ earnings expectations;
 
   
the absence of analyst coverage;
 
   
negative analyst recommendations;
 
   
changes in trading volumes in Swvl Securities;
 
   
changes in Swvl’s shareholder structure;
 
   
changes in macroeconomic conditions;
 
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the activities of competitors;
 
   
changes in the market valuations of comparable companies;
 
   
changes in investor and analyst perception with respect to Swvl’s business or the mass-transit ridesharing industry in general; and
 
   
changes in the statutory framework applicable to Swvl’s business.
As a result, the market price of Swvl Class A Ordinary Shares may be subject to substantial fluctuation.
In addition, general market conditions and fluctuation of share prices and trading volumes could lead to pressure on the market price of Swvl Class A Ordinary Shares, even if there may not be a reason for this based on Swvl’s business performance or earnings outlook. Furthermore, investors in the secondary market may view Swvl’s business more critically than prior or current investors, which could adversely affect the market price of Swvl Class A Ordinary Shares in the secondary market.
If the market price of Swvl Class A Ordinary Shares declines as a result of the realization of any of these or other risks, investors could lose part or all of their investment in Swvl Class A Ordinary Shares.
Additionally, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have sometimes instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the shares. If any of Swvl’s shareholders brought a lawsuit against Swvl, Swvl could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of management from the business, which could significantly harm Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
The securities being offered in this prospectus represent a substantial percentage of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares, and the sales of such securities, together with the sale of the Class A Ordinary Shares and Warrants being offered for resale in the Additional Prospectus, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to decline significantly.
This prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time by the Selling Securityholder of up to 98,573,233 Class A Ordinary Shares, which represent (a) 20,000 remaining Commitment Shares that we issued to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in consideration of its commitment to purchase shares of Class A Ordinary Shares at our election under the Purchase Agreement and (b) 98,553,233 remaining Purchase Shares we may elect in our sole discretion to issue and sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement from time to time after the date of this prospectus. Assuming the issuance of all of the Resale Securities to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement, the Resale Securities would represent approximately 42% of the then-outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares (assuming the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon the achievement of certain stock price thresholds pursuant to the Business Combination are not outstanding, or 41% assuming they are outstanding).
In addition to this prospectus, we have filed the Additional Prospectuses that relates to the offer and sale from time to time by the Additional Sellers of (a) 86,655,440 Class A Ordinary Shares, which includes up to 9,010,567 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable to certain former stockholders of Legacy Swvl as earnout consideration (valued as $10.00 per share at the time of the Business Combination) upon the achievement of certain stock price thresholds for our Class A Ordinary Shares, (b) 5,933,333 Private Placement Warrants, originally issued in a private placement at a cash price of $1.50 per warrant, (c) 11,500,000 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants, which warrants were previously registered and originally issued in the initial public offering of units of Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital, a Cayman Islands exempted company, at a price of $10.00 per unit with each unit consisting of one Class A Ordinary Share and
one-third
of one warrant, (d) 5,933,333 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants, (e) 12,121,214 Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Institutional Investor in connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement, (f) 18,181,821 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable to the Institutional Investor upon
 
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exercise of the Institutional Investor Warrants, which warrants have a cash exercise price of $1.65 and (g) 121,212 Class A Ordinary Shares issued to A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners as partial compensation for its services as placement agent in connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement. The Class A Ordinary Shares described in clause (a) of the prior sentence include (i) 3,516,400 Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the PIPE Investors at a cash price of $10.00 per share, (ii) 8,016,217 Class A Ordinary Shares issued to certain PIPE Investors who effectively
pre-funded
Swvl with the Swvl Exchangeable Notes at an exchange rate of $8.50 per share, $9.10 per share or $9.50 per share, (iii) 8,625,000 Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Sponsor at a cash price of $0.003 per share and (iv) 57,487,256 Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Additional Sellers who were former equityholders of Legacy Swvl as equity merger consideration pursuant to the Business Combination at an equity consideration value of $10.00 per share.
As of the date of this prospectus, the price at which our Class A Ordinary Shares trade is lower than the initial trading price of the shares sold pursuant to the initial public offering of Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital. Despite the differences in the trading price of our securities and the initial trading price of the securities of Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital, certain of the Additional Sellers may be incentivized to sell their shares because they may experience a positive rate of return on the securities they purchased due to the differences in the purchase prices described in the preceding paragraph and the public trading price of our securities. Based on the closing price of our Class A Ordinary Shares of $1.56 as of August 22, 2022, upon the sale of our Class A Ordinary Shares, (a) the PIPE Investors may experience a potential loss of up to $8.44 per share, (b) the PIPE Investors who effectively
pre-funded
Swvl with the Swvl Exchangeable Notes may experience a potential loss of up to $6.94 - $7.94 per share, (c) the Sponsor may experience a potential profit of up to $1.56 per share and (d) the Additional Sellers who were former equityholders of Legacy Swvl may experience a potential loss of up to $8.44 per share. Based on the closing price of our Warrants of $0.0992 as of August 22, 2022, upon the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, the Sponsor may experience a potential loss of up to $1.40 per Private Placement Warrant.
The Class A Ordinary Shares and Warrants being offered for resale in the Additional Prospectuses represent a substantial percentage of the total outstanding shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares as of the date of this prospectus. The outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares being offered in the Additional Prospectuses represent approximately 66% of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares, assuming the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon the achievement of certain stock price thresholds are not outstanding, or 73% assuming they are outstanding. Additionally, if all the Warrants and Institutional Investor Warrants are exercised, the Additional Sellers would own an additional 35,615,154 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares, representing an additional 26.4% of the total outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares.
The sale of the Resale Securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus together with the sale of the securities held by the Additional Sellers, or the perception that these sales could occur, could result in a significant decline in the public trading price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
During the Earnout Period, we may issue up to an aggregate of 15,000,000 additional Class A Ordinary Shares to Eligible Swvl Equityholders in three equal tranches upon the occurrence of each Earnout Triggering Event (i.e. achieving a share price of $12.50 (Triggering Event I), $15.00 (Triggering Event II) and $17.50 (Triggering Event III)) or earlier on Change of Control. A significant decline in the public trading price of our Class A Ordinary Shares could result in no Earnout Triggering Events occurring and no Earnout Shares being issued. If Earnout Shares are issued, the holders thereof may seek to sell some or all of Earnout Shares on or after an Earnout Triggering Event, which sales or perception of potential sales could also depress the market price of our securities.
Future resales of Swvl Securities, including the Resale Securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus, may cause the market price of Swvl’s shares to drop significantly, even if Swvl’s business is doing well.
Sales of a substantial number of Swvl Securities, including the Resale Securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus consisting of (a) 20,000 remaining Commitment Shares that we issued to the Selling
 
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Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in consideration of its commitment to purchase shares of Class A Ordinary Shares at our election under the Purchase Agreement, and (b) 98,553,233 remaining Purchase Shares we may elect in our sole discretion to issue and sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement from time to time after the date of this prospectus., in the public market could occur at any time. Sales of a substantial number of Swvl Securities, including the Resale Securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus, in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our securities and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. Sales of a substantial number of our securities upon any future waivers or expiration of
lock-up
agreements entered into by our shareholders, or the perception that such sales may occur, could have a material and adverse effect on the trading price of our securities. For example, certain
lock-up
restrictions entered into in connection with the Business Combination and subsequently voluntarily extended will expire on March 31, 2023 or September 30, 2023. Sales of a substantial number of Swvl Securities in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could cause the market price of our securities to decline or increase the volatility in the market price of our securities.
Further, we have filed with the SEC a registration statement covering the resale of certain Class A Ordinary Shares issued in connection with the Business Combination, including shares issued pursuant to the private offering of Swvl Securities (the “PIPE Financing”) to certain investors (the “PIPE Investors”). More specifically, that separate registration statement registers (a) 86,655,440 Class A Ordinary Shares and (b) 5,933,333 Private Placement Warrants, together with (1) 11,500,000 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants and (2) 5,933,333 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants. And we have filed with the SEC a registration statement registering (a) the resale of 12,121,214 Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Institutional Investor in connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement, (b) the resale of 121,212 Class A Ordinary Shares issued to A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners as partial compensation for its services as placement agent in connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement and (c) the issuance and resale of up to 18,181,821 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable to the Institutional Investor upon exercise of the Institutional Investor Warrants, which warrants have a cash exercise price of $1.65. Any of these resales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to resell shares, could cause the market price of our securities to decline or increase the volatility in the market price of our securities.
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have agreed not to issue or sell, and the Selling Securityholder has agreed not to purchase or acquire, any Class A Ordinary Shares which, when aggregated with all other Class A Ordinary Shares then beneficially owned by the Selling Securityholder and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and
Rule 13d-3
promulgated thereunder), would result in the beneficial ownership by the Selling Securityholder of more than the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. Notwithstanding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, the Selling Securityholder may sell our Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market at any time, so long as the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part remains effective and this prospectus remains usable and the related purchase agreement with B. Riley has not been terminated. In addition to the Selling Securityholder, certain other shareholders, including the Sponsor, the PIPE Investors and former equity holders of Legacy Swvl, beneficially owning 57% of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares may, subject to any contractual
lock-ups,
sell all of their shares at the same time as the Selling Securityholder. Sales of a substantial number of our shares in the public market, including the number of Resale Securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus (which equals approximately 73% of the total outstanding shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares as of the date of this prospectus, calculated as 98,573,333 Class A Ordinary Shares potentially issuable to the Selling Stockholder, divided by 135,125,061 currently outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares), or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our securities. The frequency of such sales could cause the market price of our securities to decline or increase the volatility in the market price of our securities.
 
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Investor perceptions of risks in developing countries could reduce investor appetite for investments in these countries or for the securities of issuers operating in these countries.
Investing in securities of issuers operating in developing countries generally involves a higher degree of risk than investing in securities of issuers from more developed countries. Economic crises in one or more such countries may reduce overall investor appetite for securities of issuers operating in developing countries generally, even for such issuers that operate outside the regions directly affected by the crises. Past economic crises in developing countries, including in Egypt, have often resulted in significant outflows of international capital and caused issuers operating in developing countries to face higher costs for raising funds, and in some cases have effectively impeded access to international capital markets for extended periods.
Thus, even if the economies of the countries in which Swvl operates remain relatively stable, financial turmoil in any developing market country could have an adverse effect on Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about Swvl’s business, the market price for Swvl Securities and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for Swvl Securities depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about Swvl or its business. If securities or industry analyst coverage results in downgrades of Swvl Securities or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about Swvl’s business, the share price of Swvl Securities would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of Swvl or fail to publish reports on Swvl regularly, Swvl could lose visibility in the financial markets and demand for Swvl Securities could decrease, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for Swvl Securities to decline significantly.
In addition, organizations that provide information to investors on corporate governance and related matters have developed ratings processes for evaluating companies on their approach to ESG matters. Such ratings are used by some investors to inform their investment and voting decisions. Inaccurate or unfavorable ESG ratings could lead to negative investor sentiment towards Swvl, which could have a negative impact on the market price and demand for Swvl Securities, as well as Swvl’s access to and cost of capital.
Swvl may be a “passive foreign investment company,” or “PFIC”, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders.
If Swvl is a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) in which a U.S. Holder (as defined below in the section of this prospectus entitled “Taxation”), holds Class A Ordinary Shares, such U.S. Holder may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences and certain information reporting requirements. U.S. Holders are strongly encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors to determine the application of the PFIC rules to them in their particular circumstances and any resulting tax consequences. Please see the section of this prospectus entitled “Taxation” for a more detailed discussion with respect to the PFIC status of Swvl and the resulting tax consequences to U.S. Holders.
Swvl will incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and its management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices.
As a public company, Swvl incurs significant legal, accounting and other expenses that it did not incur as a private company. For example, Swvl is subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and is required to comply with the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq.
Swvl expects that compliance with these requirements will increase its legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. In addition, Swvl’s management and other
 
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personnel may be required to divert their attention from operational and other business matters to devote substantial time to these public company requirements. In particular, Swvl is incurring significant expenses and devoting substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which will increase further when Swvl is no longer an “emerging growth company” as defined under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) (Please see the section entitled “Swvl is an “emerging growth company”, and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make Swvl Securities less attractive to investors”). As a public company, Swvl has been hiring and is continuing to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge and may need to establish an internal audit function.
Swvl’s management team has limited experience managing a public company, which may result in difficulty adequately operating and growing Swvl’s business.
Swvl’s management team has limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Swvl’s management team may not successfully or efficiently manage their new roles and responsibilities or the transition to being a public company subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under U.S. federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents will require significant attention from Swvl’s senior management and could divert their attention from the
day-to-day
management of Swvl’s business, which could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.
If Swvl fails to establish and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, its ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired, investors may lose confidence in its financial reporting and the trading price of its shares may decline.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, subject to accommodations available to newly public companies and emerging growth companies, a report by management on internal control over financial reporting and an attestation of our independent registered public accounting firm is required. As a newly public company, Swvl has not previously been required to conduct an internal control evaluation and assessment. The rules governing the standards that must be met for management to assess internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation. To comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the requirements of being a reporting company under the Exchange Act and any complex accounting rules in the future, Swvl is in the process of upgrading its information technology systems, implementing additional financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures, and hiring additional accounting and finance staff. If Swvl is unable to hire the additional accounting and finance staff necessary to comply with these requirements, it may need to retain additional outside consultants. Swvl may not be able to effectively and timely implement controls and procedures that adequately respond to the increased regulatory compliance and reporting requirements. If Swvl is not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including if Swvl is unable to maintain proper and effective internal controls, Swvl may not be able to produce timely and accurate financial statements. If Swvl cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, Swvl’s business and results of operations could be harmed, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information and Swvl could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.
In addition, Swvl has identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting and there can be no assurances that there will not be material weaknesses in Swvl’s internal control over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit Swvl’s ability to accurately report its financial condition, operating results or cash flows. If Swvl is unable to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or conclude that its internal control over financial reporting is effective, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of its financial reports, the market price of its securities could decline, and Swvl could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in Swvl’s internal control over financial
 
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reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict Swvl’s future access to the capital markets. In addition, failure to implement adequate internal controls or ensure that books and records accurately reflect transactions could result in criminal and civil fines and penalties under the FCPA, as well as related reputational harm and legal fees in defense of such investigations. Any of the foregoing risks could have an adverse effect on Swvl’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Swvl is an “emerging growth company”, and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make Swvl Securities less attractive to investors.
Swvl is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. As a result, Swvl is taking advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, the ability to furnish two rather than three years of income statements and statements of cash flows in various required filings and not being required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by Swvl’s independent registered public accounting firm. As a result, Swvl’s shareholders may not have access to certain information that they deem important. Swvl could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although Swvl could lose that status sooner if its gross revenue exceeds $1.07 billion, if it issues more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt in a three-year period, or if the fair value of its shares held by
non-affiliates
exceeds $700.0 million (and Swvl has been a public company for at least 12 months and has filed one annual report on Form
20-F).
Swvl cannot predict if investors will find Swvl Securities less attractive if it relies on these exemptions. If some investors find Swvl Securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for the Swvl Securities and its share price may be more volatile.
As a foreign private issuer, Swvl is not subject to U.S. proxy rules and is subject to Exchange Act reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those of a U.S. domestic public company.
Swvl reports under the Exchange Act as a
non-U.S.
company with foreign private issuer status. Because Swvl qualifies as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, Swvl is exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including (1) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act, (2) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time and (3) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form
10-Q
containing unaudited financial and other specified information. In addition, foreign private issuers are not required to file their annual report on Form
20-F
until 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, while U.S. domestic issuers that are accelerated filers are required to file their annual report on Form
10-K
within 75 days after the end of each fiscal year and U.S. domestic issuers that are large accelerated filers are required to file their annual report on Form
10-K
within 60 days after the end of each fiscal year. Foreign private issuers are also exempt from Regulation FD, which is intended to prevent issuers from making selective disclosures of material information. As a result of all of the above, holders of Swvl Securities may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of a company that is not a foreign private issuer.
 
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As a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, Swvl is permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if Swvl complied fully with Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards.
Swvl is subject to Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. However, Nasdaq rules permit a foreign private issuer such as Swvl to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the British Virgin Islands, which is Swvl’s home country, may differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. For instance, Swvl may choose to follow home country practice in lieu of Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards such as:
 
   
have a majority of the board be independent (although all of the members of the audit committee must be independent under the Exchange Act);
 
   
have a compensation committee or a nominating or corporate governance committee consisting entirely of independent directors;
 
   
have regularly scheduled executive sessions for
non-management
directors;
 
   
have annual meetings and director elections; and
 
   
obtain shareholder approval prior to certain issuances (or potential issuances) of securities.
Swvl follows home country practice and is exempt from requirements to obtain shareholder approval for the issuance of 20% or more of its outstanding shares under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d). If, in the future, Swvl chooses to follow other home country practices in lieu of Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards (such as the ones listed above), Swvl’s shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would have under corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. For more information about Swvl’s corporate governance practices, please see the subsection of this prospectus entitled “Management”.
As the rights of shareholders under BVI law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.
Swvl’s corporate affairs are governed by its Articles, the BVI Companies Act and the common law of the BVI. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against Swvl’s directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of directors under BVI law are governed by the BVI Companies Act and the common law of the BVI. The common law of the BVI is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BVI as well as from the common law of England, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the BVI. The rights of Swvl’s shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of Swvl’s directors under BVI law are largely codified in the BVI Companies Act but are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the BVI has a less exhaustive body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law. There is no statutory recognition in the BVI of judgments obtained in the U.S., although the courts of the BVI will in certain circumstances recognize and enforce a
non-penal
judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits. As a result of all of the above, holders of Swvl Securities may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by Swvl’s management, members of the board of directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.
The Articles and the Swvl Shareholders Agreement contain certain provisions, including anti-takeover provisions, that limit the ability of shareholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that shareholders may consider favorable.
The Articles and the shareholders agreement by and among Swvl and certain of its shareholders (the “Swvl Shareholders Agreement”) contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or
 
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preventing an acquisition that shareholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for Swvl Securities, and therefore depress the trading price. These provisions could also make it difficult for shareholders to take certain actions, including electing directors who are not nominated by the incumbent members of the Board or taking other corporate actions, including effecting changes in Swvl’s management, and may inhibit the ability of an acquiror to effect an unsolicited takeover attempt. Such provisions include, among other things:
 
   
a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms;
 
   
the ability of the Board to issue preferred shares and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without shareholder approval;
 
   
the right of Mostafa Kandil to serve as Chair of the Board so long as he remains Chief Executive Officer of Swvl and to serve as a director so long as he beneficially owns at least 1% of the outstanding shares of Swvl and his employment has not been terminated for cause;
 
   
until the completion of Swvl’s third annual meeting of shareholders, commitments by major shareholders to vote in favor of the appointment of Swvl designees to the Board at any shareholder meeting (and, thereafter, to vote in favor of the appointment of Mostafa Kandil or his designee to the Board, subject to specified conditions);
 
   
the limitation of liability of, and the indemnification of and advancement of expenses to, members of the Board;
 
   
advance notice procedures with which shareholders must comply to nominate candidates to the Board or to propose matters to be acted upon at a shareholders’ meeting, which could preclude shareholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings and delay changes in the Board and also may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise from attempting to obtain control of Swvl;
 
   
that directors may be removed only for cause and only upon the vote of
two-thirds
of the directors then in office;
 
   
that shareholders may not act by written consent in lieu of a meeting;
 
   
the right of the Board to fill vacancies created by the expansion of the Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director; and
 
   
that the Articles may be amended only by the Board or by the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of not less than 75% of the votes of the shares of Swvl entitled to vote.
Shareholders may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in the jurisdictions in which Swvl operates based on U.S. or other foreign laws against Swvl, its management or the experts named in this registration statement.
Swvl is a British Virgin Islands company and substantially all of its assets and operations are located outside of the U.S. In addition, most of Swvl’s directors and officers reside outside the U.S. and the substantial majority of their assets are located outside of the U.S. As a result, it may be difficult to effect service of process within the U.S. or elsewhere upon these persons. It may also be difficult to enforce judgments in the jurisdictions in which Swvl operates or British Virgin Islands courts against Swvl and its officers and directors. It may be difficult or impossible to bring an action against Swvl in the British Virgin Islands if you believe your rights under the U.S. securities laws have been infringed. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the British Virgin Islands or jurisdictions in which Swvl operates would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts against Swvl or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S. or any state and it is uncertain whether such British Virgin Islands courts or courts in jurisdictions in which Swvl operates would hear original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands or jurisdictions in which Swvl operates against Swvl or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the U.S. or any state.
 
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Mail sent to Swvl may be delayed.
Mail addressed to Swvl and received at its registered office is forwarded unopened to the forwarding address supplied by Swvl. None of Swvl, its directors, officers, advisors or service providers (including the organization which provides registered office services in the BVI) bears any responsibility for any delay howsoever caused in mail reaching the forwarding address. As a result, shareholder communications sent by mail to Swvl may be delayed.
It may be difficult to enforce judgments obtained in the U.S. in BVI.
There is no statutory enforcement in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the U.S., however, the courts of the British Virgin Islands will in certain circumstances recognize such a foreign judgment and treat it as a cause of action in itself which may be sued upon as a debt at common law so that no retrial of the issues would be necessary, provided that:
 
   
the U.S. court issuing the judgment had jurisdiction in the matter and the company either submitted to such jurisdiction or was resident or carrying on business within such jurisdiction and was duly served with process;
 
   
the judgment is final and for a liquidated sum;
 
   
the judgment given by the U.S. court was not in respect of penalties, taxes, fines or similar fiscal or revenue obligations of the company;
 
   
in obtaining judgment there was no fraud on the part of the person in whose favor judgment was given or on the part of the court;
 
   
recognition or enforcement of the judgment in the British Virgin Islands would not be contrary to public policy; and
 
   
the proceedings pursuant to which judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice.
The British Virgin Islands courts are unlikely:
 
   
to recognize or enforce against Swvl, judgments of courts of the U.S. predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S.; and
 
   
to impose liabilities against Swvl, predicated upon the certain civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S. so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature.
Risks Relating to Shares Sold Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement
It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell under the Purchase Agreement to the Selling Securityholder, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales.
On March 22, 2022, the Company, Legacy Swvl and the Selling Securityholder entered into the Purchase Agreement, as amended on April 6, 2022 and April 14, 2022, pursuant to which the Selling Securityholder has committed to purchase up to $471,742,855 of our Class A Ordinary Shares, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The Class A Ordinary Shares that may be issued under the Purchase Agreement may be sold by us to the Selling Securityholder at our discretion from time to time over the
24-month
period commencing on the Commencement Date.
We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement. Sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares, if any, to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to the Selling Securityholder all, some or none of our Class A Ordinary Shares that may be available for us to sell to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.
 
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Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Securityholder for the Class A Ordinary Shares that we may elect to sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Class A Ordinary Shares at the time we elect to sell shares to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this prospectus and prior to any such sales, the number of Class A Ordinary Shares that we will sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share that the Selling Securityholder will pay for shares purchased from us under the Purchase Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement.
Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $471,742,855 of our Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder, only 98,573,233 Class A Ordinary Shares are being registered under the Securities Act for resale by the Selling Securityholder under this prospectus, which includes 20,000 remaining Commitment Shares issued to the Selling Securityholder and 98,553,233 remaining Purchase Shares issuable pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement more than the 98,573,233 shares being registered for resale under the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part in order to receive a remaining aggregate gross proceeds equal to $462,493,236 under the Purchase Agreement, we must file with the SEC one or more post-effective amendments to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part or additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Securityholder of any such additional Class A Ordinary Shares we wish to sell from time to time under the Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective, in each case before we may elect to sell any additional Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement. Any issuance and sale by us under the Purchase Agreement of a substantial amount of Class A Ordinary Shares in addition to the 98,573,233 Class A Ordinary Shares being registered for resale by the Selling Securityholder under this prospectus could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of Class A Ordinary Shares ultimately offered for sale by the Selling Securityholder is dependent upon the number of Class A Ordinary Shares, if any, we ultimately elect to sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement.
Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of Class A Ordinary Shares sold to the Selling Securityholder. If and when we do elect to sell Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, after the Selling Securityholder has acquired such shares, the Selling Securityholder may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from the Selling Securityholder in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from the Selling Securityholder in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to the Selling Securityholder at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of shares to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with the Selling Securityholder may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales.
 
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COMMITTED EQUITY FINANCING
On March 22, 2022, the Company, Legacy Swvl and the Selling Securityholder entered into an ordinary shares purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement in order to establish a committed equity financing facility for the Company following the consummation of the Business Combination, which subsequently occurred on March 31, 2022. Accordingly, as the intent of each of the parties to such agreements was to establish a source of potential equity financing solely for the post-Business Combination Company, and not for either the Company or Legacy Swvl in the event that the Business Combination was not consummated, and that the Selling Securityholder would commit to purchase, at our direction, only newly issued Class A Ordinary Shares of the post-Business Combination Company that had been approved for listing and were then publicly traded on Nasdaq, both the ordinary shares purchase agreement and the registration rights agreement expressly stated that the effectiveness of such agreements is delayed until (i) the consummation of the Business Combination shall have occurred and (ii) the “Closing” as defined in the ordinary shares purchase agreement occurs, subject to the satisfaction of each of the conditions to Closing set forth in the ordinary shares purchase agreement, provided that such Closing may not occur prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second trading day immediately following the date on which the Business Combination is consummated. Both the ordinary shares purchase agreement and the registration rights agreement further expressly stated that prior to such Closing, the purchase agreement and the registration rights agreement have no force or effect.
The ordinary shares purchase agreement executed on March 22, 2022 further provided that the Selling Securityholder’s maximum aggregate purchase obligation thereunder, or its “Total Commitment” as defined therein, would be such number of Class A Ordinary Shares having an aggregate gross purchase price to the Selling Securityholder equal to $525,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of funds released to the Company on or after the date of consummation of the Business Combination (net of redemptions) from the Trust Account, and that such dollar amount of funds released to the Company from the Trust Account, as well as the resulting “Total Commitment” of the Selling Securityholder under the committed equity facility, each would be specified in an amendment to the ordinary shares purchase agreement and the registration rights agreement prior to the Closing (and prior to the Company’s initial filing of the registration statement that includes this prospectus with the SEC), so that the amount of the Selling Securityholder’s Total Commitment under the committed equity facility would be fixed at the time of the Closing and prior to the initial filing of the registration statement that includes this prospectus with the SEC. The Company determined $525,000,000 to be its desired upper limit to the facility after reviewing its business plan, including its related target capital raise upon consummation of the Business Combination and for the subsequent twenty-four months. More specifically, in addition to cash that had been made available to the Company through the issuance of Swvl Exchangeable Notes ($69,168,000 as of March 22, 2022) and cash that was expected to be funded by the PIPE Investors upon consummation of the Business Combination ($42,332,000 as of March 22, 2022), the Company targeted to raise $345,000,000 (representing the cash on hand in the Trust Account), plus $50,000,000 (representing the Company’s estimate of the Company’s and the SPAC’s cash transaction expenses as a result of the Business Combination), plus $130,000,000 (representing additional growth capital for strategic initiatives including potential future acquisitions). Following discussions between the Company and the Selling Securityholder, the Company and the Selling Securityholder agreed to the maximum aggregate purchase obligation described in this paragraph.
Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination on March 31, 2022, there were no redemptions of SPAC Class A Ordinary Shares and the cash on hand in the Trust Account was $345,000,000, an amount more than required by the Minimum Cash Condition (as defined herein) in the Business Combination Agreement. Upon the consummation of the Business Combination on March 31, 2022, after giving effect to redemptions of 29,175,999 SPAC Class A Ordinary Shares, amounting to $291,853,889.71, the cash on hand in the Trust Account was $53,257,144.90. As a result, B. Riley’s Total Commitment under the ordinary shares purchase agreement was reduced by the cash on hand in the Trust Account as of the effective time of the Business Combination and became fixed at $471,742,855.
 
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Accordingly, as contemplated by the ordinary shares purchase agreement, on April 6, 2022, the Company, Legacy Swvl and the Selling Securityholder entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement and Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Rights Agreement, among other things, to specify that the Selling Securityholder’s Total Commitment under the committed equity facility is $471,742,855 and to modify certain of the defined terms contained therein. Similar to the ordinary shares purchase agreement and the registration rights agreement dated March 22, 2022, each of Amendment No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement and Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Rights Agreement expressly stated that such amendments shall become effective concurrently with the effectiveness of the ordinary shares purchase agreement and the registration rights agreement at the Closing, subject to the satisfaction of each of the conditions to Closing set forth in the ordinary shares purchase agreement, and that such amendments shall have no force or effect prior to the effectiveness of the ordinary shares purchase agreement and the registration rights agreement dated March 22, 2022, concurrently with the effectiveness of such amendments, at the Closing. Thereafter, on April 6, 2022, the Closing under the ordinary shares purchase agreement occurred, at which time each of the ordinary shares purchase agreement, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement, and the registration rights agreement, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Rights Agreement, became effective.
Subsequently, on April 14, 2022, the Company, Legacy Swvl and the Selling Securityholder entered into Amendment No. 2 to the ordinary shares purchase agreement (“Amendment No. 2 to the Purchase Agreement”), primarily to effect certain changes to the pricing mechanics and certain of the procedures relating to the purchases pursuant to which the Company may elect to require the Selling Securityholder to purchase shares of Class A Ordinary Shares from the Company pursuant to the committed equity facility. The ordinary shares purchase agreement dated March 22, 2022, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement on April 6, 2022 and Amendment No. 2 to the Purchase Agreement on April 14, 2022, is referred to in this prospectus as the “Purchase Agreement,” and the registration rights agreement dated March 22, 2022, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Rights Agreement on April 6, 2022, is referred to in this prospectus as the “Registration Rights Agreement.”
As of August 10, 2022, Swvl had raised approximately $9.2 million of proceeds from the B. Riley Facility.
Below is a summary of the terms of the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement, each as so amended prior to the date the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part was initially filed by the Company with the SEC on April 21, 2022.
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, in our sole discretion, to sell to the Selling Securityholder up to a remaining $462,493,236 aggregate principal amount of Class A Ordinary Shares (subject to certain limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement) from time to time during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Sales of Class A Ordinary Shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, are solely at our option, and we are under no obligation to sell any securities to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement. In accordance with our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, we have filed the Initial Registration Statement with the SEC on July 8, 2022 for the registration of 102,939,766 shares, and are filing the post-effective amendment that includes this prospectus updating the Initial Registration Statement to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Securityholder of up to 98,573,233 Class A Ordinary Shares, consisting of (i) 20,000 remaining Commitment Shares that we issued to the Selling Securityholder as consideration for its commitment to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares at our direction upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, and (ii) up to 98,553,233 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares that remain issuable pursuant to the Purchase Agreement that we may elect, in our sole discretion, to issue and sell to the Selling Securityholder, from time to time from and after the date of this prospectus under the Purchase Agreement. We calculated the amount of Class A Ordinary Shares that we may elect to issue and sell to the Selling Securityholder based on the quotient obtained by dividing the $471,742,855 total commitment amount by the average of the high and low trading price of the Class A Ordinary Shares on April 14, 2022 of $4.60 per share.
Subject to the continued satisfaction of conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the
24-month
period commencing on the
 
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Commencement Date, to direct the Selling Securityholder to purchase a specified amount of shares of Class A Ordinary Shares, not to exceed the Maximum Purchase Amount (and subject to certain additional limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement) by timely delivering a Purchase Notices and/or Intraday Purchase Notices to the Selling Securityholder on certain trading days we select as Purchase Dates for such purchase in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement..
Subject to the continued satisfaction of conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, we control the timing and amount of any sales of Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder. Actual sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of our Class A Ordinary Shares and determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for our company and its operations.
We may not issue or sell any Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other Class A Ordinary Shares then beneficially owned by the Selling Securityholder and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule
13d-3
promulgated thereunder), would result in the Selling Securityholder beneficially owning more than the Beneficial Ownership Limitation.
Neither we nor the Selling Securityholder may assign or transfer any of our respective rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement, and no provision of the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement may be modified or waived by the parties.
The net proceeds from sales, if any, under the Purchase Agreement, will depend on the frequency and prices at which we sell Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder. To the extent we sell shares under the Purchase Agreement, we currently plan to use any proceeds therefrom for working capital and general corporate purposes, including to fund acquisitions.
As consideration for the Selling Securityholder’s commitment to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares at our direction upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, we issued 386,971 Commitment Shares to the Selling Securityholder.
The Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in such agreements were made only for purposes of such agreements and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreements and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties.
Purchase of Class A Ordinary Shares Under the Purchase Agreement
Purchases
We have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the
24-month
period commencing on the Commencement Date, to direct the Selling Securityholder to purchase a specified amount of our Class A Ordinary Shares, not to exceed the applicable Maximum Purchase Amount calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement (such specified number of shares to be purchased by the Selling Stockholder in such Purchase, adjusted to the extent necessary to give effect to the applicable Maximum Purchase Amount and certain additional limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the “Purchase Share Amount”), in a Purchase under the Purchase Agreement, by timely delivering a written Purchase Notice to Selling Securityholder, prior to 9:00 a.m., Eastern time, on any trading day we select as the Purchase Date for such Purchase, so long as:
 
   
the closing sale price of our Class A Ordinary Shares on the trading day immediately prior to such Purchase Date is not less than the Threshold Price (subject to adjustment as set forth in the Purchase Agreement); and
 
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all our Class A Ordinary Shares subject to all prior Purchases and prior Intraday Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement have been received by Selling Securityholder prior to the time we deliver such Purchase Notice to Selling Securityholder.
The maximum number of our Class A Ordinary Shares that the Selling Securityholder is required to purchase in any single Purchase under the Purchase Agreement may not exceed the Maximum Purchase Amount applicable to such Purchase, which will be equal to the lesser of:
 
   
50.0% of the Purchase Volume Reference Amount (defined below) applicable to such Purchase; and
 
   
30.0% of the total aggregate number (or “volume”) of our Class A Ordinary Shares traded on the Nasdaq during the applicable Purchase Valuation Period (described below) for such Purchase.
The Purchase Volume Reference Amount for such Purchase is defined as such number of our Class A Ordinary Shares equal to the average daily trading volume of our Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq for the 10 consecutive trading day period, ending on (and including) the trading day immediately preceding the Purchase Date for such Purchase.
The per share purchase price that the Selling Securityholder will be required to pay for the Class A Ordinary Shares in a Purchase effected by us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be determined by reference to the VWAP of our Class A Ordinary Shares for the applicable Purchase Valuation Period on the Purchase Date for such Purchase, which is defined in the Purchase Agreement as the period beginning at the official open (of “commencement”) of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date, and ending at the earliest of:
 
   
The official close of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on such Purchase Date,
 
   
Such time that the total aggregate volume of shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares traded on Nasdaq during such Purchase Valuation Period (calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement) reaches a threshold amount equal to the Purchase Volume Maximum, which will be determined by dividing (i) the applicable Purchase Share Amount for such Purchase by (ii) 0.30; and
 
   
Such time that the trading price of a share of our Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq during the Purchase Valuation Period (calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement) falls below the applicable Minimum Price Threshold specified by us in the Purchase Notice for such Purchase (or a price equal to 75.0% of the closing sale price of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the trading day immediately prior to the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase, if we do not specify a different Minimum Price Threshold for such Purchase in such Purchase Notice),
less a fixed 3.0% discount to the VWAP of the Class A Ordinary Shares for such Purchase Valuation Period (calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement).
Intraday Purchases
In addition to the regular Purchases described above, we have the right, but not the obligation, subject to the continued satisfaction of conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, to direct the Selling Securityholder to purchase in an Intraday Purchase under the Purchase Agreement on any trading day, including the same Purchase Date on which a regular Purchase is effected (if any), a specified amount of Class A Ordinary Shares, not to exceed the applicable Intraday Purchase Maximum Amount calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement (such specified number of shares to be purchased by the Selling Stockholder in such Intraday Purchase, adjusted to the extent necessary to give effect to the applicable Intraday Purchase Maximum Amount and certain additional limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the “Intraday Purchase Share Amount”), by the delivery to the Selling Securityholder of an irrevocable written Intraday Purchase Notice, after 10:00 a.m., Eastern time (and after the Purchase Valuation Period for any earlier regular Purchase effected on the same
 
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Purchase Date as such Intraday Purchase (if any) and the Intraday Purchase Valuation Period for the most recent prior Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date as such Intraday Purchase (if any) have ended), and prior to 1:30 p.m., Eastern time, on such Purchase Date:
 
   
the closing sale price of our Class A Ordinary Shares on the trading day immediately prior to such Purchase Date is not less than the Threshold Price (subject to adjustment as set forth in the Purchase Agreement); and
 
   
all shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares subject to all prior Purchases and prior Intraday Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement have been received by the Selling Securityholder prior to the time we deliver such Intraday Purchase Notice to the Selling Securityholder.
The maximum number of our Class A Ordinary Shares that the Selling Securityholder is required to purchase in any single Intraday Purchase under the Purchase Agreement may not exceed the Intraday Purchase Maximum Amount applicable to such Purchase, which will be equal to the lesser of:
 
   
50.0% of the Purchase Volume Reference Amount applicable to such Intraday Purchase; and
 
   
30.0% of the total aggregate number (or “volume”) of our Class A Ordinary Shares traded on the Nasdaq during the applicable Intraday Purchase Valuation Period (described below) for such Intraday Purchase.
The Purchase Volume Reference Amount for such Intraday Purchase is defined as such number of our Class A Ordinary Shares equal to the average daily trading volume of our Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq for the 10 consecutive trading day period, ending on (and including) the trading day immediately preceding the Purchase Date for such Intraday Purchase.
The per share purchase price that the Selling Securityholder will be required to pay for our Class A Ordinary Shares in an Intraday Purchase effected by us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be calculated in the same manner as in the case of a regular Purchase, except the VWAP used to determine the purchase price for the Class A Ordinary Shares to be purchased in an Intraday Purchase will be equal to the VWAP of our Class A Ordinary Shares for the applicable “Intraday Purchase Valuation Period” on the Purchase Date for such Intraday Purchase, which is defined in the Purchase Agreement as the period during the regular trading session on Nasdaq on such Purchase Date, beginning 30 minutes after the latest of:
 
   
the time that the applicable Intraday Purchase Notice is timely received by the Selling Securityholder,
 
   
the time that the Purchase Valuation Period for any prior regular Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date (if any) has ended, and
 
   
the time that the Intraday Purchase Valuation Period for the most recent prior Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date (if any) has ended,
and ending at the earliest of:
 
   
the official close of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on such Purchase Date,
 
   
such time that the total aggregate number (“volume”) of our Class A Ordinary Shares traded on Nasdaq during such Intraday Purchase Valuation Period (calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement) reaches the Intraday Purchase Volume Maximum for such Intraday Purchase, which will be determined by dividing (i) the applicable Intraday Purchase Share Amount for such Intraday Purchase by (ii) 0.30, and
 
   
such time that the trading price of a share of our Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq during such Intraday Purchase Valuation Period (calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement) falls below the applicable Intraday Minimum Price Threshold specified by us in the Intraday Purchase Notice for such Intraday Purchase Notice ( or a price equal to 75.0% of the closing sale price of the
 
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Class A Ordinary Shares on the trading day immediately prior to the applicable Purchase Date for such Intraday Purchase, if we do not specify a different Minimum Price Threshold for such Purchase in such Purchase Notice),
less a fixed 3.0% discount to the VWAP of the Class A Ordinary Shares for such Intraday Purchase Valuation Period (calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement).
We may, in our sole discretion, timely deliver multiple Intraday Purchase Notices to the Selling Securityholder prior to 1:30 p.m., Eastern time, on a single Purchase Date to effect multiple Intraday Purchases on such same Purchase Date, including the same Purchase Date on which an earlier regular Purchase was effected by us (as applicable), although we are not required to effect an earlier regular Purchase on a Purchase Date in order to effect an Intraday Purchase on such Purchase Date, provided that the Purchase Valuation Period for any such earlier regular Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date as such Intraday Purchase (if any) and the Intraday Purchase Valuation Period for the most recent prior Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date as such Intraday Purchase (if any) have ended prior to 1:30 p.m., Eastern time, on such Purchase Date, so long as all Class A Ordinary Shares subject to all prior Purchases and prior Intraday Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement, including those effected earlier on the same Purchase Date as such Intraday Purchase, have been received by the Selling Securityholder prior to the time we deliver to the Selling Securityholder a new Intraday Purchase Notice to effect an Intraday Purchase on the same Purchase Date as a regular Purchase and/or Intraday Purchase effected by us earlier on such Purchase Date.
The terms and limitations that will apply to each subsequent Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date will be the same as those applicable to any earlier regular Purchase (as applicable) and any earlier Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date as such subsequent Intraday Purchase, and the per share purchase price for the Class A Ordinary Shares that we elect to sell to the Selling Securityholder in each subsequent Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date as an earlier regular Purchase (as applicable) and/or earlier Intraday Purchase effected on such Purchase Date will be calculated in the same manner as in the case of such earlier regular Purchase (as applicable) and such earlier Intraday Purchase(s) effected on the same Purchase Date as such subsequent Intraday Purchase, with the exception that the Intraday Purchase Valuation Period for each subsequent Intraday Purchase will begin and end at different times (and may vary in duration) during the regular trading session on such Purchase Date, in each case as determined in accordance with the Purchase Agreement.
In the case of Purchases and Intraday Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement, if any, all share and dollar amounts used in determining the purchase price for each Class A Ordinary Share to be purchased by the Selling Securityholder in any such Purchase or Intraday Purchase (as applicable), or in determining the applicable maximum purchase share amounts or applicable volume or price threshold amounts in connection with any such Purchase or Intraday Purchase (as applicable), in each case will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, share split, reverse share split or other similar transaction occurring during any period used to calculate such per share purchase price, maximum purchase share amounts or applicable volume or price threshold amounts.
At or prior to 5:30 p.m., Eastern time, on the applicable Purchase Date for a Purchase and/or Intraday, the Selling Securityholder will provide us with a written confirmation for such Purchase and/or Intraday Purchase, if applicable, setting forth the applicable purchase price (both on a per share basis and the total aggregate purchase price) to be paid by the Selling Securityholder for the Class A Ordinary Shares purchased by the Selling Securityholder in such Purchase and/or Intraday Purchase, if applicable.
The payment for, against delivery of, Class A Ordinary Shares purchased by the Selling Securityholder in a Purchase and any Intraday Purchase under the Purchase Agreement will be fully settled within two trading days immediately following the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase and Intraday Purchase, as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.
 
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Conditions to Commencement and Each Purchase
The Selling Securityholder’s obligation to accept Purchase Notices and Intraday Purchase Notices that are timely delivered by us under the Purchase Agreement and to purchase our Class A Ordinary Shares in Purchases and Intraday Purchases under the Purchase Agreement, are subject to (i) the initial satisfaction, at the Commencement, and (ii) the satisfaction, at the applicable Purchase Condition Satisfaction Time (as such terms are defined in the Purchase Agreement) on the applicable Purchase Date or Additional Purchase Date for each Purchase or Additional Purchase, respectively, after the Commencement Date, of the conditions precedent thereto set forth in the Purchase Agreement, all of which are entirely outside of the Selling Securityholder’s control, which conditions include the following:
 
   
the accuracy in all material respects of the representations and warranties of the Company included in the Purchase Agreement;
 
   
the Company having performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Purchase Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company;
 
   
the registration statement that includes this prospectus (and any one or more additional registration statements filed with the SEC that include Class A Ordinary Shares that may be issued and sold by the Company to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement) having been declared effective under the Securities Act by the SEC, and the Selling Securityholder being able to utilize this prospectus (and the prospectus included in any one or more additional registration statements filed with the SEC under the Registration Rights Agreement) to resell all of the Class A Ordinary Shares included in this prospectus (and included in any such additional prospectuses);
 
   
the SEC shall not have issued any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the registration statement that includes this prospectus (or any one or more additional registration statements filed with the SEC that include Class A Ordinary Shares that may be issued and sold by the Company to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement) or prohibiting or suspending the use of this prospectus (or the prospectus included in any one or more additional registration statements filed with the SEC under the Registration Rights Agreement), and the absence of any suspension of qualification or exemption from qualification of the Class A Ordinary Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction;
 
   
there shall not have occurred any event and there shall not exist any condition or state of facts, which makes any statement of a material fact made in the registration statement that includes this prospectus (or in any one or more additional registration statements filed with the SEC that include Class A Ordinary Shares that may be issued and sold by the Company to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement) untrue or which requires the making of any additions to or changes to the statements contained therein in order to state a material fact required by the Securities Act to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements then made therein (in the case of this prospectus or the prospectus included in any one or more additional registration statements filed with the SEC under the Registration Rights Agreement, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading;
 
   
this prospectus, in final form, shall have been filed with the SEC under the Securities Act prior to Commencement, and all reports, schedules, registrations, forms, statements, information and other documents required to have been filed by the Company with the SEC pursuant to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act shall have been filed with the SEC;
 
   
trading in the Class A Ordinary Shares shall not have been suspended by the SEC or the Nasdaq, the Company shall not have received any final and nonappealable notice that the listing or quotation of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq shall be terminated on a date certain (unless, prior to such date, the Class A Ordinary Shares are listed or quoted on any other Eligible Market, as such term is defined in the Purchase Agreement), and there shall be no suspension of, or restriction on, accepting additional deposits of the Class A Ordinary Shares, electronic trading or book-entry services by The Depository Trust Company with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares;
 
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the Company shall have complied with all applicable federal, state and local governmental laws, rules, regulations and ordinances in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement;
 
   
the absence of any statute, regulation, order, decree, writ, ruling or injunction by any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction which prohibits the consummation of or that would materially modify or delay any of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement;
 
   
the absence of any action, suit or proceeding before any arbitrator or any court or governmental authority seeking to restrain, prevent or change the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement, or seeking material damages in connection with such transactions;
 
   
all of the Class A Ordinary Shares that may be issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement shall have been approved for listing or quotation on Nasdaq (or if the Class A Ordinary Shares is not then listed on Nasdaq, on any Eligible Market), subject only to notice of issuance;
 
   
no condition, occurrence, state of facts or event constituting a Material Adverse Effect (as such term is defined in the Purchase Agreement) shall have occurred and be continuing;
 
   
the absence of any bankruptcy proceeding against the Company commenced by a third party, and the Company shall not have commenced a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding, consented to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary bankruptcy case, consented to the appointment of a custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property in any bankruptcy proceeding, or made a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; and
 
   
the receipt by the Selling Securityholder of the legal opinions and negative assurances, and bring-down legal opinions and negative assurances as required under the Purchase Agreement.
Termination of the Purchase Agreement
Unless earlier terminated as provided in the Purchase Agreement, the Purchase Agreement will terminate automatically on the earliest to occur of:
 
   
the first day of the month next following the
24-month
anniversary of the Commencement Date;
 
   
the date on which the Selling Securityholder shall have purchased Class A Ordinary Shares under the Purchase Agreement for an aggregate gross purchase price equal to $471,742,855;
 
   
the date on which the Class A Ordinary Shares shall have failed to be listed or quoted on Nasdaq or any other Eligible Market;
 
   
the 30th trading day after the date on which a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy proceeding involving our company has been commenced that is not discharged or dismissed prior to such trading day; and
 
   
the date on which the Company commences a voluntary bankruptcy case or any third party commences a bankruptcy proceeding against the Company, a custodian is appointed for the Company in a bankruptcy proceeding for all or substantially all of its property, or the Company makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors.
We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after Commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon five trading days’ prior written notice to the Selling Securityholder. We and the Selling Securityholder may also agree to terminate the Purchase Agreement by mutual written consent. In any case, no termination of the Purchase Agreement will be effective during the pendency of any Purchase that has not then fully settled in accordance with the Purchase Agreement.
 
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The Selling Securityholder also has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement upon five (5) trading days’ prior written notice to us, but only upon the occurrence of certain events, including:
 
   
the occurrence of a Material Adverse Effect (as such term is defined in the Purchase Agreement);
 
   
the occurrence of a Fundamental Transaction (as such term defined in the Purchase Agreement) involving our company;
 
   
if we are in breach or default in any material respect of any of our covenants and agreements in the Purchase Agreement or in the Registration Rights Agreement, and, if such breach or default is capable of being cured, such breach or default is not cured within ten trading days after notice of such breach or default is delivered to us;
 
   
the effectiveness of the registration statement that includes this prospectus or any additional registration statement we file with the SEC pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement lapses for any reason (including the issuance of a stop order by the SEC), or this prospectus or the prospectus included in any additional registration statement we file with the SEC pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement otherwise becomes unavailable to the Selling Securityholder for the resale of all of the Class A Ordinary Shares included therein, and such lapse or unavailability continues for a period of forty consecutive trading days or for more than an aggregate of ninety trading days in any
365-day
period, other than due to acts of the Selling Securityholder; or
 
   
trading in the Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq (or if the Class A Ordinary Shares are then listed on an Eligible Market, trading in the Class A Ordinary Shares on such Eligible Market) has been suspended for a period of three consecutive trading days.
No termination of the Purchase Agreement by us or by the Selling Securityholder will become effective prior to the second trading day immediately following the date on which any pending Purchase has been fully settled in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement, and will not affect any of our respective rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement with respect to any pending Purchase, and both we and the Selling Securityholder have agreed to complete our respective obligations with respect to any such pending Purchase under the Purchase Agreement. Furthermore, no termination of the Purchase Agreement will affect the Registration Rights Agreement, which will survive any termination of the Purchase Agreement.
No Short-Selling or Hedging by the Selling Securityholder
The Selling Securityholder has agreed that none of the Selling Securityholder, its sole member, any of their respective officers, or any entity managed or controlled by the Selling Securityholder or its sole member will engage in or effect, directly or indirectly, for its own account or for the account of any other of such persons or entities, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of our Class A Ordinary Shares or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to our Class A Ordinary Shares, during the term of the Purchase Agreement.
Prohibition of Other Variable Rate Transactions and Similar Continuous Equity Offerings
Subject to specified exceptions included in the Purchase Agreement, we are prohibited (with certain specified exceptions) from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect certain “Variable Rate Transactions” (as defined in the Purchase Agreement), which include issuances of shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares or securities exercisable, exchangeable or convertible into shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares issued or issuable at a future-determined price or a price that varies or floats based on the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares, including an “equity line” with a third party, or any similar continuous offering of our equity securities.
 
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Effect of Sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares under the Purchase Agreement on our Shareholders
All Class A Ordinary Shares that may be issued or sold by us to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement that are being registered under the Securities Act for resale by the Selling Securityholder in this offering are expected to be freely tradable. The Class A Ordinary Shares being registered for resale in this offering may be issued and sold by us to the Selling Securityholder from time to time at our discretion over a period of up to 24 months commencing on the Commencement Date. The resale by the Selling Securityholder of a significant amount of shares registered for resale in this offering at any given time, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to decline and to be highly volatile. Sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares, if any, to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to the Selling Securityholder all, some or none of the Class A Ordinary Shares that may be available for us to sell to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.
If and when we do elect to sell Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, after the Selling Securityholder has acquired such shares, the Selling Securityholder may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from the Selling Securityholder in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from the Selling Securityholder in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to the Selling Securityholder at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of shares to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with the Selling Securityholder may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales.
Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Securityholder for Class A Ordinary Shares that we may elect to sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Class A Ordinary Shares during the applicable Purchase Valuation Period for each Purchase made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, as of the date of this prospectus it is not possible for us to predict the number of Class A Ordinary Shares that we will sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement, the actual purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Securityholder for those shares, or the actual gross proceeds to be raised by us from those sales, if any. As of August 22, 2022, there were 135,125,061 Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding, of which 62,072,105 Class A Ordinary Shares were held by
non-affiliates.
Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may, in our discretion, from time to time after the date of this prospectus and during the term of the Purchase Agreement, direct the Selling Securityholder to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares from us in one or more Purchases under the Purchase Agreement, for a maximum aggregate purchase price of up to a remaining $462,493,236, only 98,573,233 Class A Ordinary Shares (20,000 of which represent the remaining Commitment Shares we issued to the Selling Securityholder upon signing the Purchase Agreement as payment of a commitment fee for the Selling Securityholder’s obligation to purchase our Class A Ordinary Shares under the Purchase Agreement and 98,553,233 represent the remaining Purchase Shares issuable under the Purchase Agreement) are being registered for resale under the registration statement that includes this prospectus. If all of the 98,573,233 Class A Ordinary Shares offered for resale by the Selling Securityholder under this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of August 22, 2022, such shares would represent approximately 42% of the total number of our Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding and approximately 62% of the total number of outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares held by
non-affiliates,
in each case as of August 22, 2022. Assuming all of such 102,552,795 shares registered under the Initial Registration Statement were sold to the Selling Securityholder at the 3% discount to the per share price of $4.60 (which represents the average of the high and low sale price of our Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq as of April 14, 2022), such number of shares would be insufficient to enable us to receive aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of such shares to the Selling Securityholder equal to the Selling Securityholder’s $471,742,855 total aggregate purchase commitment under the Purchase Agreement. However, because the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares may fluctuate from time to time after the date of this prospectus and, as a result, the actual purchase prices to be
 
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paid by the Selling Securityholder for Class A Ordinary Shares that we direct it to purchase under the Purchase Agreement, if any, also may fluctuate because they will be based on such fluctuating market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares, it is possible that we may need to issue and sell more than the number of shares being registered for resale under this prospectus to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the Selling Securityholder’s $471,742,855 total aggregate purchase commitment under the Purchase Agreement.
If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement more shares than are being registered for resale under this prospectus in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to $471,742,855 under the Purchase Agreement, we must first file with the SEC one or more amendments to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part or additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Securityholder of any such additional Class A Ordinary Shares we wish to sell from time to time under the Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective, in each case before we may elect to sell any additional Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement. The number of Class A Ordinary Shares ultimately offered for sale by the Selling Securityholder is dependent upon the number of Class A Ordinary Shares, if any, we ultimately sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement.
The number of Class A Ordinary Shares ultimately offered for resale by the Selling Securityholder through this prospectus is dependent upon the number of Class A Ordinary Shares, if any, we elect to sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement from and after the Commencement Date. The issuance of our Class A Ordinary Shares, if any, we elect to sell to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will not affect the rights or privileges of our existing shareholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing shareholders will be diluted. Although the number of Class A Ordinary Shares that our existing shareholders own will not decrease, the Class A Ordinary Shares owned by our existing shareholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares after any such issuance and sale of Class A Ordinary Shares by the Company to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.
The following table sets forth the amount of gross proceeds (including the $9,249,619 aggregate gross proceeds that we have received from sales of Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder as of the date of this prospectus) we would receive from the Selling Securityholder from our sale of shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement at varying purchase prices:
 
Assumed Average Purchase
Price Per Share
 
Number of Registered Shares
to be Issued if Full
Purchase (1)
   
Percentage of Outstanding
Shares After Giving Effect to
the Issuance to the Selling
Securityholder (2)
   
Gross Proceeds from the Sale
of Shares to the Selling
Securityholder Under the
Purchase Agreement
 
$1.50
    102,552,795       43   $ 153,829,192  
$2.00
    102,552,795       43   $ 205,105,530  
$3.00
    102,552,795       43   $ 298,428,633  
$4.00
    102,552,795       43   $ 397,904,844  
$5.00
    94,348,571       41   $ 471,742,855  
 
(1)
Does not include the 386,971 Commitment Shares that we issued to the Selling Securityholder as consideration for its commitment to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares under the Agreement. Includes the 3,999,562 Class A Ordinary Shares sold to the Selling Securityholder as of the date of this prospectus, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The number of Class A Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus may not cover all the shares we ultimately sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement, depending on the purchase price per share. We have included in this column only those shares being offered for resale by the Selling Securityholder under this prospectus (excluding the 386,971 Commitment Shares), without regard for the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The assumed average purchase prices are solely for illustration and are not intended to be estimates or predictions of future share performance.
(2)
The denominator is based on 135,125,061 shares outstanding as of August 22, 2022 (which includes the 386,971 Commitment Shares we issued to the Selling Securityholder on April 6, 2022 and the 3,999,562
 
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  Class A Ordinary Shares sold to the Selling Securityholder as of the date of this prospectus, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement), adjusted to include the issuance of the number of shares set forth in the second column that we would have sold to the Selling Securityholder, assuming the average purchase price in the first column. The numerator is based on the number of Class A Ordinary Share set forth in the second column.
 
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CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS
The following table sets forth the capitalization of the Company as of June 30, 2022.
The information in this table should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto and other financial information included in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our expected results for any future periods.
 
    
As of June 30, 2022
 
    
(U.S. Dollars in
millions)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  
$
19.3
 
Debt:
  
Loans and borrowings
(non-current)
   $ 1.7  
Loans and borrowings (current)
   $ 0.7  
Total indebtedness
  
$
2.7
 
  
 
 
 
Total Class A Ordinary Shares and Shareholders’ equity / (net deficit)
  
$
(25.5
  
 
 
 
Total capitalization
  
$
(22.8
  
 
 
 
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation
S-X,
Pro Forma Financial Information, as amended by the final rule, Release
No. 33-10786
“Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses”, and presents the combination of the historical financial information of SPAC and Legacy Swvl adjusted to give effect to the Business Combination, which was consummated on March 31, 2022, including other events in connection with the Business Combination as summarized below. For purposes of this section entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”, unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, “Swvl” refers to Swvl Holdings Corp, and capitalized terms used in this section but not defined elsewhere in this prospectus have the meanings ascribed to them in our Registration Statement on Form
F-4,
which was filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 combines the historical audited consolidated statement of operations of SPAC for the year ended December 31, 2021 and unaudited financial information of SPAC for the period commencing January 1, 2022 and ending March 30, 2022 (the SPAC Merger Effective Time occurring on March 30, 2022, with no financial statements of SPAC existing after December 31, 2021) and the historical audited consolidated statement of operations of Swvl Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2021 and historical unaudited consolidated statement of operations of Swvl Holdings Corp for the six month period ended June 30, 2022, in each case on a pro forma basis as if the Business Combination, including the other events in connection with the Business Combination, as summarized below, had been consummated on January 1, 2021.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information was derived from and should be read in conjunction with the following historical financial statements and the accompanying notes:
 
   
the historical audited consolidated financial statements of SPAC as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 included herein;
 
   
the recast historical audited consolidated financial statements of Swvl Holdings Corp as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 included herein; and
 
   
the historical unaudited consolidated financial statements of Swvl Holdings Corp as of and for the six month period ended June 30, 2022.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the financial position and results of operations that would have been achieved had the Business Combination and related transactions occurred on the dates indicated. Further, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information may not be useful in predicting the future financial condition and results of operations of Holdings. The actual financial position and results of operations may differ significantly from the pro forma amounts reflected herein due to a variety of factors.
The unaudited pro forma adjustments represent management’s estimates based on information available as of the preparation date of the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and are subject to change as additional information becomes available and analysis is performed. This information should be read together with Swvl’s and SPAC’s historical financial statements and related notes thereto, as applicable, and the section of this prospectus entitled “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”.
Description of the Business Combination
On July 28, 2021, SPAC, Swvl, Holdings, Cayman Merger Sub and BVI Merger Sub entered into the Business Combination Agreement, which subsequently closed on March 31, 2022. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, and subject to the terms and conditions contained therein, the Business Combination
 
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was effected in four steps: (a) in accordance with the Cayman Companies Act at the SPAC Merger Effective Time, SPAC merged with and into Cayman Merger Sub, with Cayman Merger Sub surviving the SPAC Merger and becoming the sole owner of BVI Merger Sub; (b) concurrently with the consummation of the SPAC Merger, and subject to the BVI Companies Act, Holdings redeemed each Holdings Common Share A and each Holdings Common Share B issued and outstanding immediately prior to the SPAC Merger for par value, (c) following the SPAC Merger and subject to the Cayman Companies Act and the BVI Companies Act, the SPAC Surviving Company distributed all of the issued and outstanding BVI Merger Sub Common Shares to Holdings, and (d) following the BVI Merger Sub Distribution, BVI Merger Sub merged with and into Swvl, with Swvl surviving the Company Merger as a wholly owned Subsidiary of Holdings.
The following are the key steps within the Business Combination:
SPAC Merger
At the SPAC Merger Effective Time, which occurred on March 30, 2022, one business day prior to the Company Merger:
 
   
by virtue of the SPAC Merger and without any action on the part of SPAC, Cayman Merger Sub, BVI Merger Sub, Swvl, Holdings or the holders of any of the following securities:
 
   
each then-outstanding Cayman Merger Sub Common Share was automatically converted into one share of the SPAC Surviving Company, which constitutes the only outstanding shares of the SPAC Surviving Company;
 
   
each then-outstanding SPAC Class A Ordinary Share was automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive one Holdings Common Share A; and
 
   
each then-outstanding SPAC Class B Ordinary Share was automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive one Holdings Common Share B.
 
   
each then-outstanding fraction of or whole SPAC Warrant was automatically assumed and converted into a fraction or whole Holdings Warrant, as the case may be, to acquire (in the case of a whole Holdings Warrant) one Holdings Common Share A, subject to the same terms and conditions (including exercisability terms) as were applicable to the corresponding former SPAC Warrants; and
 
   
without duplication of the foregoing, each then-outstanding SPAC Unit, comprised of one SPAC Class A Ordinary Share
and one-third of
one SPAC Warrant, was automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into a new Holdings Unit, comprised of one Holdings Common Share A
and one-third of
one Holdings Warrant.
Company Merger
At the Company Merger Effective Time on March 31, 2022:
 
   
by virtue of the Company Merger and without any action on the part of Cayman Merger Sub, BVI Merger Sub, Swvl, Holdings or the holders of any of the following securities:
 
   
each then-outstanding BVI Merger Sub Common Share was automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into one share no par value in the Swvl Surviving Company, which constitutes the only issued and outstanding shares of the Swvl Surviving Company;
 
   
all Swvl Shares held in the treasury of Swvl were automatically cancelled and extinguished, and no consideration was delivered in exchange therefor; and
 
   
each then-outstanding Swvl Share was automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive a number of Holdings Common Shares A equal to the Exchange Ratio and upon an Earnout Triggering Event (or the date on which a Change of Control occurs), the
 
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Per Share Earnout Consideration (with any fractional share to which any holder of Swvl Shares would otherwise be entitled rounded down to the nearest whole share), in each case, without interest;
 
   
each then-outstanding and unexercised Swvl Option, whether or not vested, was assumed and converted into (i) an Exchanged Option and (ii) a number of Earnout RSUs in respect of a number of Earnout RSU Shares that will be issued in settlement of Earnout RSUs, as described in the section entitled “Earnouts” below, equal to the number of Swvl Common Shares B subject to such Swvl Option (assuming payment in cash of the exercise price of such Swvl Option) immediately prior to the Company Merger Effective Time multiplied by the Per Share Earnout Consideration;
 
   
the Swvl Convertible Notes, other than any Swvl Exchangeable Notes, were converted into the right to receive Holdings Common Shares A as if such Swvl Convertible Notes had first converted into Swvl Common Shares A in accordance with their terms immediately prior to the Company Merger Effective Time and immediately thereafter each such Swvl Common Share A was cancelled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive a number of Holdings Common Shares A equal to the Exchange Ratio;
 
   
each Swvl Exchangeable Note was exchanged for a number of Holdings Common Shares A at an exchange price of $8.50 per share (or, (1) with respect to the $20.0 million Swvl Exchangeable Note issued on January 12, 2022 and the $1.0 million Swvl Exchangeable Note issued to R Capital, LLC on January 31, 2022, $9.10 per share and (2) with respect to the $1.8 million Swvl Exchangeable Note and $0.9 million Swvl Exchangeable Note issued on March 22, 2022 and the $2.7 million Swvl Exchangeable Note issued on March 23, 2022, $9.50 per share);
 
   
in accordance with the Holdings A&R Articles, each then-outstanding Holdings Common Share B was converted, on
a one-for-one basis,
into one Holdings Common Share A; and
 
   
pursuant to their terms, the Holdings Common Shares A and the Holdings Warrants comprising each existing and outstanding Holdings Unit immediately prior to the Company Merger Effective Time were automatically separated in accordance with the Holdings A&R Articles.
Concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, SPAC, Holdings and in some cases, Swvl entered into the Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements with the Initial PIPE Investors, pursuant to which the Initial PIPE Investors agreed to subscribe for and purchase, and Holdings agreed to sell to the Initial PIPE Investors in a private placement at the Company Merger Effective Time, Holdings Common Shares A for a purchase price of $10.00 per share, representing an aggregate purchase price of $100 million.
On August 25, 2021, certain Initial PIPE Investors
effectively pre-funded Swvl
with $35.5 million of the aggregate subscription commitments by purchasing the Initial Swvl Exchangeable Notes. At the Company Merger Effective Time, the Initial Swvl Exchangeable Notes were automatically exchanged for Holdings Common Shares A at an exchange Price of $8.50 per share. Upon the issuance of the Initial Swvl Exchangeable Notes, the amount of each applicable Initial PIPE Investor’s subscription was
reduced dollar-for-dollar by
the aggregate purchase price of such Initial PIPE Investor’s Initial Swvl Exchangeable Notes. On January 12, 2022, an Initial PIPE Investor affiliated with Agility purchased $20.0 million of Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes,
effectively pre-funding the
remainder of its subscription commitment. Such Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes were automatically exchanged for Holdings Common Shares A at an exchange price of $9.10 per share. Upon the issuance of such Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes, such Initial PIPE Investor’s subscription was reduced by $20.0 million, resulting in the termination of such subscription.
As a result of the issuance of the Initial Swvl Exchangeable Notes and the Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes, the amount of additional funding actually received from the Initial PIPE Investors at the Company Merger Effective Time was reduced to $44.5 million which was further impacted by Additional PIPE Subscription Agreements as described below
 
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Following the issuance of the Initial Swvl Exchangeable Notes and prior to the issuance of the Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes described above, Swvl also issued $10.0 million of Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes, at an exchange price of $8.50 per share. On January 31, 2022, Swvl issued $1.0 million of Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes at an exchange price of $9.10 per share. The issuance of such Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes did not reduce the existing subscription commitments of any PIPE Investors. Furthermore, between March 22, 2022 and March 23, 2022, certain Initial PIPE investors purchased Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes for an aggregate purchase price of $5.3 million, equal to their remaining aggregate subscription commitment. Upon the issuance of such Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes, these Initial PIPE Investors’ subscription commitments were collectively reduced by $5.3 million, resulting in the termination of their subscriptions and reducing the funding actually received from the Initial PIPE Investors at the Company Merger Effective Time by $5.3 million. These Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes were automatically exchanged for Holdings Common Shares A at an exchange price of $9.50 per share at the Company Merger Effective Time.
In aggregate, Swvl issued $35.5 million of Initial Swvl Exchangeable Notes at $8.50 per share, $10.0 million of Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes at $8.50 per share, $21.0 million of Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes at an exchange price of $9.10 per share and $5.3 million of Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes at an exchange price of $9.50 per share in advance of the Company Merger. In aggregate, the funding received from the issue of Initial Swvl Exchangeable Notes and Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes in advance of the Company Merger Effective Time amounted to approximately $71.8 million.
Since November 15, 2021, SPAC and Holdings also entered into Additional PIPE Subscription Agreements with Additional PIPE Investors, pursuant to which the Additional PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, and Holdings agreed to sell to the Additional PIPE Investors in a private placement, Holdings Common Shares A for a purchase price of $10.00 per share, representing an aggregate purchase price of $10.5 million, of which $0.5 million was received by Holdings at the Company Merger Effective Time. In aggregate, the funding received from the Initial PIPE Investors and Additional PIPE investors at the Company Merger Effective Time amounted to $39.7 million which excludes the EBRD subscription agreement, as discussed below.
While the terms of the Additional PIPE Subscription Agreements were substantially similar to the Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements, one Additional PIPE Subscription Agreement contained terms that vary as described below.
Under the terms of the Additional PIPE Subscription Agreement between EBRD, SPAC and Holdings, representing an aggregate purchase price of $10.0 million, EBRD’s commitment to acquire Holdings Common Shares A is subject to an additional condition that Holdings and EBRD first enter into an investment framework agreement, pursuant to which Holdings will agree to comply with certain institutional requirements of EBRD, including social and environmental policies and practices, certain corporate governance and compliance matters and use of proceeds (the “Additional EBRD Condition”). Holdings expects such agreement to be generally consistent with other similar agreements previously executed between EBRD and other companies and include, among other things, a requirement to: (1) maintain procedures designed to prevent money laundering, terrorism financing, fraud or other corrupt or illegal purposes, (2) implement a contractor and supplier management system to assess and monitor environmental and social risks, (3) conduct a gender based violence and harassment risk assessment related to business operations in Egypt, (4) conduct awareness training among management, workers and contractors, (5) establish an internal worker grievance procedure, (6) appoint key account managers to monitor the health and safety performance of partner drivers / captains, (7) use the proceeds from the subscription agreement exclusively for the purpose of operating expenditures, marketing expenses and client acquisition costs relating to Swvl’s business in Egypt, (8) comply with other compliance measures and (9) furnish information to EBRD in connection with the foregoing matters.
Further, EBRD is permitted to terminate its Additional PIPE Subscription Agreement if the Board of Governors of EBRD determines that access by Egypt to EBRD’s resources should be suspended or otherwise
 
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modified. This termination right is a result of the nature of EBRD’s organization and governing documents. EBRD is an international financial institution formed by an international multilateral treaty and is owned by 71 countries. Under the agreement establishing EBRD, the Board of Governors of EBRD has the authority to decide that access to EBRD’s funds to a particular country should be suspended or otherwise modified in cases where such country might be implementing policies inconsistent with EBRD’s mandate. EBRD has advised Holdings that it is accordingly a standard provision of EBRD financing agreements to include a termination right similar to the right included in the Additional PIPE Subscription Agreement with EBRD.
Because the Additional EBRD Condition was not satisfied prior to the Company Merger Effective Time, EBRD has not purchased $10.0 million of Holdings Common Shares A at the Company Merger Effective Time pursuant to the EBRD subscription agreement. Pursuant to the EBRD subscription agreement, either Swvl or EBRD may each elect to terminate the EBRD subscription agreement because the investment framework agreement was not entered into on or prior to May 25, 2022. In the interim, Swvl entered into the U.S. Institutional Private Placement described elsewhere in this prospectus. Any further delay in or failure to enter into such agreement or any other reason may result in Swvl or EBRD electing to terminate the EBRD subscription agreement and Swvl needing to seek additional and alternative sources of financing.
The aggregate number of Holdings Common Shares A issued in connection with the PIPE Subscription Agreements, Initial Swvl Exchangeable Notes and Additional Swvl Exchangeable Notes as of the Closing Date, was 12,188,711.
Therefore, as a result of the Business Combination, Swvl Shareholders, SPAC Public Shareholders and the PIPE Investors received Holdings Common Shares A as per the table included below under “Basis of Pro Forma Presentation”, in addition to the 17,433,333 Holdings Warrants that were issued to the holders of SPAC Public Warrants and SPAC Private Placement Warrants.
Furthermore, section 8.03(f) of the Business Combination Agreement (the “Minimum Cash Condition”) provides that the obligation of Swvl to consummate the Business Combination is conditioned on SPAC and Holdings collectively having cash on hand equal to or in excess of $185.0 million after consummation of the PIPE Financing and after the distribution of the funds in the Trust Account (and deducting all amounts to be paid pursuant to the exercise of redemption rights of SPAC Public Shareholders) and without taking into account (i) any transaction fees, costs and expenses paid or required to be paid (including Swvl Expenses and SPAC Expenses) in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement and the PIPE Financing or (ii) any cash held by Swvl or any of Swvl’s Subsidiaries. As of the Closing Date after taking into account the redemption of 29,175,999 SPAC Class A Ordinary Shares, the cash on hand is less than Minimum Cash Condition. However, Swvl waived the Minimum Cash Condition and proceeded with the consummation of the Business Combination.
Earnouts
During the Earnout Period, Holdings may issue up to an aggregate of 15,000,000 additional Holdings Common Shares A to Eligible Swvl Equityholders in three equal tranches upon the occurrence of each Earnout Triggering Event (or earlier on Change of Control). The portion of such Holdings Common Shares A issuable to Eligible Swvl Equityholders who hold Swvl Options were instead issued to such holders as Earnout RSUs at the Company Merger Effective Time, which will be subject to potential forfeiture and which will be able to be settled in Holdings Common Shares A upon the occurrence of the applicable Earnout Triggering Events (or earlier Change of Control). Please see Note 34.4 to Swvl’s historical audited consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information.
Anticipated Accounting Treatment
The Business Combination is accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, SPAC is treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the Business
 
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Combination is treated as the equivalent of Swvl issuing shares at the closing of the Business Combination for the net assets of SPAC as of the date of closing of the Business Combination, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of SPAC are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.
Swvl has been determined to be the accounting acquirer based on the following:
 
   
Swvl’s shareholders have the largest voting interest in Holdings as described below under “Basis of Pro Forma Presentation”;
 
   
Swvl has the ability to nominate the majority of the members of the board of directors of Holdings;
 
   
The prior senior management of Swvl constitutes the senior management of Holdings;
 
   
The business of Swvl comprises the ongoing operations of Holdings; and
 
   
Swvl is the larger entity, both in terms of substantive operations and number of employees.
The Business Combination is not within the scope of IFRS 3,
 Business Combinations
 (“IFRS 3”) because SPAC does not meet the definition of a business in accordance with IFRS 3. Rather, the Business Combination is accounted for within the scope of IFRS 2,
 Share-based Payment
 (“IFRS 2”). Any excess of fair value of equity in Holdings issued to participating shareholders of SPAC over the fair value of SPAC’s identifiable net assets acquired represents compensation for the service of a stock exchange listing, which is expensed as incurred. The fair value of Holdings equity, and ultimately the expense recognized in accordance with IFRS 2, may differ materially from the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information, due to developments occurring prior to the date of consummation of the Business Combination.
The PIPE Subscription Agreements related to the PIPE Financing resulted in the issuance of Holdings Common Shares A, leading to an increase in share capital and share premium along with a corresponding increase in cash and cash equivalents reflecting the PIPE Funds.
Basis of Pro Forma Presentation
Pursuant to SPAC’s existing charter, SPAC Public Shareholders were offered the opportunity to redeem, upon closing of the Business Combination, SPAC Class A Ordinary Shares held by them for cash equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount on deposit in the Trust Account. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements reflect the actual redemption of 29,175,999 shares of SPAC Class A Ordinary Shares at approximately $10.00 per share.
Upon closing, the ownership of Holdings is as follows:
 
Shareholders
  
Ownership in
shares
    
Ownership %
 
Swvl Shareholders (1)
     92,358,389        78
SPAC Public Shareholders
     5,324,001        5
Sponsor (2)
     8,625,000        7
PIPE Investors
     12,188,711        10
Grand Total
     118,496,101        100
 
1)
The shareholding of Swvl excludes the impact of shares issuable under the earnout arrangement. In aggregate, a maximum of 15,000,000 Holdings Common Shares A are issuable to Eligible Swvl Equityholders upon the occurrence of Earnout Triggering Events (i.e. achieving a share price of $12.50 (Triggering Event I), $15.00 (Triggering Event II) and $17.50 (Triggering Event III)) or earlier upon the Change of Control. Furthermore this number of shares also includes cash exercise of the Swvl Options by the Swvl Option Holders against which they are entitled to receive Holdings Common Shares A.
2)
Consists of 8,625,000 of Holdings Common Shares A acquired by the Sponsor as holder of SPAC Class B Ordinary Shares in connection with the Business Combination.
 
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The pro forma book value per share as of December 31, 2021, assuming the share ownership amounts above, are as follows:
 
     (in thousands,
except per
share data)
 
Total equity
   $ 191,486  
Book value per share
   $ 1.60  
Net asset increase from exercise of warrants
(1)
   $ 200,483  
Resulting net assets
   $ 391,969  
Increased number of shares
(2)
     135,929  
Implied book value per share
(3)
  
 
2.88
 
 
(1)
The net assets after the exercise of warrants are calculated as (i) net assets prior to the exercise of warrants; plus (ii) increase to the net assets resulting from the inflow of cash from the exercise of a total of 17,433,333 warrants including 11,500,000 SPAC Public Warrants and 5,933,333 SPAC Private Placement Warrants at an exercise price of $11.50 per share.
(2)
This reflects the total number of outstanding shares including the shares issued upon the exercise of the SPAC Public Warrants and SPAC Private Placement Warrants.
(3)
Book value per share equals net assets after exercise of the SPAC Public Warrants and SPAC Private Placement Warrants divided by total shares outstanding including the shares issued upon the exercise of SPAC Public Warrants and SPAC Private Placement Warrants.
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021
(in USD thousands)
 
    
Swvl (IFRS)
   
Queen’s Gambit (US

GAAP)
   
Transaction

Accounting

Adjustments
   
TM
    
Pro forma
 
Revenue
     38,345       —         —            38,345  
Cost of sales
     (48,923     —         —            (48,923
Gross loss
  
 
(10,578
    —         —         
 
(10,578
General and administrative expenses
     (74,719     (9,537     (19,305  
 
AA
 
     (281,156
         (139,609  
 
BB
 
  
         (29,258  
 
CC
 
  
         (8,728  
 
FF
 
  
General and administrative expense—related party
     —         (200     —            (200
Selling and marketing costs
     (13,715     —         (7,314  
 
CC
 
     (23,211
         (2,182  
 
FF
 
  
Provision for expected credit losses
     (1,327     —         —            (1,327
Other expenses, net
     (177     —         —            (177
Operating loss
  
 
(100,516
 
 
(9,737
 
 
(206,396
    
 
(316,649
Finance income
     182       —         —            182  
Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities
     —         (8,856     —            (8,856
Financing costs—derivative warrant liabilities
     —         (488     —            (488
Loss on issuance of private placement warrants
     —         (6,052     —            (6,052
Interest Income
     —         —         —            —    
Income from investments held in the Trust Account
     —         92       (92  
 
EE
 
     —    
Finance cost
     (45,873       45,737    
 
DD
 
     (136
Loss before tax
  
 
(146,207
 
 
(25,041
 
 
(160,751
    
 
(331,999
Income tax benefit
     4,718       —         —            4,718  
Loss for the year
  
 
(141,489
 
 
(25,041
 
 
(160,751
    
 
(327,281
Loss per share attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company
           
Basic
     (1.52         
Diluted
     (1.52         
Weighted average shares outstanding (in thousands)
              118,496  
Net (loss) per share ($) (Basic and diluted)
           
 
(2.76
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2022
(in USD thousands)
 
    
Swvl (IFRS)
   
Queen’s Gambit (US

GAAP)
   
Transaction

Accounting

Adjustments
   
TM
    
Pro forma
 
Revenue
     40,740       —         —            40,740  
Cost of sales
     (49,315     —         —            (49,315
Gross loss
  
 
(8,575
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
    
 
(8,575
General and administrative expenses
     (51,272     (19,289     19,289    
 
GG
 
  
 
(51,272
Selling and marketing costs
     (12,207     —         —            (12,207
Provision for expected credit losses
     (2,194     —         —            (2,194
Hyperinflation adjustment
     2,638       —         —            2,638  
Other expenses
     (231     —         —            (231
Other income
     529       —         —            529  
Operating loss
  
 
(71,312
 
 
(19,289
 
 
19,289
 
    
 
(71,312
Change in fair value of financial liabilities
     62,325       (1,674     1,674    
 
HH
 
     62,325  
Recapitalization cost
     (139,609     —         139,609    
 
II
 
     —    
Impairment of financial assets
     (10,001     —         —            (10,001
Finance income
     79       —         —            79  
Finance cost
     (3,725     —         439    
 
JJ
 
     (3,286
Loss before tax
  
 
(162,243
 
 
(20,963
 
 
161,011
 
    
 
(22,195
Income tax benefit
     624       —         —            624  
Loss for the year
  
 
(161,619
 
 
(25,041
 
 
(161,011
    
 
(21,571
Loss per share attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company
           
Basic
     (1.52         
Diluted
     (1.52         
Weighted average shares outstanding (in thousands)
              118,883  
Net (loss) per share ($) (Basic and diluted)
           
 
(0.15
 
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
1.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 combines the historical audited consolidated statement of operations of SPAC for the year ended December 31, 2021 and unaudited financial information of SPAC for the period commencing January 1, 2022 and ending March 30, 2022 (the SPAC Merger Effective Time occurring on March 30, 2022, with no financial statements of SPAC existing after December 31, 2021) and the historical audited consolidated statement of operations of Swvl Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2021 and historical unaudited consolidated statement of operations of Swvl Holdings Corp for the six month period ended June 30, 2022, in each case on a pro forma basis as if the Business Combination, including the other events in connection with the Business Combination, as summarized below, had been consummated on January 1, 2021.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information was derived from and should be read in conjunction with the following historical financial statements and the accompanying notes:
 
   
the historical audited consolidated financial statements of SPAC as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 included herein;
 
   
the historical audited consolidated financial statements of Swvl Inc. as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 included herein; and
 
   
the historical unaudited consolidated financial statements of Swvl Holdings Corp as of and for the six month period ended June 30, 2022.
The historical financial statements of Swvl have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. The historical financial statements of SPAC have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP. The historical financial information of SPAC has been adjusted to give effect to the differences between US GAAP and IFRS for the purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information. The presentation and reporting currency of both Swvl and SPAC is the US Dollar.
The adjustments presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information have been identified and presented to provide relevant information necessary for an accurate understanding of Holdings after giving effect to the Business Combination and related transactions.
Management has made significant estimates and assumptions in its determination of the pro forma adjustments based on information available as of the date of this filing. As the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared based on these preliminary estimates, the final amounts recorded may differ materially from the information presented as additional information becomes available. Adjustments in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information, which are described in the accompanying notes, may be revised as additional information becomes available and is evaluated. Therefore, it is likely that the actual adjustments will differ from the pro forma adjustments and it is possible the difference may be material. The Company believes that its assumptions and methodologies provide a reasonable basis for presenting all of the significant effects of the Business Combination based on information available to management at this time and that the pro forma adjustments give appropriate effect to those assumptions and are properly applied in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations and financial position would have been had the Business Combination and related transactions taken place on the dates indicated, nor are they indicative of the future consolidated results of operations or financial position of the post-combination company. They should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements and notes thereto of Swvl and SPAC.
 
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2.
IFRS Policy and Presentation Alignment
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information includes an adjustment to the historical financial information of SPAC to give effect to the differences between US GAAP and IFRS. The adjustment reclassifies SPAC Class A Ordinary Shares, subject to redemption from equity under US GAAP
to non-current financial
liabilities under IFRS.
 
3.
Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information
Transaction Accounting Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations
The transaction accounting adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 are as follows:
 
AA)
Reflects the transaction costs of approximately $19.3 million to be expensed and incurred by Swvl and SPAC, as part of the Business Combination, as described in (J), which are reflected entirely in the year ended December 31, 2021 in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations, the earliest period presented.
 
BB)
Represents approximately $139.6 million in accordance with IFRS 2 as discussed in adjustment H above, for the difference between the fair value of Holdings Common Shares A and the fair value of SPAC’s identifiable net assets (including the SPAC Public Warrants and SPAC Private Placement Warrants) after taking into account the impact of the earnout arrangement. These costs are a nonrecurring item.
 
CC)
Reflects the accelerated vesting amounting to $36.6 million associated with the Exchanged Options, assuming an exercise date of January 1, 2021, as described in (I).
 
DD)
Reflects the reversal of interest on Swvl Convertible Notes accrued for the year ended December 31, 2021 amounting to $1.4 million and the reversal of loss recognised upon the recognition of derivative liability amounting to $44.3 million.
 
EE)
Reflects the reversal of interest income earned on the Trust Account balance by SPAC for the year ended December 31, 2021 amounting to $92 thousand.
 
FF)
Reflects the incremental employee share reserve scheme measured as of the Closing Date for the portion of the Earnout Shares issuable to Swvl Option Holders who have a continuing employment requirement, and assuming no forfeitures. The earnout awards are considered compensation received in connection with the closing of the Merger.
The transaction accounting adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 are as follows:
 
GG)
Reflects the revesal of expenses incurred by SPAC in connection with the Merger costs, assuming these should be part of pro forma statement of operations for the same period the Merger was closed.
 
HH)
Reflects the revesal of changes in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities prior to the closing of the Merger. This portion of change in fair value was considered in the pro forma statement of operations for the year ended 31 Deceember 2021.
 
II)
Reflects the reversal of recapitalization costs related to the closing of the Merger in accordance with IFRS 2, which represents the the difference between the fair value of Holdings Common Shares A and the fair value of SPAC’s identifiable net assets. Assuming the Merger had been consummated on January 1, 2021, this cost will not be part of the pro forma statmement of operations for the six month period ended 30 June 2022.
 
JJ)
Reflects the reversal of finance cost related to accrued interest on convertible notes. The convertible notes and all the related accrued interest are converted into equity at the date of Merger closing.
 
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4.
Net loss per share
Represents the net loss per share calculated using the historical weighted average shares outstanding, and the issuance of additional shares in connection with the Business Combination and related transactions, assuming the shares were outstanding since January 1, 2021.
As the Business Combination and related transactions are being reflected as if they had occurred on January 1, 2021, the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted net loss per share assumes that the shares issued in connection with the Business Combination have been outstanding for the entire period presented. As Swvl Holdings was in a net loss under both scenarios for the year ended December 31, 2021 and for the six months ended June 30, 2022, giving effect to outstanding SPAC Public Warrants and SPAC Private Placement Warrants was not considered in the calculation of diluted net loss per share, since the inclusion of such SPAC Public Warrants and SPAC Private Placement Warrants would be anti-dilutive.
The 15,000,000 Earnout Shares are subject to certain share price targets such that they are not determined to be participating securities at issuance, and are not included in the calculation of pro forma EPS for the year ended December 31, 2021 or the six months ended June 30, 2022.
 
In thousands, except per share data
  
For the year
ended
December 31,
2021
    
For the
Six Months
Ended
June 30, 2022
 
Net loss per share
     
Pro forma net loss
     (327,281      (17,475
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted)
     118,496        118,883  
Net loss per share (basic and diluted
  
 
(2.76
  
 
(0.15
Swvl Shareholders
     92,358        92,358  
SPAC Public Shareholders
     5,324        5,324  
Sponsor
     8,625        8,625  
PIPE Investors
     12,189        12,189  
B. Riley Principal
            387  
Total weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted)
  
 
118,496
 
  
 
118,883
 
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may become involved in actions, claims, suits, and other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, including assertions by third parties relating to intellectual property infringement, breaches of contract or warranties or employment-related matters. We are not currently a party to any actions, claims, suits or other legal proceedings the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, would individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Dividends and Distributions
We have never declared or paid any dividends on our Class A Ordinary Shares and presently do not expect to declare or pay such dividends in the foreseeable future and expect to reinvest all undistributed earnings to expand our operations, which we believe would be of the most benefit to our shareholders. The declaration of dividends, if any, will be subject to the discretion of our board of directors, which may consider such factors as our results of operations, financial condition, capital needs and acquisition strategy, among others.
 
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USE OF PROCEEDS
All of the Class A Ordinary Shares offered by the Selling Securityholder pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Securityholder for their respective accounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from such sales. We will pay certain expenses associated with the registration of the securities covered by this prospectus, as described in the section titled “Plan of Distribution”.
We may receive up to $462,493,236 in aggregate gross proceeds under the Purchase Agreement from sales of Class A Ordinary Shares that we may elect to make to the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, from time to time in our sole discretion, from and after the date of this prospectus. We expect to use the net proceeds that we receive from sales of our Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder, if any, under the Purchase Agreement for working capital and general corporate purposes, including to fund acquisitions.
 
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MARKET PRICE OF OUR SECURITIES AND DIVIDEND POLICY
Our Class A Ordinary Shares and Warrants began trading on Nasdaq under the symbols “SWVL” and “SWVLW”, respectively, on April 1, 2022. On August 22, 2022, the last reported sales price of the Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq was $1.56, and the last reported sales price of the Warrants was $0.0992.
As of August 22, 2022, there were approximately 54 holders of record of our Class A Ordinary Shares and approximately 2 holders of record of our Warrants. Such numbers do not include beneficial owners holding our securities through nominee names.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our Class A Ordinary Shares. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any further determination to pay dividends on our Class A Ordinary Shares would be at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and would depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
 
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BUSINESS
Overview
We are a technology-driven disruptive mobility company that aims to provide reliable, safe, cost-effective and environmentally responsible mass transit solutions. Our mission is to identify and solve inefficiencies associated with
low-quality
or sometimes
non-existent
public transportation infrastructure in urban areas that are in critical need of such services. Our technology and services provide commuters, travelers and businesses with a valuable alternative to traditional public transportation, taxi companies or other ridesharing companies. Through our Swvl platform, we provide thousands of riders per day with a dynamically-routed self-optimizing network of minibuses and other vehicles, helping people get where they need to go.
Our B2C Swvl Retail offering provides riders with a network of minibuses and other vehicles running on fixed or semi-fixed routes within cities. Commuters use our Swvl mobile application to book rides between
pre-defined
pick-up
points located throughout the city. Our service is powered by a suite of proprietary technologies that regularly optimize routing, predict rider demand, set pricing and provide a seamless user experience for customers and drivers. We believe that our platform offers a transportation alternative that is more efficient, reliable and safe than traditional public transportation options, at an accessible price point. This has allowed us to grow our business rapidly. As of June 30, 2022, more than 2.8 million users have booked more than 112.5 million rides on Swvl.
With our Swvl Travel offering, riders can book rides on long-distance intercity routes on either vehicles available exclusively through the Swvl platform or through third-party services marketed through Swvl.
Leveraging the technology that we use for our Retail and Travel offerings, we also offer TaaS enterprise products (marketed as Swvl Business) for businesses, schools, municipal transit agencies and other customers that operate their own transportation programs. These products include, among other things, access to our Swvl Business platform, use of our proprietary technologies, consulting and reporting services and use of the vehicles and drivers on our network to operate such transportation programs. We package our TaaS products to meet the specific needs of each customer. As of June 30, 2022, more than 370 companies across diverse industries, including technology, finance, food and beverage, consulting and healthcare, use our TaaS products. We also expanded our Swvl Business offering by introducing SaaS products in 2022, which allows customers with their own vehicle fleets to utilize the benefits of our platform and technologies.
Our business was founded on February 8, 2017 by Mostafa Kandil, our Chief Executive Officer, Mahmoud Nouh and Ahmed Sabbah. We launched our first commuter services in Cairo, Egypt in March 2017, before expanding to Alexandria, Egypt the same year. As of June 30, 2022, we have expanded our operations to multiple cities across seven countries, with our Retail offering available in select cities in Egypt. In January 2019, we commenced operations in Nairobi, Kenya. Namely, in the second half of 2019, we commenced operations in major cities in Pakistan, including Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi, and relocated our headquarters from Cairo, Egypt to Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In 2020 and 2021, we also launched TaaS offerings in the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. In 2022, our acquisitions of controlling interests in Shotl and Viapool and acquisitions of Volt Lines, door2door and Urbvan have enabled us to expand our global footprint and offer TaaS and/or SaaS products in Switzerland, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Japan and Kuwait.
Market Opportunity and Competitive Advantage
We believe that traditional modes of public transportation represent a rigid and outdated approach to the needs of the modern world. Particularly in developing countries, existing mass-transit infrastructure often suffers from a combination of being inaccessible, unreliable and unsafe. Urban populations in such countries are often unserved or underserved by public transportation networks. Where access to public transportation is available, many commuters must endure long wait times and inconsistent or delayed service. In turn, commuters and
 
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society at large waste hours waiting for transportation. In addition, mass-transit networks often fail to provide a safe travel environment—particularly for women. Overcrowding on vehicles can expose riders to a greater risk of sexual harassment, assault or theft. In fact, the Asian Development Bank’s 2015 report,
Policy Brief: A Safe Public Transportation Environment for Women and Girls,
found that 78% of women surveyed in Karachi reported being harassed on public transport at least once over the preceding year.
Alternatives to public transportation are also inaccessible for many commuters. In the markets we serve, such as Egypt and Pakistan, taxi companies and other ridesharing companies generally cater to wealthier customers. While more convenient and safer than public transportation, high prices (even with discounts and promotions) may put these services out of reach for many commuters.
Swvl’s B2C retail strategy is to create new options for mass-transit by occupying the space between traditional public transportation and expensive private options to attract ridership to our platform:
 
   
Reliability
: In some of our markets, it is common for public buses to wait at stops until buses are full, resulting in unpredictable scheduling and long delays. Because our vehicles operate through a booking system, drivers know exactly how many passengers will board at a given
pre-defined
pick-up
point and do not wait to collect additional riders. We also gather and analyze large amounts of traffic data in the cities we serve to predict travel conditions, which allows riders to receive estimated pickup and arrival times, as well as track their vehicle in real time. We maintained an average monthly first station reliability rate of approximately 91% in 2021 and 93% in the six months ended June 30, 2022, meaning that drivers using our platform arrived
on-time
(i.e., within five minutes of the estimated time) at the first
pick-up
point of their daily routes approximately 91% in 2021 and 93% in the six months ended June 30, 2022.
 
   
Convenience
: Optimized route planning and scheduling allow us to create and update routes that react to and satisfy rider demand, in contrast to public transportation that operates solely on fixed routes. This means we can ensure that our riders have convenient access to
pick-up
points. Our Swvl application allows riders to make bookings up to five days in advance, and we offer payment by cash, credit card or digital wallet.
 
   
Safety
: Safety is an essential part of our value proposition. We recognize that consumers in the markets we serve often feel unsafe on public transportation. We have built our user experience around functionalities designed to increase safety. Our
one-passenger-per-seat
booking system avoids overcrowding on our vehicles, reducing the likelihood of harassment, assault and theft during rides. Unlike public transportation, the fact that each rider has a unique user account facilitates identification of riders acting improperly, thereby increasing accountability and incentivizing good conduct. Through our Swvl application, riders can share their live ride status with others. We also partner with insurance companies to provide
in-ride
medical insurance to all riders and drivers using our platform in Egypt and maintain dedicated teams to respond to critical incidents. Our driver engagement procedures are also designed to ensure the safety of our riders, including by requiring drivers using our platform in Egypt and Jordan to submit recent criminal record checks and drug tests as part of their engagement process. In order to help ensure the health and safety of drivers and riders using our platform during the
COVID-19
pandemic, we ran
SMS-based
campaigns to educate drivers using our platform on heightened safety measures.
 
   
Comfort
: We also differentiate our customer experience on the basis of comfort. Riders are guaranteed a seat, which eliminates crowding and the need to stand during rides. All vehicles must meet specific criteria relating to age, distance traveled, maintenance history and overall condition before being allowed to operate on our platform.
 
   
Value
: Our services are priced to be accessible to a large rider base and cheaper than taxis or other ridesharing companies in the markets we serve.
 
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Our main source of competition is public transportation. We strive to harness the competitive advantages of our offerings described above to convert users of public transportation into users of our platform. We also compete against taxi companies and traditional ridesharing platforms, such as Uber. By offering comfortable, reliable and safe rides at an accessible price point, our offerings aim to attract users of single-rider services by offering a lower-cost alternative that offers a better rider experience than public transportation.
In the markets we serve, the mass-transit ridesharing industry is a relatively new phenomenon, and as a result there are a small but growing number of businesses that offer services equivalent to ours. Examples of such businesses include Via, Flixbus and Shuttl. We believe that the technology powering our offerings (please see the section entitled “Our Technology” below), as well as our early entry into the mass-transit ridesharing space (and the network effects that such early entry enables), have allowed and will allow us to scale our business efficiently, in turn enabling us to create and maintain a strong competitive position in the markets in which we operate.
In addition to our B2C business, we have expanded our market opportunity by targeting corporate clients through our Swvl Business (TaaS) offerings. We believe Swvl Business products offer a comprehensive solution to the inefficiencies that commonly affect businesses (as well as schools and municipalities) operating commute and travel programs for their employees (and students). Many companies rely on large vehicle fleets to compensate for unoptimized and rigid routing. Poor fleet utilization—such as using large buses to accommodate a relatively small number of passengers—drives up
per-rider
costs. Traditional dispatching infrastructure and the associated administrative burdens, including manual data collection, invoice reconciliation and inconsistencies in records, contribute to costly and time-consuming process management. With our TaaS and SaaS offerings, we compete with other ridesharing companies, such as Via.
We also believe the diversity of our offerings is a key competitive advantage. Whereas other companies in the ridesharing industry focus on one or two product categories (such as intracity and intercity B2C offerings), our offerings include intracity (i.e., Retail) and intercity (i.e., Travel) B2C offerings as well as B2B offerings, which provide our business with multiple avenues for growth.
Offerings
We currently serve the customers on our platform through two offerings: “business to consumer”, comprised of Swvl Retail and Swvl Travel, and “business to business”, which includes our TaaS and SaaS models.
Swvl Retail
Our Swvl Retail offering provides riders with a network of minibuses and other vehicles running on fixed or semi-fixed routes within cities. Using our platform, we provide riders with a network of minibuses and other vehicles that operate on fixed and semi-fixed routes throughout the cities we serve. Riders book seats on vehicles available exclusively through Swvl to commute within a city. Riders can book journeys up to five days in advance and pay a fixed rate, determined based on ride distance and anticipated demand, with the option to pay in cash or by credit card or digital wallet. Riders manage their user experience via the Swvl mobile application, through which riders can access and book available trips, track vehicles in real-time, receive an estimated
pick-up
time, manage payments and access customer support services.
Swvl Travel
With Swvl Travel, riders book and take intercity, long-distance trips on either vehicles available exclusively through the Swvl platform or with third-party services marketed through Swvl in exchange for a commission. We also opened and manage a physical Swvl Travel shop in Hurghada, Egypt, which allows riders to book intercity trips in person in a convenient location for frequent travelers.
 
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Swvl Business (TaaS and SaaS)
In addition to our B2C offerings, we have worked to develop ways of diversifying our revenues and identifying potentially higher-margin offerings. The result is our B2B TaaS and SaaS products, marketed together as Swvl Business.
Swvl Business enables our corporate customers (as well as schools and municipalities) to use Swvl’s technology and platform to optimize the commute and travel programs they operate for their employees (and students). Since Swvl Business uses technology already developed for our B2C offerings, its development and deployment does not (and did not) impose significant additional R&D costs on our business. Our TaaS offerings are targeted at companies that do not operate their own vehicle fleets. With TaaS, we offer dedicated routes (for use exclusively by the organization’s employees and students) using vehicles and drivers already operating on Swvl to transport employees and students to and from their places of work and study. Unlike our B2C offerings, pricing, routing and vehicle allocation are fixed in our agreements with each customer, and only drivers that meet the criteria set forth in these agreements are dispatched to operate on the applicable TaaS routes. Our customers typically pay for our TaaS offerings on a per route basis, with pricing determined based on the length and location of such route and without regard to the number of riders on such route.
We expanded our Swvl Business offerings with SaaS in 2022. Our SaaS offerings target corporate customers (as well as schools and municipalities) that operate their own vehicle fleets, with specific services tailored to the needs of each customer. Our basic offerings which are currently available include access to our dedicated Swvl Business application, which centralizes passenger management, billing, scheduling, data analytics and support functions in one platform. At higher service tiers, we provide the use of our network optimization and Dynamic Routing technologies as described below, as well as access to our fleet management modules, which enable our customers to more easily manage their drivers and track their rides. We have also made available consulting and reporting services. We intend to use a tiered cost-plus pricing model for our SaaS products.
As our B2B customers do not pay for TaaS and SaaS services on a per rider or per utilized seat basis, Swvl does not assume any utilization risk on such offerings. As a result, we anticipate that TaaS and SaaS have the potential to be higher-margin offerings, which would allow us to enhance our margins.
Our Technology
Our technology is a critical component of our business proposition. Our ability to provide a seamless experience for our riders and drivers, to effectively predict rider demand, to create efficient, high-Utilization route plans and to price our offerings accordingly depends on ongoing innovation and the effectiveness of our data analysis, modeling and algorithms.
Our technology and business model also depend in part on our relationships with third party product and service providers. For example, we rely on third parties to fulfill various marketing, web hosting, payment, communications and data analytics services to support our platform. We also incorporate third party software into our platform. When selecting third party technology providers, we focus on affordability, reliability, efficiency, optimization and cohesion with our platform, and believe our existing relationships with such providers are critical to our ability to execute our business strategy.
Access to Our Platform
Drivers and riders that utilize our platform do so through our mobile application. Riders use our application to access available trips, select
pick-up
and
drop-off
locations, schedule trips in advance and to pay.
In addition, riders can use our application to track their vehicle in real time or quickly view the walking route and time to their scheduled
pick-up
point. Drivers use our mobile application to access upcoming and past trips, check riders in and out of their vehicle and access training modules and support.
 
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Demand Identification and Prediction
We use our proprietary network optimization model to create, optimize and effectively price the routes we offer. This model employs machine learning algorithms to predict and identify latent and existing demand within cities. Our algorithms segment cities into
equally-sized
areas that serve as the basic unit of analysis we use to build our network. We run regression analyses to identify major demand pairings between segments, and use
in-app
search data and other tools, such as mobile data and social media, to understand the potential magnitude of riders’ movement between these segments. This process allows us to determine where to run new routes, where to reactivate discontinued routes and where to add or remove capacity.
Route Creation and Optimization
Based on this demand identification and prediction analysis, our proprietary, machine learning and regularly adapting model defines optimal routes to maximize conversion of demand into ridership, minimize overlap between routes, minimize walking distance to our
pick-up
points and define the right time to deploy vehicles. An algorithm then automatically sets vehicle routes and
pick-up
points in a manner designed to maximize vehicle Utilization and earnings and to pair drivers with routes that are convenient to their location in the city. Our monthly Utilization rate, measured as the Total Bookings in a given month divided by Total Available Seats in such month, remained at approximately 89% as of June 30, 2022, the same as it was as of December 31, 2021.
In an attempt to ensure maximum vehicle Utilization and driver convenience and to minimize
per-kilometer
costs, we also use machine learning algorithms to “stitch” multiple routes into a single daily plan for each vehicle. Each plan consists of two to six separate routes, allocated to vehicles to minimize travel time between the end of one route and the beginning of another. The routes that comprise a single plan may consist of Swvl Retail, Swvl Travel or Swvl Business (TaaS) routes. By sequencing routes this way, we are able to increase the time drivers spend on routes (as opposed to moving between routes) and thereby increase the revenue vehicles using our platform can produce each day. The plan-creation algorithm is also designed to ensure that the end point of each plan is proximate to the starting point, which helps to minimize the time vehicles spend unutilized as drivers return home and to keep drivers using our platform. We believe that this planning function has helped to maintain strong rates of driver retention.
Once plans are created, their allocation is determined at the beginning of each week using a smart assignment system. Using our platform, drivers (or the third party vehicle operators that employ them) bid on their desired route plan based on their pricing, scheduling and location preferences. A recommendation engine matches the plans with each driver or vehicle operator based on these preferences and expected overall cost (including the bid price). High-performing drivers and vehicle operators also receive preference for more convenient route plans and are eligible for bonus payments.
Dynamic Routing
We also employ Dynamic Routing, a proprietary computational algorithm, to enable us to adapt to emerging demand pockets as our vehicles move through a city. Dynamic Routing creates new, temporary
pick-up
points near prospective riders, and updates routing accordingly in real-time to maximize demand capture. By creating new
pick-up
points close to prospective riders, Dynamic Routing reduces walking distances to such points, increasing the likelihood a rider will book a particular ride. In determining whether to update a route, Dynamic Routing ensures that any route updates do not result in breaches of estimated arrival times quoted to riders already aboard.
Pricing
We employ a proprietary machine learning model to dynamically set pricing for rides and maximize
per-vehicle
revenue, akin to the models used in the airline industry. We use a variety of data, such as expected
 
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vehicle Utilization at the time of ride, user convenience (measured as the median walk to station time for each ride search), user churn probability (an estimate of the likelihood of a user to significantly decrease his or her number of bookings based on historical data, built through a machine learning algorithm) and other variables, to determine the appropriate price point and to update pricing in real time. For example, ride pricing is increased during peak hours where an increase is not expected to impact overall Utilization, and prices are decreased during periods of low demand to increase Utilization and revenue.
Our per rider Total Ticket Fares generation has increased over time. To measure per rider Total Ticket Fares generation, we calculate the per rider Total Ticket Fares generated by all new riders (i.e., those riders using Swvl for the first time) in a given month and track the per rider Total Ticket Fares attributable to those specific riders in subsequent months.
Fleet Management
Our technology also includes backend software that we use to support our drivers with various features on our platform, including training modules, trip management, rider
check-in
and checkout at
pick-up
and
drop-off
locations and 24/7 support. For our SaaS offering, among other things, we intend to provide similar fleet management services to corporate customers (as well as schools and municipalities) that operate their own vehicle fleets by granting such customers access to these features on our platform. For example, we intend to include a driver management module that allows such customers to add, train and manage their driver employees on the platform, edit driver information, and collect relevant documents, in addition to providing payment configurations and customer support. We also intend to include a ride management module that allows such customers access to features related to configuring, pricing, monitoring, distance and time tracking, and backup management in the event a driver does not arrive at a pickup or
drop-off
location.
Vehicles and Drivers
Our business model depends on having a sizable network of drivers who use our platform available for our riders. As Swvl does not itself own any vehicles or employ any drivers, we rely on individual drivers with their own vehicles and third party vehicle operators that own or lease vehicles and employ drivers. As a result, we have strived to create a seamless user experience for drivers and vehicle operators that incentivizes continued use of our platform. Individual drivers and third party vehicle operators have access to a dedicated mobile application that allows them to bid on preferred route plans and to have visibility of their expected earnings. Drivers and vehicle operators are matched with route plans on the basis of their preferences and overall cost. To incentivize performance, high-performing drivers and vehicle operators are more likely to be matched to their preferred route plan. Drivers (or the vehicle operators that directly employ them) are paid on a fixed, per route basis, which means their earnings are not tied to the number of riders aboard at any given time.
We believe our development of route optimization technology provides a key incentive for vehicle operators and drivers to use our platform. By optimizing our plans, cross-dispatching across B2C and TaaS routes and reducing the amount of time drivers spend moving between routes (as well as assigning routes so that drivers complete their route plans near their homes), we are able to increase the number of drivable routes per day and maximize earnings. We believe this has contributed to our strong rates of driver retention.
In addition, we aim to offer a safe, clean and comfortable travel environment for our riders. Vehicles must meet specific criteria relating to age, distance traveled, maintenance history and overall condition before being allowed to operate on our platform. When new drivers first begin to use our platform, they are similarly subject to various screening procedures. Each driver utilizing our platform is required to hold a commercial license to operate their vehicles and complete our engagement process. Drivers are also held to strict standards of conduct while driving on our platform.
 
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Growth Strategy
 
   
Geographic Expansion
: We aim to become the
pre-eminent
mass-transit provider in emerging and developed markets. Our growth strategy is to identify opportunities for market entry in countries and cities where we can leverage the competitive advantages of our technology and platform. We examine factors such as total addressable market size and average fare per trip to assess whether expansion offers a viable path to profitability. We also review the quality of existing public transportation infrastructure to assess ease of market penetration and convertibility of public transportation users to our platform. For our Swvl Travel offering, we also assess factors such as the number of large cities in a country and the frequency of intercity travel to understand potential market size. Other considerations, such as ease and cost of doing business, as well as political stability, also factor into our expansion planning. We follow a standardized plan for market entry, premised on rapid commencement of operations and building scale across similar socio-economic blocks and regions. Our roadmap for geographic expansion as of the date of this prospectus is summarized below, but we continuously evaluate organic and inorganic growth opportunities to determine the optimal path to efficient expansion.
 
   
Continued Innovation
: We are consistently working to improve our proprietary technology. As our optimization of demand prediction, routing and pricing improves, our user base, Utilization rates and customer experience are expected to improve. We expanded our overall Utilization rate from 48% in January 2018 to 89% in June 2022, while reducing inefficiency costs and improving our margins. We believe that this innovation is essential to our success and profitability.
 
   
Category Expansion
: We frequently consider how our core assets—our technology, access to a large vehicle fleet and customer base—can be leveraged to generate new streams of revenue while minimizing incremental R&D costs.
Marketing
Our marketing strategy is focused on expanding ridership in existing markets while rapidly accelerating brand awareness in new territories. We utilize a multi-channel approach, built on a foundation of digital marketing, to develop awareness of our offerings and expand our user base.
Since drivers and riders using our platform are internet-connected, we believe a digital-focused marketing approach offers the most effective means of accessing our target demographics in a cost-effective manner. Our advertising is conducted primarily through social media campaigns and placed web advertisements. We also rely on search engine optimization and application marketplace optimization tools to build and maintain the prominence of our brand. We offer various incentives from time to time, such as promotions for new riders and discounts for bulk purchases or specific trips. We also operate a referral program that offers incentives for riders to refer new users.
In new markets, we also advertise our offerings through offline advertising, such as billboards and events at public venues (such as shopping malls) where we host promotional events, giveaways and conduct
in-person
account activations.
In addition to the above, our marketing team is responsible for developing and maintaining partnerships with other businesses, such as telecom companies, which allows us to deploy promotions and incentives to the customers of such businesses.
Intellectual Property
The protection of our technology, including as described above under “Our Technology”, and other intellectual property is an important aspect of our business. We seek to protect our intellectual property through
 
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trademark and copyright laws as well as confidentiality agreements, other contractual commitments and security procedures. We enter into confidentiality and intellectual property assignment agreements with certain employees to control access to, and clarify ownership of, our technology and other proprietary information. We regularly review our technology development efforts and branding strategy to identify and assess options for protection of new intellectual property.
Intellectual property laws, contractual commitments and security and technical procedures provide only limited protection, and any of our intellectual property rights may be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed or misappropriated. Further, intellectual property laws vary from country to country, and we are in the process of transferring our intellectual property from Egypt to other jurisdictions in which we operate. Therefore, in other jurisdictions, we may be unable to adequately protect certain rights in our proprietary technology, brands, or other intellectual property from use by unauthorized entities or individuals. Please see the section entitled “Risks Related to Regulatory, Legal and Tax Factors Affecting Swvl—Failure to protect or enforce Swvl’s intellectual property rights could harm Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results.”
Data Protection and Privacy
Swvl has made commitments to protect and respect the personal data and privacy of all of our external users. Our business depends on the collection, storage, transmission, use and processing of personal data of Swvl’s users’ and other sensitive information. As a result, our ability to protect such data and comply with the numerous laws, rules and regulations related to the collection, storage, transmission, use and other processing of such data is integral to our operations.
We are in the process of developing systems and processes that are designed to protect users’ data, prevent data loss and prevent other privacy or security breaches. These measures, however, cannot guarantee security and may not be effective against all cyberattacks or breaches. For example, in July 2020, by exploiting a breach in certain third-party software used by Swvl, unauthorized parties gained access to a Swvl database containing personal data of its riders. While such breach has not had a material impact on Swvl’s business or operations and Swvl has since implemented measures to prevent a similar data breach, unauthorized parties may further exploit the breached information and may in the future gain access to Swvl’s systems or facilities through various other means.
We are also obligated to comply with all applicable laws, regulations and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection and information security. These laws, rules and regulations evolve frequently and their scope may continually change, through new legislation, amendments to existing legislation and changes in enforcement, and may be inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with each other. Nevertheless, we maintain and provide our users with a copy of our privacy policy, which is intended to succinctly describe the type of information we collect and how we use such information (including restrictions on disclosure and sharing of such information), as well as our security policies and procedures. We periodically update our privacy policy to reflect changes required by law or changes in the way we intend to collect or use information.
For more information on the risks related to data protection, data security and privacy as they relate to our business, please see the section entitled “Risk Factors.”
Insurance
We maintain insurance policies with global insurance providers to provide
in-ride
medical coverage to all riders and drivers in our Egypt market. We also provide comprehensive health insurance to employees in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, except for Spain where our employees receive comprehensive health insurance coverage through the Spanish government. In 2022, we obtained directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. Please see the section entitled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Operational Factors Affecting Swvl—Swvl has not historically maintained insurance coverage for its operations. Swvl may not be able to mitigate the risks facing its business and could incur significant uninsured losses, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and operating results.”
 
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Government Regulation
We are subject to a wide variety of laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. The ridesharing industry and our business model are relatively nascent and rapidly evolving. New laws and regulations and changes to existing laws and regulations continue to be adopted, implemented and interpreted in response to our industry and related technologies. We strive to comply with all laws and regulations applicable to our operations, and believe that we are in compliance with such laws and regulations in all material respects, other than as described below.
While Swvl is not aware of any material limitations on foreign investment in the jurisdictions in which it operates, Swvl is required to comply with certain regulations related to such investment. In particular, in Jordan,
non-Jordanian
investors are restricted from wholly owning any project or business venture that involves certain trade, construction or services activities. While Swvl does not intend to engage in any such activities in Jordan, the organizational documents of the entity that currently conducts Swvl’s operations in Jordan erroneously includes certain restricted activities as potential objectives of such entity. Such entity is in the process of amending its organizational documents such that Swvl will be permitted to acquire and hold all of the equity thereof. In addition, in the United Arab Emirates, foreign investors are required to operate via an onshore licensed entity or an onshore branch of a foreign or free zone entity. Swvl has established such an onshore branch and has obtained the requisite licenses and approvals for such branch’s operations. Swvl may become subject to additional limitations and regulations as it expands its operations in the jurisdictions in which it operates and into new jurisdictions, and such limitations and regulations may impair Swvl’s ability to operate effectively in such jurisdictions.
In Egypt, Swvl is subject to Law No. 87 of 2018 and the Executive Regulation by Presidential Decree No. 2180 of 2019 (collectively, “Egyptian Ridesharing Laws”). Pursuant to such Egyptian Ridesharing Laws, Swvl–as well as any other land transport service company in Egypt that utilizes information technology–is required to obtain a license issued by Egypt’s Land Transport Regulatory Authority (the “Egyptian LTRA”). While companies were required under the Egyptian Ridesharing Laws to obtain such licenses by December 12, 2018, the Egyptian LTRA was not established until June 11, 2019, and, to Swvl’s knowledge, the Egyptian LTRA has not yet issued a license to any ridesharing company, including Swvl. On December 12, 2019, Swvl submitted an application to the Egyptian LTRA, seeking the required license. If and when the Egyptian LTRA approves Swvl’s license application, Swvl will be required to pay a licensing fee, which will include a fee associated with the application process and a fee for Swvl’s
pre-license
operations in Egypt. As a result of Swvl’s current
non-compliance
with the licensing requirements of the Egyptian Ridesharing Laws, the Egyptian LTRA has imposed monetary fines on drivers using Swvl’s platform, which Swvl expects will continue to be imposed until Swvl’s license application is approved. Swvl has reimbursed, and expects to continue to reimburse, drivers for such fines.
We are also subject to a number of laws and regulations specifically governing the internet and mobile devices that are constantly evolving. Existing and future laws and regulations, or changes thereto, may impede the growth and availability of the internet and online offerings, require us to change our business practices or raise compliance costs or other costs of doing business. These laws and regulations, which continue to evolve, cover taxation, privacy and data protection, pricing, copyrights, distribution, mobile and other communications, advertising practices, consumer protections, the provision of online payment services, unencumbered internet access to our offerings and the characteristics and quality of online offerings, among other things. In particular, as we expand our operations internationally, we expect to become subject to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which regulates the collection, control, sharing, disclosure, use and other processing of personal data and imposes stringent data protection requirements and significant penalties, and the risk of civil litigation, for noncompliance. The GDPR has resulted in and will continue to result in significantly greater compliance burdens and costs for companies with users and operations in the European Union. As we expand our business internationally, we will become subject to these costs and burdens in an effort to ensure that our operations are GDPR compliant.
 
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In addition to these laws and regulations that apply specifically to the mass-transit ridesharing industry, related technology, the internet and related regulations, our business operations are subject to other broadly applicable laws and regulations governing such issues as labor and employment, anti-discrimination, worker confidentiality obligations, consumer protection, taxation, competition, unionizing and collective action, background checks, anti-corruption, anti-bribery, import and export restrictions, environmental protection, sustainability, trade and economic sanctions, foreign ownership and investment and foreign exchange controls. Please see the section entitled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Regulatory, Legal and Tax Factors Affecting Swvl—Swvl is subject to various laws relating to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, and countering the financing of terrorism and has operations in certain countries known to experience high levels of corruption. Swvl has not implemented, or has only recently implemented, certain policies and procedures for the operation of its business and compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including policies with respect to anti-bribery and anti-corruption matters and cyber protection.”
As we continue to expand our platform offerings and user base, we may become subject to additional laws and regulations, which may differ or conflict from one jurisdiction to another. Please see the section entitled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Regulatory, Legal and Tax Factors Affecting Swvl—As Swvl expands its offerings, it may become subject to additional laws and regulations, and any actual or perceived failure by Swvl to comply with such laws and regulations or manage the increased costs associated with such laws and regulations could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition, and operating results.”
Organizational Structure
Swvl Holdings Corp is a British Virgin Islands business company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. Swvl Holdings Corp’s directly and indirectly wholly owned subsidiaries are: Swvl Inc., a British Virgin Islands business company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands; Pivotal Merger Sub Company I, a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability; SWVL NBO Limited, a private limited company organized under the laws of Kenya; SWVL Saudi for Information Technology, a single person limited liability company organized under the laws of Saudi Arabia; Swvl Technologies Limited, a private limited company organized under the laws of Kenya; Swvl Global FZE, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Dubai; SWVL Technologies FZE, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Dubai and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Swvl Global FZE; Swvl Technologies FZE (Abu Dhabi, UAE branch), a limited liability company organized under the laws of Dubai and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Swvl Technologies FZE; Swvl Technologies FZE (Dubai, UAE branch), a limited liability company organized under the laws of Dubai and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Swvl Technologies FZE; Swvl Holdco Corp, a British Virgin Islands business company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands; Swvl MY For Information Technology SDN BHD, a company limited by shares organized under the laws of Malaysia and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Swvl Global FZE; Urbvan Mobility Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability and a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Swvl Global FZE; Urban Intermediate Holdings, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Urbvan Mobility Ltd.; Commute Technologies S.A.P.I., a Mexican company limited by shares and a direct subsidiary of Urbvan Intermediate holdings; Urbvan Commute Operations S.A.P.I de C.V., a Mexican company limited by shares and a direct subsidiary of Commute Technologies S.A.P.I; Volt Line BV, a limited liability company organized under the laws of the Netherlands; Volt Lines Akilli Ulasim Teknolojileri ve Tasimacilik AS, a private joint stock company organized under the laws of Turkey and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Volt Line BV; Volt Lines MENA limited, a private limited liability company organizd under the rules and regulations of Abu Dhabi Global Market and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Volt Line BV; Swvl Germany GmbH, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Germany; and Door2Door GmbH, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Germany and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Swvl Germany GmbH.
Swvl Holding Corp’s indirect majority-owned subsidiaries are: Shotl Transportation S.L., a limited liability company organized under the laws of Spain, in which Swvl Holding Corp’s wholly owned subsidiary Swvl Global FZE holds 55% of the outstanding equity interests; Viapool Inc., a company incorporated under the
 
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laws of the State of Delaware, in which Swvl Holding Corp’s wholly owned subsidiary Swvl Global FZE holds 51% of the outstanding equity interests; Viapool SRL, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Argentina, in which Viapool Inc. owns 95% of the outstanding equity interests and Movilidad Digital SAS owns 5% of the outstanding equity interests; Movilidad Digital SAS, a simplified shares company organized under the laws of Argentina and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Viapol Inc.; Viapool SPA, a corporation organized under the laws of Chile and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Viapool Inc.; Swvl Brazil Limited, a sole ownership limited liability company organized under the laws of Brazil and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Viapool Inc.; Swvl For Smart Transport Applications and Services LLC, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Egypt, in which Swvl Holding Corp’s wholly owned subsidiary Swvl Inc. holds 99.8% of the outstanding equity interests; and Swvl Pakistan (Private) Limited, a company limited by shares organized under the laws of Pakistan, in which Swvl Holding Corp’s wholly owned subsidiary Swvl Inc. holds 99.9987% of the outstanding equity interests. The minority interests in Swvl For Smart Transport Applications and Services LLC and Swvl Pakistan (Private Limited) are held by persons affiliated with Swvl solely to comply with applicable laws requiring local resident shareholders.
Swvl currently operates in Jordan through an entity, Smart Way Transportation LLC (El Tanakol el Thaki) (“Swvl Jordan”), in which it holds only economic rights and does not hold any direct or indirect equity interest. All of the equity in Swvl Jordan is instead temporarily being held by persons affiliated with Swvl in favor of Swvl as beneficiary. Swvl is in the process of acquiring 49% of the equity of Swvl Jordan, and the remainder when it its permitted to do so under applicable law. Until such time, Swvl’s interest in the equity of Swvl Jordan will be governed by an interim management agreement with the Jordanian national persons holding such equity. Pursuant to the interim management agreement, such persons (i) hold the equity in Swvl Jordan in trust for, on behalf of and for the sole benefit of Swvl and (ii) are obligated to transfer such equity to Swvl or an affiliate of Swvl for nominal consideration upon the request of Swvl.
 
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A diagram of Swvl’s group structure, as described above, is provided below:
Swvl Group Corporate Legal Structure
 
Property, Plants and Equipment
We lease approximately 13,391 square feet of office space for our corporate headquarters, located at the Offices 4 at One Central, Dubai World Trade Center, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Our existing headquarters lease expires on September 14, 2024, which we expect to extend to December 31, 2026, including in connection with an office expansion plan for our headquarters. In addition, we lease various office spaces across different cities in all the countries in which we operate. In 2022, we established a new engineering hub in Cairo, Egypt. We expect to continue grow our facilities footprint as our business continues to grow. The phone number for our headquarters is +971 42241293.
 
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OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of Swvl’s financial condition and results of operations together with Swvl’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following discussion and analysis is based on Swvl’s financial information prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and related interpretations issued by the IFRS Interpretations Committee. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this prospectus, including information with respect to Swvl’s plans and strategy for Swvl’s business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Please see the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions associated with these statements and for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. Swvl’s historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.
Unless the context otherwise requires, for the purposes of this section, “Swvl”, “we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company” refer to the business of Swvl Holdings Corp and its subsidiaries, “HY 2022” refers to the six months ended June 30, 2022, “HY 2021” refers to the six months ended June 30, 2021, “FY 2021” refers to the fiscal year of Swvl ended December 31, 2021, “FY 2020” refers to the fiscal year of Swvl ended December 31, 2020 and “FY 2019” refers to the fiscal year of Swvl ended December 31, 2019.
For discussion related to our financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of operations for 2020 compared to 2019, please refer to the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Swvl” of our Registration Statement on Form
F-4,
which was filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
Recent Developments
Institutional PIPE Financing
On August 10, 2022, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with the Institutional Investor pursuant to which we sold 12,121,214 Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company at a purchase price of $1.65 per Class A Ordinary Share, which purchase price included series A and series B warrants of the Company immediately exercisable upon issuance for one Class A Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $1.65. The series A warrants provide the right to purchase up to 12,121,214 Ordinary Shares for a period of five years. The series B warrants provide the right to purchase up to 6,060,607 Ordinary Shares for a period of two years. A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners acted as the sole placement agent for the Private Placement and received customary compensation for its services, including the issuance thereto of 121,212 Class A Ordinary Shares.
Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase agreement with the Institutional Investor, Swvl agreed to, among other things, refrain from (i) issuing, entering into any agreement to issue or announcing the issuance or proposed issuance of certain of its securities (including Class A Ordinary Shares pursuant to the B. Riley Facility) for a period commencing August 10, 2022 until the date that is 60 calendar days after the date that the SEC declares effective the registration statement registering the resale of the Class A Ordinary Shares and Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Institutional Investor Warrants (or, in the event of a “review” by the SEC of the Registration Statement, 30 days after the date that the SEC declares the registration statement registering the resale of the Institutional Investor securities effective) and (ii) entering into variable rate transactions (as defined in the securities purchase agreement with the Institutional Investor), subject to certain exceptions, for a period of 12 months after the SEC declares the registration statement registering the resale of the Institutional Investor securities effective.
Swvl previously disclosed that it expected to utilize approximately $50,000,000 of the B. Riley Facility in the third calendar quarter of 2022, assuming that the requisite conditions to its use were satisfied during such
 
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period. Swvl had also disclosed that its actual use of the facility could be higher or lower depending on a number of factors, such as working capital needs, acquisitions, cost of capital and liquidity in its common stock. In light of the approximately $20,000,000 in gross proceeds from the Institutional Investor Private Placement, Swvl has adjusted its previously disclosed estimate of $50,000,000 downwards on a
dollar-for-dollar-basis
to $30,000,000. As of August 10, 2022, Swvl had raised approximately $9.2 million of proceeds from the B. Riley Facility. As a result of the covenant not to utilize the B. Riley Facility during the Restricted Period, Swvl currently believes that some or all of the remaining approximately $20.8 million estimated use of such facility will now occur in the fourth calendar quarter of 2022.
In connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement, the Company also entered into the Institutional Investor Registration Rights Agreement pursuant to which Swvl agreed to, among other things, (i) file the Institutional Investor Registration Statement no later than August 30, 2022 and (ii) use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Institutional Investor Registration Statement to become effective as promptly as practicable thereafter, and, in any event no later than 90 days after the closing of the Institutional Investor Private Placement.
In connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement, certain of the directors of Swvl, pursuant to
lock-up
agreements similar in form to the
lock-up
agreements to which certain of Swvl’s officers and directors are currently subject agreed not to sell or transfer any of Swvl’s securities which they currently hold, subject to certain exceptions, during the Restricted Period.
Announcement of Portfolio Optimization Program
On May 31, 2022, Swvl announced its implementation of a portfolio optimization program featuring a renewed focus on its highest profitability operations, enhanced efficiency and reduced central costs to accelerate its path to profitability. The Company’s portfolio optimization program will include a focus on the growth of its TaaS and SaaS business, focus on and optimization of its B2C business, continued investment in developing its proprietary technology and a reduction of its employee headcount by approximately 32%.
Equity Line Financing
On March 22, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with B. Riley pursuant to which B. Riley committed to purchase up to $471.7 million (the “Total Commitment”) of Class A Ordinary Shares, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The Class A Ordinary Shares that may be issued under the Purchase Agreement may be sold by us to B. Riley at our discretion from time to time over a
24-month
period that commenced on July 8, 2022 (the “Commencement”). Swvl has the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at Swvl’s sole discretion over the
24-month
period from and after the Commencement, to direct B. Riley to purchase a specified amount of Class A Ordinary Shares (such specified amount, the “Purchase Share Amount”), not to exceed a daily maximum calculated in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement.
The per share purchase price for the Class A Ordinary Shares that Swvl elects to sell to B. Riley in a purchase pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be determined by reference to the VWAP, less a discount of 3%.
There is no upper limit on the price per share that Selling Securityholder could be obligated to pay for the Class A Ordinary Shares that we may elect to sell to it in any Purchase or any Intraday Purchase under the Purchase Agreement. In the case of Purchases and Intraday Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement, if any, all share and dollar amounts used in determining the purchase price per share of Class A Ordinary Shares to be purchased by Selling Securityholder in a Purchase or an Intraday Purchase (as applicable), or in determining the applicable maximum purchase share amounts or applicable volume or price threshold amounts in connection with any such Purchase or Intraday Purchase (as applicable), in each case, will be
 
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equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization,
non-cash
dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction occurring during any period used to calculate such per share purchase price, maximum purchase share amounts or applicable volume or price threshold amounts.
The Company may not issue or sell any Class A Ordinary Shares to Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other Class A Ordinary Shares then beneficially owned by Selling Securityholder and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and
Rule 13d-3
thereunder), would result in Selling Securityholder beneficially owning more than the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, which equal to 4.99% of the outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares.
The net proceeds under the Purchase Agreement to Swvl will depend on the frequency and prices at which Swvl sells its Class A Ordinary Shares to Selling Securityholder. Swvl currently expects that any proceeds received by it from such sales to B. Riley will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including to fund acquisitions.
The Purchase Agreement will automatically terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the first day of the month next following the
24-month
anniversary of the Commencement Date, (ii) the date on which Selling Securityholder shall have purchased from Swvl under the Purchase Agreement Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate gross purchase price equal to the Total Commitment and (iii) certain other customary termination events. Swvl has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after Commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon five trading days’ prior written notice to Selling Securityholder. Selling Securityholder will also have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement, at no cost or penalty, upon five trading days’ prior written notice to Swvl, if certain events occur or conditions are not met, including if the initial registration statement is not filed or has not been declared effective by the specified deadlines in the Registration Rights Agreement. Swvl and Selling Securityholder may also agree to terminate the Purchase Agreement by mutual written consent. No provision of the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement may be modified or waived by Swvl or Selling Securityholder from and after the date that is one (1) trading day immediately preceding the date on which the initial registration statement is initially filed with the Commission.
As consideration for B. Riley’s commitment under the Purchase Agreement to purchase our Class A Ordinary Shares, we issued 386,971 Class A Ordinary Shares to Selling Securityholder and such Class A Ordinary Shares are fully earned and
non-refundable,
even in the event we do not sell any Class A Ordinary Shares to Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement.
We previously disclosed that we expect to utilize approximately $50,000,000 of the B. Riley Facility in the third calendar quarter of 2022, assuming that the requisite conditions to its use were satisfied during such period. We had also disclosed that our actual use of the facility could be higher or lower depending on a number of factors, such as working capital needs, acquisitions, cost of capital and liquidity in its common stock. In light of the approximately $20,000,000 in gross proceeds from the Institutional Investor Private Placement, we have adjusted its previously disclosed estimate of $50,000,000 downwards on a
dollar-for-dollar-basis
to $30,000,000. As of August 10, 2022, we have raised approximately $9.2 million of proceeds from the B. Riley Facility. As a result of the covenant not to utilize the B. Riley Facility during the Restricted Period, we currently believes that some or all of the remaining approximately $20.8 million estimated use of such facility will now occur in the fourth calendar quarter of 2022.
Impact of the
COVID-19
Pandemic
The worldwide spread of
COVID-19
has caused public health officials to recommend and governments to enact precautions to mitigate the spread of the virus, including travel restrictions, extensive social distancing and issuing
“shelter-in-place”
orders in many regions, including the jurisdictions in which we operate. Beginning in March 2020, the pandemic and these related responses have had an adverse effect on demand and earning opportunities for drivers using our platform, leading to lower than expected revenues. While our revenue
 
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nevertheless increased from $12.4 million in FY 2019 to $17.3 million in FY 2020, we had anticipated—prior to the spread of
COVID-19—that
our revenues would grow to approximately $100 million in FY 2020. Our revenue increased from $17.3 million in 2020 to $38.3 million in 2021 and from $12.9 million in the first six months of 2021 to $40.7 million in the first six months of 2022.
We continue to closely monitor the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic. Although the overall business performance has showed signs of recovery since the third quarter of 2020, the exact timing and pace of the recovery remain uncertain. As certain regions have reopened, some have experienced a resurgence of
COVID-19
cases and reimposed restrictions. The extent to which our operations will continue to be impacted by the pandemic will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the pandemic, actions by government authorities and private businesses to contain the pandemic or recover from its impact, the availability and distribution of the vaccine, the extent of any virus mutations or new variants of
COVID-19,
among other things. Even as travel restrictions have been and will continue to be modified or lifted, we anticipate that continued social distancing, altered consumer behavior, reduced travel and commuting and expected corporate cost cutting will be significant challenges for us. The strength and duration of these challenges cannot be presently estimated.
In response to the
COVID-19
pandemic, we have adopted and continue to adopt measures based on the then-current conditions in the regions we operate, including temporarily having employees in nearly all office locations work remotely, limiting employee travel and canceling or postponing events and meetings or holding them virtually, temporarily suspending our usual services, other than to certain key business customers, and operating reduced-service for essential workers at no charge.
We remain confident in our ability to navigate this challenging time and continue to focus on our long- term growth opportunities and our business model. With $19.5 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2022, the additional funds we raised during 2022 and the additional capital raised in connection with the Business Combination, PIPE Financing, B. Riley Facility and Institutional Investor Private Placement, we believe we have sufficient liquidity to continue to support our business operations and to make strategic investments that are in the best interests of our shareholders and other stakeholders. For more information on risks associated with the
COVID-19
pandemic, please see the section entitled “Risk Factors”.
Factors Affecting Our Business and Results of Operations
We believe that our future performance and success depend to a substantial extent on the following factors, each of which is in turn subject to significant risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in the section of this prospectus entitled “Risk Factors.”
Our ability to cost-effectively retain and increase the number of riders who use, and their utilization of, our platform, and increase our share of their transportation spend.
We grow our business by attracting new riders to our platform (i.e., unique users taking their first ride with Swvl) and increasing their usage of our platform over time. As a result, the number of riders on our platform and their utilization of our offerings are the key drivers of our B2C business. Our ability to cost-effectively attract new riders and retain and increase the use of our platform by existing riders is critical to scaling our business. More riders accessing offerings on our platform and greater utilization drive increased revenue and profitability. We seek to increase both the number of riders on our platform and the usage of our platform through product innovation, improved user experience, and additional offerings. While we anticipate this increasing level of investment will drive growth through
word-of-mouth
referrals, we also continue to invest in brand and growth marketing, as well as the use of paid marketing initiatives, rider and driver incentives and marketing partnerships with third parties in an effort to attract new riders to our platform and to enhance rider Utilization (calculated as
 
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Total Bookings divided by Total Available Seats, over the period of measurement). New riders in each of fiscal year 2019, fiscal year 2020, the fiscal year 2021 and as of the six months ended June 30, 2022 accounted for approximately 18.2%, 15.5%, 18.2% and 13.1% of our Total Ticket Fares, respectively. Once riders start using Swvl, we seek to provide a quality experience and a diverse offering of routes and products to accommodate different transportation use cases in order to retain riders and encourage repeat usage. Our efforts have resulted in Total Ticket Fares retention in excess of 60%, measured in each of January 2020 and February 2020 prior to the effects of
COVID-19.
We measure Total Ticket Fares retention by comparing the Total Ticket Fares generated by a cohort of users in their 12th month of activity against the Total Ticket Fares generated by such cohort in their first month of activity. As discussed below, we also intend to expand into new geographical markets, which we believe will also increase the number of riders.
If we fail to continue to attract riders to our platform and grow our rider base, expand riders’ usage of our platform over time or increase our share of riders’ transportation spend, our results of operations would be harmed.
Our ability to cost-effectively attract and retain drivers to use our platform, or to increase utilization of our platform by existing drivers.
Growing the number of drivers enables us to increase the number of routes on our network, thereby increasing the aggregate earnings potential for drivers and third party vehicle operators while simultaneously improving access and availability for riders. Our ability to maintain and grow our driver base and increase driver utilization of our platform depends in part on our ability to continue to deliver meaningful earning opportunities for drivers and third party vehicle operators who use our platform, as well as our ability to provide a seamless user experience for drivers that incentivizes continued use of our platform. We therefore continue to invest in developing technology that is intended to not only allow drivers and vehicle operators to maximize earnings while using our platform, but also improves the
day-to-day
experience for those drivers.
For instance, we believe our development of route optimization technology provides a key incentive for drivers and third party vehicle operators to use our platform. By optimizing our plans, cross-dispatching across Swvl Retail and Swvl Business routes and reducing the amount of time drivers spend moving between routes (as well as assigning routes so that drivers complete their route plans near their homes), we are able to increase the number of drivable routes per day and increase drivers’ and vehicle operators’ earnings. We believe this has contributed to our strong rates of driver retention.
Additionally, maintaining and continuing to grow our base of drivers is critical to delivering a quality experience on our platform. The more dedicated and able drivers that decide to use our platform, the more routes and rides we are able to provide. We also believe this allows us to maintain high quality service and low wait times. Our incentive programs to attract qualified drivers include bonus payments and other incentives to
high-performing
drivers and vehicle operators. During the
COVID-19
pandemic, we provided temporary financial assistance to support drivers using our platform.
Our ability to grow and retain drivers is linked to our ability to maintain and increase the number of riders on our platform. We believe that the more riders we have on our platform, the easier it can be to maintain and attract new drivers to our platform. If we fail to continue to attract drivers to our platform and grow the number of routes we offer, riders’ usage of our platform may decrease and our results of operations would be harmed. In addition, when we enter a new market, we typically need to make significant upfront investments to drive sufficient scale of drivers in order to establish a functioning marketplace for our riders, which could adversely affect our results of operations in the periods in which such investments are made and delay our efforts to achieve profitability.
 
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Our ability to successfully develop new offerings on our platform and enhance our existing offerings.
As part of our business, we consider how our core assets—our technology, access to a large vehicle fleet and our customer base—can be leveraged to generate new streams of revenue while minimizing incremental costs. For example, we initially launched with our B2C retail offering, through which we connect riders using our platform to a network of minibuses and other vehicles that operate on fixed and semi-fixed routes within the cities we serve. We have since expanded our B2C offerings to include Swvl Travel, which allows riders to book and take intercity, long-distance trips. We also opened and manage a physical Swvl Travel shop in Hurghada, Egypt, which allows riders to book intercity trips in person in a convenient location for frequent travelers.
We have also diversified our revenues beyond B2C offerings with our TaaS enterprise products, which are marketed as Swvl Business and which have historically been higher-margin products. Swvl Business enables our corporate customers (as well as schools and municipalities) to use Swvl’s technology and platform to optimize the commute and travel programs they operate for their employees (and students). Since Swvl Business uses technology already developed for our B2C offerings, its development and deployment does not (and did not) impose significant additional R&D costs on our business. We expanded our Swvl Business offerings with SaaS throughout the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2022. Our SaaS offerings target corporate customers (as well as schools and municipalities) that operate their own vehicle fleets, with specific services tailored to the needs of each customer. We currently intend for our basic offerings to include access to our dedicated Swvl Business application, which centralizes passenger management, billing, scheduling, data analytics and support functions in one platform. At higher service tiers, we currently intend to provide the use of our network optimization and Dynamic Routing technologies, as well as access to our fleet management modules, which will enable our customers to more easily manage their drivers and track their rides. We have also made available consulting and reporting services. We intend to use a tiered cost-plus pricing model for our SaaS products, which we expect will allow us to enhance our margins.
Our ability to invest effectively in technology and research and development and to successfully integrate them into our business.
Our technology is a critical component of our business proposition. Our ability to provide a seamless experience for our riders and drivers, to effectively predict rider demand, to create efficient, high-utilization route plans and to price our offerings accordingly depends on ongoing innovation and the effectiveness of our data analysis, modeling and algorithms. As a result, we have made, and will continue to make, significant investments in research and development and technology in an effort to improve our platform and to attract and retain drivers and riders, expand the capabilities and scope of our offerings, and enhance our customer experience. We review and target our research and development activities on an ongoing basis based on the needs of our business. We believe that continued optimization of demand prediction, routing and pricing can improve our user base, utilization rates and customer experience, which we believe in turn can reduce inefficiency costs and improve our margins.
Our engineers and data scientists are critical to the success of our business and we will continue to invest in these areas. In addition, we will continue to dedicate significant resources to research and development efforts, focusing on continuing to improve our proprietary technology and developing innovative applications.
Our ability to operate in distinct geographic markets and our ability to expand into new markets.
Our capacity for continued growth and ability to achieve and maintain profitability depends in part on our ability to operate and compete effectively in different geographic markets. Each market is subject to distinct competitive and operational dynamics. These include our ability to offer more attractive transportation offerings than alternative options, our ability to efficiently attract and retain drivers and riders, ride length and the number of routes available on our platform, all of which affect our sales, results of operations and key business metrics. As a result, we may experience fluctuations in our results of operations due to the changing dynamics in the geographic markets where we operate.
 
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Since our founding, we have been able to expand into new geographies and markets. Since 2017, we expanded our operations to more than 135 cities in over 20 countries. In January 2019, we commenced operations in Nairobi, Kenya. In the second half of 2019, we commenced operations in major cities in Pakistan, including Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi, and relocated our headquarters from Egypt to Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In 2020 and 2021, we also launched TaaS offerings in the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. On May 31, 2022, Swvl announced its implementation of a portfolio optimization plan, featuring a renewed focus on its highest profitability operations, enhanced efficiency and reduced central costs. As a result of the portfolio optimization plan, we are currently operating our Retail offerings in select cities in Egypt.
On August 18, 2021, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire a controlling interest in Shotl, a mass transit platform that partners with municipalities and corporations to provide
on-demand
bus and van services in Europe, Latin America and the Asia Pacific region, which expanded our geographic footprint to 22 additional cities in 10 countries. The transaction closed on November 19, 2021.
On November 16, 2021, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire a controlling interest in Viapool, a mass transit platform currently operating in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Santiago, Chile. The transaction closed on January 14, 2022.
On March 24, 2022, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire a controlling interest in door2door, a high-growth mobility operations platform that partners with municipalities, public transit operators, corporations, and automotive companies to optimize shared mobility solutions across Europe. The transaction closed on June 3, 2022.
On April 25, 2022, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire Volt Lines, a Turkey-based B2B and Transport as a Service mobility business. The acquisition builds on Swvl’s recent acquisitions of controlling stakes in Shotl and Viapool and acquisition of door2door. The transaction closed on May 25, 2022.
A core component of our growth strategy is to identify opportunities for market entry in countries and cities where we can leverage what we believe are the competitive advantages offered by our technology and platform. We examine factors such as total addressable market size and average fare per trip to assess whether expansion offers a viable path to profitability. We also review the quality of existing public transportation infrastructure to assess ease of market penetration and convertibility of public transportation users to our platform. For our Swvl Travel offering, we also assess factors such as the number of large cities in a country and the frequency of intercity travel to understand potential market size. Other considerations, such as ease and cost of doing business, as well as political stability, also factor into our expansion planning.
Our ability to enter into strategic acquisitions and partnerships, and successfully integrate them into our business or achieve our objectives of the acquisitions or strategic partnerships.
We have made, and intend to continue to make, strategic acquisitions to expand our user base, enter new markets and add complementary products and technologies. Our strategic acquisitions may affect our future financial results. For example, we recently acquired controlling interests in Shotl and Viapool, acquired door2door, Volt Lines and Urbvan. Integration of the Shotl, Viapool, door2door, Volt Lines and Urbvan businesses and operations will be a complex, time-consuming and costly process, particularly given that the acquisition will significantly diversify the geographic areas in which we operate. In addition, we may not realize all of the anticipated benefits from the acquisition of controlling interests in Shotl and Viapool and acquisitions of door2door, Volt Lines and Urbvan, such as cost savings and revenue enhancements, for various reasons, including the fact that diligence was of a limited scope and performed by third party business consultants (and, with respect to Shotl, solely with respect to Shotl’s business in Spain), difficulties integrating operations and personnel, higher costs,
COVID-19
related interruption, unknown liabilities and fluctuations in markets.
We believe such acquisitions complement our business, but there is no assurance that such acquired businesses will be successfully integrated into our business or generate substantial revenue, and operating costs and integration risks from these and future acquisitions may negatively affect our financial performance.
 
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We also enter into a variety of strategic partnerships that contribute to several aspects of our business, including partnerships that bring more ride volume to our platform and help us increase brand awareness.
Our ability to compete effectively.
We operate in a competitive market and must continue to compete effectively in order to grow, improve our results of operations and achieve and maintain long-term profitability. Our principal source of competition is public transportation. We strive to harness the competitive advantages of our offerings to convert users of public transportation into users of our platform. We also compete against taxi companies and traditional ridesharing platforms, such as Uber. By offering comfortable, reliable and safe rides at an accessible price point, our offerings aim to attract users of these single-rider services by offering a lower-cost alternative that offers a better rider experience than public transportation. We believe we have differentiated our business from these competitors by building a diverse set of offerings on a transportation network at scale, while upholding our culture and values and creating a brand that embodies a commitment to exceptional offerings and social responsibility. However, we must continue to respond to competitive pressures. Consequently, we intend to keep investing in our platform to attract and retain drivers and riders, and respond to shifts in competitors’ pricing levels, revenue models or business practices. If we are not able to compete effectively with our competitors, including our main competition of public transportation, our results of operations will be harmed.
Our ability to maintain and continue developing our reputation and to promote brand awareness and to optimize driver and rider incentives.
We believe that maintaining and enhancing our reputation and brand is critical to our ability to attract and retain employees and platform users. A core component of our marketing strategy involves focusing on expanding ridership in existing markets while rapidly accelerating brand awareness in new territories. We utilize a multi-channel approach, built on a foundation of digital marketing, to develop awareness of our offerings and expand our user base. We use a digital-focused marketing approach because we believe it offers the most effective means of accessing our target demographics in a cost-effective manner. Our advertising is conducted primarily through social media campaigns and placed web advertisements. We also rely on search engine optimization and application marketplace optimization tools to build and maintain the prominence of our brand. In new markets, we also advertise our offerings through offline advertising, such as billboards and events at public venues (such as shopping malls) where we may host promotional events, giveaways and conduct
in-person
account activations. We also seek to develop and maintain partnerships with other businesses, such as telecom companies, that allow us to deploy promotions and incentives to the customers of such businesses. We monitor the effectiveness of our marketing spend via several metrics, including customer acquisition cost.
We offer various incentives from time to time, such as promotions for new riders and discounts for bulk purchases or specific trips. We also operate a referral program that offers incentives for riders to refer new users.
The impact of uncertainties with respect to government laws, policies and regulations in the markets in which we operate.
We are subject to a wide variety of laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate. The ridesharing industry and our business model are relatively nascent and rapidly evolving. Regulations have impacted or could impact, among others, the nature of and scope of offerings we are able to make available through our platform, the pricing of offerings on our platform, our relationship with, and incentives, fees and commissions provided to or charged from, drivers, incentives provided to riders, our ability to operate in certain segments of our business, our ownership percentage in operating entities that may be subject to foreign ownership restrictions and insurance we are required to maintain. For example, in Egypt we are subject to licensing and other requirements under Law No. 87 of 2018 and the Executive Regulation by Presidential Decree No. 2180 of 2019, which regulate ridesharing companies such as ours. We have also previously entered into agreements with the Egyptian Competition Authority in relation to the regulation of pricing and offerings in our industry. We expect that our
 
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ability to manage our relationships with regulators in each of our markets, as well as existing and evolving regulations, will continue to impact our results in the future. Due to the nascent and uncertain state of the legal frameworks governing the ridesharing industry in the jurisdictions in which we operate, we have not obtained all of the required licenses and permits for certain cities where we operate; however, we are continuously making efforts to obtain such licenses and permits. Please see the section entitled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Regulatory, Legal and Tax Factors Affecting Swvl—Uncertainties with respect to the legal systems in the jurisdictions in which Swvl operates, including changes in laws and the adoption and interpretation of new laws and regulations, could adversely affect Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results”.
We are also subject to a number of laws and regulations specifically governing the Internet and mobile devices, and these laws and regulations are constantly evolving. Existing and future laws and regulations, or changes thereto, may impede the growth and availability of the Internet and online offerings, require us to change our business practices or raise compliance costs or other costs of doing business. In particular, as we expand our operations internationally, we expect to become subject to GDPR, which regulates the collection, control, sharing, disclosure, use and other processing of personal data and imposes stringent data protection requirements and significant penalties, and the risk of litigation or other action, for noncompliance. The GDPR has resulted in and will continue to result in significantly greater compliance burdens and costs for companies with users and operations in the European Union. As we expand our business internationally, we will become subject to these costs and burdens in an effort to comply with GDPR.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
Revenue represents the gross amount of fares charged to
end-users
of the Swvl platform, as reduced by
end-user
discounts and promotions, sales refunds, uncollected cash and sales waivers. For further details on our revenue recognition, please see the subsection entitled “Critical Accounting Estimates—Revenue”.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists of costs directly related to delivering transportation services, which include payments to captains for operating our routes (net of any deductions, including amounts charged to captains on account of breach of terms of service), bonuses payable to captains and tolls and fines paid by Swvl. Cost of sales does not include any depreciation or amortization expenses. Our depreciation and amortization expenses are almost exclusively attributable to
non-revenue
generating activities, including depreciation of our facilities and equipment used to support back office operations and depreciation of
right-of-use
assets associated with corporate leases.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel-related compensation costs including employee share scheme charges, professional services fees, technology costs, office costs, travel costs, depreciation, insurance, rent, bank fees, foreign exchange losses/gains, utilities, communication and other corporate costs. General and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of growth marketing expenses, offline marketing expenses, personnel compensation expenses and the costs of credits offered to riders for referring new riders. Selling and marketing costs are expensed as incurred.
Provision for Expected Credit Losses
This consists of the provision for expected credit loss against trade and other receivables.
 
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Other Expenses
Other expenses consist primarily of indirect tax expenses and other expenses not categorized elsewhere.
Finance Income
Finance income consists primarily of interest income from bank deposits.
Finance Costs
Finance costs consist primarily of lease finance charges and interest expense on the convertible notes issued by Swvl during the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “Swvl Convertible Notes”).
Tax
This primarily relates to the deferred tax asset created on tax losses incurred by the Company, which can be set off against future taxable income.
 
A.
Operating Results
Results of Operations
The following selected consolidated financial data are derived from the audited financial statements of the Company, and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the related notes and the rest of the section of this prospectus entitled “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results of future operations.
 
    
Six Months Ended June 30
   
Year Ended December 31
 
($ million)
  
2022
   
2021
   
2021
   
2020
   
2019
 
Revenue
     40.7       12.9       38.3       17.3       12.4  
Cost of sales
     (49.3     (15.9     (48.9     (26.4     (33.8
Gross loss
  
 
(8.6
 
 
(3.0
 
 
(10.6
 
 
(9.1
 
 
(21.4
General and administrative expenses
     (51.3     (34.0     (74.7     (18.6     (10.8
Selling and marketing expenses
     (12.2     (4.9     (13.7     (4.7     (8.3
Provision for expected credit losses
     (2.2     (0.4     (1.3     (0.7     (0.3
Other expenses
     2.9       (0.5     (0.2     (0.2     (0.1
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Operating loss
  
 
(71.3
 
 
(42.8
 
 
(100.5
 
 
(33.4
 
 
(40.9
Change in fair value of financial liabilities
     62.3       —         —         —         —    
Recapitalization costs
     (139.6     —         —         —         —    
Impairment of financial assets
     (10.0     —         —         —         —    
Finance income
     0.1       0.4       0.2       0.6       0.4  
Finance costs
  
 
(3.7
 
 
(39.6
 
 
(45.9
 
 
(0.1
 
 
(0.1
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Loss for the year before tax
  
 
(162.2
 
 
(82.4
 
 
(146.2
 
 
(32.9
 
 
(40.6
Tax
     0.6       1.7       4.7       3.2       5.4  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Loss for the year
     (161.6     (80.7     (141.4     (29.7     (35.3
Other comprehensive income
     (1.6     0.2       (0.4     (0.3     1.2  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total comprehensive loss for the year
  
 
(163.2
 
 
(80.5
 
 
(141.8
 
 
(30.0
 
 
(34.1
 
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HY 2022 Compared to HY 2021
Revenue
 
    
Six Months Ended

June 30
        
($ million)
  
2022
    
2021
    
HY 2022 – HY

2021 %

Change
 
Total Revenue
   $ 40.7      $ 12.9        215.5
Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was approximately $40.7 million, an increase of approximately $27.8 million, or 215.5%, from the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase in revenue resulted primarily from an overall increase in the order activity on the Swvl platform and increased utilization rate of the existing vehicles in Total Ticket Fares (an operating measure representing the gross order volume processed on our platform) (See “Key Business and
Non-IFRS
Financial Measures—Total Ticket Fares”).
We disaggregate revenue by the type of customer served, with revenue driven from Retail and Travel together considered as “business to consumer”, revenue driven from TaaS and SaaS are considered as “business to business”. Below is the disaggregated revenue information for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and six months ended June 30, 2021.
 
    
Six Months Ended

June 30
        
($ million)
  
2022
    
2021
    
HY 2022 – HY
2021 %
Change
 
Business to customer
   $ 15.4      $ 5.1        202
Business to business “TaaS”
     24.9        7.8        219.2
Business to business “SaaS”
     0.5        0.0        100
“Business to consumer” revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were approximately $15.4 million, an increase of approximately $10.3 million, or 202%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase in revenue resulted primarily from an overall increase in the order activity on the Swvl platform and increased utilization rate of the existing vehicles in Total Ticket Fares (an operating measure representing the gross order volume processed on our platform) (See “Key Business and
Non-IFRS
Financial Measures—Total Ticket Fares”).
“Business to business” TaaS revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were approximately $24.9 million, an increase of approximately $17.1 million, or 219.2%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase in revenue resulted primarily from an overall increase in the order activity by corporate customers on the Swvl platform and some recovery in business performance from the
COVID-19
pandemic.
“Business to business” SaaS revenues for six months ended June 30, 2022 were approximately $0.5 million, attributable to SaaS products operated by Shotl.
 
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Cost of Sales
 
    
Six Months Ended

June 30
        
($ million)
  
2022
    
2021
    
HY 2022 – HY
2021 %
Change
 
Captain costs, net of deductions
   $ 46.7      $ 14.9        212.8
Captain Bonuses
   $ 0.5      $ 0.4        25
Tolls and Fines
   $ 2.1      $ 0.6        250
Total Cost of Sales
   $ 49.3      $ 15.9        210.1
Cost of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was approximately $49.3 million, an increase of approximately $33.4 million, or 210.1%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. This increase is primarily a result of an overall increase in Captain costs, which is a direct result of the overall increase in the demand and volume of order activity on the Swvl platform. High-performing drivers and vehicle operators are eligible, at Swvl’s discretion, for bonus payments based on several performance measures. Captain bonuses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were approximately $0.5 million, an increase of approximately $0.4 million, or 25% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Tolls and fines for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were approximately $2.1 million, an increase of $1.5 million, or 250%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. This increase is in line with the overall increase in volume of order activity on the Swvl platform, which translates into a higher number of vehicles incurring tolls and fines while completing trips.
General and Administrative Expenses
 
    
Six Months Ended

June 30
        
($ million)
  
2022
    
2021
    
HY 2022 – HY
2021 %
Change
 
General and administrative expenses
   $ 51.3      $ 34.0        50.9
General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were approximately $51.3 million, an increase of approximately $17.3 million, or 50.9% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in insurance costs to $1.9 million, technology costs to $5.7 million, professional fees to $5.8 million, customer experience costs to $2.3 million and other general expenses $4.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to $0.1 million, $1.1 million, $1.8 million, $0.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2021. These increases are a result of Swvl’s increasing headcount, business size and general volume of activity from the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
 
   
Six Months Ended

June 30
        
($ million)
 
2022
    
2021
    
HY 2022 – HY
2021 %
Change
 
Selling and marketing expenses
    12.2        4.9        149
Selling and marketing expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were approximately $12.2 million, an increase of approximately $7.3 million, or 149%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to growth marketing expenses amounting to $6.9 million and staff costs amounting to $3.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to $2.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively,
 
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during the six months ended June 30, 2021. Increases in growth marketing expenses and staff costs are on account of increased online and offline marketing during the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021 and higher headcount being 545 and 751 in the six months ended June 30, 2022 and the six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
Provision for Expected Credit Losses
 
   
Six Months Ended

June 30
        
($ million)
 
2022
    
2021
    
HY 2022 – HY
2021 %
Change
 
Provision for expected credit losses
    2.2        0.4        450
Provision for expected credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was approximately $2.2 million, an increase of approximately $1.8 million, or approximately 450%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase in provision for expected credit losses resulted from the increase in the trade receivable balance, which is in line with the business growth in the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Other Income and Other Expenses
 
   
Six Months Ended

June 30
        
($ million)
 
2022
    
2021
    
HY 2022 – HY
2021 %
Change
 
Other expenses
    (0.2      (0.5      (60 %) 
Other income
    0.5        0        100
Other expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were approximately $0.2 million, as compared to $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The reduction is mainly on account of incurring less
non-recoverable
VAT expense as part of the efforts of efficient tax planning.
Other income for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were approximately $0.5 million as compared to $0 in the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase is on account of a reversal of management compensation for door2door.
Finance Income and Finance Cost
 
   
Six Months Ended

June 30
        
($ million)
 
2022
    
2021
    
HY 2022 – HY
2021 %
Change
 
Finance income
    0.1        0.0      100
Finance costs
    3.7        39.6        90.7
 
*
Less than $100,000
Finance income for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was approximately $0.1 million, as compared to $0.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
 
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Finance costs for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were approximately $3.7 million, as compared to $39.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase in finance costs was primarily due to the embedded derivatives relating to the Swvl Convertible Notes carried at fair value through the condensed interim consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which has been converted in the six months ended June 30, 2022 in accordance with the closing of the Business Combination.
Tax
 
    
Six Months Ended

June 30
        
($ million)
  
2022
    
2021
    
HY 2022 – HY
2021 %
Change
 
Tax
     0.6        1.7        64.7
Tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was approximately $0.6 million, a decrease of approximately $1.1 million, or 64.7% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. Tax benefit is only recorded to the extent recoverable from future taxable profits. We have assessed $0.6 million to be additionally recoverable from results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022.
FY 2021 Compared to FY 2020
Revenue
 
    
Year Ended

December 2021
        
($ million)
  
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 – FY

2021 %

Change
 
Total Revenue
   $ 38.3      $ 17.3        121
Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $38.3 million, an increase of approximately $21 million, or 121%, from the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in revenue resulted primarily from an overall increase in the order activity on the Swvl platform and increased utilization rate of the existing vehicles in Total Ticket Fares (an operating measure representing the gross order volume processed on our platform) (See “Key Business and
Non-IFRS
Financial Measures—Total Ticket Fares”).
We disaggregate revenue by the type of customer served, with revenue driven from Retail and Travel together considered as “business to consumer”, revenue driven from TaaS considered as “business to business” and revenue driven from SaaS considered as “business to business.” Below is the disaggregated revenue information for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
 
    
Year Ended

December 31
        
($ million)
  
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 – FY
2021 %
Change
 
Business to customer
   $ 18.7      $ 6.6        183
Business to business “TaaS”
     19.6        10.7        83
Business to business “SaaS”
          —          N/A  
 
*
Less than $100,000
“Business to consumer” revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021 were approximately $18.7 million, an increase of approximately $12.1 million, or 183%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The
 
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increase in revenue resulted primarily from an overall increase in the order activity on the Swvl platform and increased utilization rate of the existing vehicles in Total Ticket Fares (an operating measure representing the gross order volume processed on our platform) (See “Key Business and
Non-IFRS
Financial Measures—Total Ticket Fares”).
“Business to business” TaaS revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021 were approximately $19.6 million, an increase of approximately $8.9 million, or 83%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in revenue resulted primarily from an overall increase in the order activity by corporate customers on the Swvl platform and some recovery in business performance from the
COVID-19
pandemic.
“Business to business” SaaS revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021 were less than $100,000, attributable to our acquisition of Shotl, by which we generated revenue in relation to SaaS products operated by Shotl.
Cost of Sales
 
    
Year Ended

December 31
        
($ million)
  
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 – FY
2021 %
Change
 
Captain costs, net of deductions
   $ 47.1      $ 23.2        103
Captain Bonuses
     1.1        1.2        -8
Tolls and Fines
     0.7        2.1        -67
Total Cost of Sales
   $ 48.9      $ 26.4        85
Cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $48.9 million, an increase of approximately $22.5 million, or 85%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase is primarily a result of an overall increase in Captain costs, which is a direct result of the overall increase in the demand and volume of order activity on the Swvl platform. These increases were partially offset by $0.6 million in deductions in Captain costs that relate to overall Captain performance and fulfillment of contractual obligations. High-performing drivers and vehicle operators are eligible, at Swvl’s discretion, for bonus payments based on several performance measures. Captain bonuses for the year ended December 31, 2021 were approximately $1.1 million, a decrease of approximately $0.1 million, or
-8%
compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. This decrease was a result of reductions in our bonus programs to existing drivers and vehicle operators. Tolls and fines for the year ended December 31, 2021 were approximately $0.7 million, a decrease of $1.4 million, or 67%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. This decrease is due to improvement in Captain performance and limitations on approvals by Swvl of reimbursement to drivers and vehicle operators of tolls and fines.
General and Administrative Expenses
 
    
Year Ended

December 31
        
($ million)
  
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 – FY
2021 %
Change
 
General and administrative expenses
   $ 74.4      $ 18.6        302
General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021 were approximately $74.7 million, an increase of approximately $56.1 million, or 302%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to an increase in employee share scheme charges from $2.8 million to $33.6 million in FY 2020 to FY 2021 resulting from an increase in the fair value of the Swvl Options (as defined in the section “Compensation—Swvl 2019 Share Option Plan”) as at December 31, 2021, ranging from $13,430 per Swvl Option, as compared to $2,353.6 per Swvl Option as at December 31, 2020. Furthermore, the number of
 
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Swvl Options issued during the year ended December 31, 2021 were 3,874 as compared to 2,267 for the year ended December 31, 2020. Furthermore, the total number of outstanding Swvl Options were 5,639 as at December 31, 2021 as compared to 2,958 as at December 31, 2020. The main factor driving the fair value of the Swvl Options is the estimated business valuation of Swvl as a result of the Business Combination and the share issuance to the SPAC’s shareholders.
Pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, in connection with the Business Combination, each outstanding Swvl Option was assumed and converted into an option to purchase approximately 1,509.963 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares, at an exercise price equal to the exercise price per share of such Swvl Option prior to the Business Combination divided by approximately 1,509.963.
Further, the increase results from a $8.4 million increase in staff costs on account of headcount increasing from 516 to 606 from FY 2020 to FY 2021, professional fees of $7.2 million, and technology costs of $2.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
 
    
Year Ended

December 31
        
($ million)
  
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 – FY
2021 %
Change
 
Selling and marketing expenses
     13.7        4.7        191
Selling and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021 were approximately $13.7 million, an increase of approximately $9 million, or 191%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to growth marketing expenses amounting to $7.9 million and staff costs amounting to $3.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $2.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2020. Increases in growth marketing expenses and staff costs are on account of increased online and offline marketing during the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 and higher headcount being 516 and 606 from FY 2020 to FY 2021, respectively.
Provision for Expected Credit Losses
 
    
Year ended

December 31
        
($ million)
  
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 – FY
2021 %
Change
 
Provision for expected credit losses
     1.3        0.7        86
Provision for expected credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $1.3 million, an increase of approximately $0.6 million, or approximately 86%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in provision for expected credit losses resulted from the increase in the receivable balance, which is in line with the business growth in the period ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020.
Other Expenses
 
    
Year ended

December 31
        
($ million)
  
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 – FY
2021 %
Change
 
Other expenses
     0.2        0.2       
 
*
Percentage not meaningful
 
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Other expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021 were approximately $0.2 million, as compared to $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Other expenses primarily represent
non-recoverable
indirect taxes incurred during 2021 on account of the higher number of transactions.
Finance Income and Finance Cost
 
    
Year ended

December 31
        
($ million)
  
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 – FY
2021 %
Change
 
Finance income
     0.2        0.6       
Finance costs
     45.9        0.1       
 
*
Percentage not meaningful
Finance income for the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $0.2 million, as compared to $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease is driven by the release of government treasury bills during the year ended December 31, 2021 which was held by Swvl Egypt.
Finance costs for the year ended December 31, 2021 were approximately $45.9 million, as compared to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in finance costs was primarily due to the embedded derivatives relating to the Swvl Convertible Notes carried at fair value through the condensed interim consolidated statement of comprehensive income for FY 2021. The charge is on account of the increase in fair value from inception of the Swvl Convertible Notes to December 31, 2021. In addition, there was an increase of $1.4 million in accrued interest expense on account of the Swvl Convertible Notes.
Tax
 
    
Year Ended

December 31
        
($ million)
  
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 – FY
2021 %
Change
 
Tax
     4.7        3.1        52
Tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $4.7 million, an increase of approximately $1.6 million, or 52% compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily on account of the additional tax losses in the consolidated financial statements of FY 2021, on which Swvl recognizes deferred tax assets.
Tax for the year ended December 31, 2020 was approximately $3.2 million, a decrease of approximately $2.2 million, or 41%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in tax was primarily due to a reduction in the underlying tax losses during the year.
 
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Key Business and
Non-IFRS
Financial Measures
In addition to the measures presented in our consolidated financial statements, we use the following key business and
non-IFRS
financial measures to help us evaluate our business, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.
 
   
Six Months Ended June 30
   
Year Ended December 31
 
   
2022
   
2021
   
2021
   
2020
   
2019
 
Total Bookings (in millions) (1)
    40.1       10.7       32.3       16.8       19.1  
Total Ticket Fares (in millions) (2)
  $ 56     $ 17.6     $ 54.9     $ 26.2       25.9  
Average Ticket Fare (3)
  $ 1.4     $ 1.6     $ 1.7     $ 1.56     $ 1.36  
Total Available Seats (in millions) (4)
    44.8       13.4       39.2       22.6       31.9  
Cost per Available Seat (5)
  $ 1.1     $ 1.19     $ 1.26     $ 1.17     $ 1.06  
Utilization (6)
    89     80     82     74     60
Adjusted EBITDA (in millions) (7)
    (60.09     (19.5     (64.6     (29.7     (40.4
Contribution Margin (8)
    (24.8     (8.4     (34.9     (18.5     (35.2
Notes:
(1)
Total Bookings is an operating measure representing the total number of seats booked by riders and corporate customers (completed or cancelled) on our platform, over the period of measurement.
(2)
Total Ticket Fares is an operating measure representing the total dollars processed on Swvl’s platform for seats booked.
(3)
Average Ticket Fare is an operating measure representing the average fare charged to riders and corporate customers per booked seat, calculated as Total Ticket Fares divided by the Total Bookings, over the period of measurement.
(4)
Total Available Seats is an operating measure representing the total number of seats made available on our platform (whether utilized or not), over the period of measurement.
(5)
Cost per Available Seat means the average cost to Swvl for each seat made available on our platform, calculated as cost of sales divided by Total Available Seats, over the period of measurement. Cost per Available Seat is a function of Total Available Seats, and does not vary based on Utilization.
(6)
Utilization is an operating measure representing the level of occupancy of the seats made available on our platform (i.e., the proportion of the seats made available on our platform that were occupied by riders), calculated as Total Bookings divided by Total Available Seats, over the period of measurement.
(7)
Adjusted EBITDA is a
non-IFRS
financial measure calculated as loss for the year adjusted to exclude: (i) depreciation of property and equipment, (ii) depreciation of
right-of-use
assets, (iii) employee
share-based
payments charges, (iv) foreign exchange gains/losses, (v) provision for employees’ end of service benefits, (vi) indirect tax expenses, (vii) finance income, (viii) finance costs, (ix) transaction costs relating to the Business Combination and (x) tax. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable IFRS measure please see the section entitled “Reconciliation of
Non-IFRS
Financial Measures”.
(8)
Contribution Margin is a
non-IFRS
financial measure calculated as Adjusted EBITDA for the period adjusted to exclude: (i) employee salaries, (ii) real estate related expenses, (iii) travel related expenses, and (iv) other general fixed operating expenses, over the period of measurement. For a reconciliation of Contribution Margin to the most directly comparable IFRS measure, please see the section entitled “Reconciliation of
Non-IFRS
Financial Measures.”
Total Bookings
Total Bookings is an operating measure defined as the total number of seats booked by riders and corporate customers on our platform, over the period of measurement. We use this metric to measure the actual volume of seats booked on our platform and utilized on our fleet (including full capacity of completed routes for TaaS customers without regard to actual Utilization). While Total Bookings have historically grown with the growth of our business, we experienced a decline from 19.1 million Total Bookings in FY 2019 to 16.8 million Total
 
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Bookings in FY 2020, primarily as a result of decreased demand resulting from the
COVID-19
pandemic. This decrease was partially offset by geographic expansion and an increase in the number of riders using our platform.
 
   
Six Months Ended

June 30
          
Year Ended

December 31
        
($ million)
 
2022
   
2021
    
HY 2022 –
HY 2021

% Change
   
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 –
FY 2021

% Change
 
Business to customer
    8.2       2.9        183     10.7        7.2        48.6
Business to business
    31.9       7.8        309     21.6        9.6        125.0
Total Bookings
    40.1       10.7        275     32.3        16.8        92.3
Although we expect a return to growth in Total Bookings as the markets in which we operate recover from the
COVID-19
pandemic, uncertainty remains as to the nature and timing of a full recovery. Total Bookings increased from 16.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 to 32.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. Total Bookings continued to increase in 2022, increasing from 10.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021 to 40.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022. While these increases show some signs of recovery in the markets in which we operate, the increase in Total Bookings is primarily a result of an increase in the order activity by corporate customers on the Swvl platform and the modification or lifting of
COVID-19
restrictions, including increased business travel and commuting.
Total Ticket Fares
Total Ticket Fares is an operating measure representing the total dollars processed on Swvl’s platform for seats booked. We use Total Ticket Fares as an indicator of our growth and business performance as it measures the dollar volume of transactions on our platform. Total Ticket Fares has historically increased as our business has grown. As a result of the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic, Total Ticket Fares declined during the second quarter of FY 2020. Recovery started from the third quarter of FY 2020, with Total Ticket Fares returning to monthly levels substantially near
pre-COVID-19
monthly levels by the end of FY 2020, resulting in Total Ticket Fares of $26.2 million for FY 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2021, Total Ticket Fares increased to $54.9 million from $26.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, Total Ticket Fares increased to $56 million from $17.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021, as the business continues its recovery from the
COVID-19
related restrictions and due to an increase in advertising and marketing campaigns.
 
   
Six Months Ended

June 30
          
Year Ended

December 31
        
($ million)
 
2022
   
2021
    
HY 2022 –
HY 2021

% Change
   
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 –
FY 2021

% Change
 
Business to customer
    25.7       9.6        168     33.8        14.8        128.4
Business to business
    30.3       8.0        279     21.1        11.4        85.1
Total Ticket Fares
    56       17.6        218     54.9        26.2        109.5
Average Ticket Fare
Average Ticket Fare means the average fare charged to riders and corporate customers per booked seat, calculated as Total Ticket Fares divided by the Total Bookings, over the period of measurement. We use Average Ticket Fare internally to evaluate how we are pricing our seats and routes to corporate customers in relation to the Cost per Available Seat to ensure we maintain our target margins. Average Ticket Fare increased from $1.36 in FY 2019 to $1.56 in FY 2020, primarily as a result of changes in pricing, travel distance and geographic mix. This upward trend continued during the year ended December 31, 2021, with an Average Ticket Fare of $1.70 compared to $1.56 during the year ended December 31, 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, Average Ticket Fare was $1.40 compared to $1.60 during the six months ended June 30, 2021.
 
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Total Available Seats
Total Available Seats represents the total capacity of rides available on our platform (whether utilized or not), and is the aggregate of the number of seats made available on our platform. This measure includes both used and unused seats on our platform. We track Total Available Seats internally to ensure we optimize the capacity available on the platform. We review it together with our Total Bookings, as the relationship between these two metrics drives our Utilization. Total Available Seats has historically increased as our business has grown. As a result of the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic, Total Available Seats declined in FY 2020 to 22.6 million. During the year ended December 31, 2021, Total Available Seats increased to 39.2 million and during the six months ended June 30, 2022, Total Available Seats increased to 44.8 million. These increases reflect growth from new routes on the Swvl platform. Advertising and marketing campaigns and the resulting increase in demand for rides also resulted in an increase in Total Available Seats.
 
   
Six Months Ended

June 30
          
Year Ended

December 31
        
($ million)
 
2022
   
2021
    
HY 2022 –
HY 2021

% Change
   
2021
    
2020
    
FY 2020 –
FY 2021

% Change
 
Total Available Seats
    44.8       13.4        234.3     39.2        22.6        73.5
Cost per Available Seat
Cost per Available Seat means the average cost to Swvl for each seat made available on our platform (whether utilized or not) and is calculated as cost of sales divided by Total Available Seats, over the period of measurement. We track Cost per Available Seat internally to ensure that the cost at which suppliers are joining our platform reduces with time. We review it together with our Average Ticket Fare, as the relationship between these two metrics have a material impact on our margins. While Cost per Available Seat has historically tended to decrease over time for each offering within a single geography, the overall Cost per Available Seat is influenced by changes in ride distance and geographic mix. Cost per Available Seat increased from $1.06 in FY 2019 to $1.17 in FY 2020. Cost per Available Seat also increased from $1.17 during the year ended December 31, 2020 to $1.26 during the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily as a result of increases in ride distances and changes in our geographic mix. Cost per Available Seat decreased from $1.19 during the six months ended June 30, 2021 to $1.10 during the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily as a result of contract refinement and increased engagement with suppliers providing favorable cost rates.
Utilization
Utilization means the level of occupancy of the seats made available on our platform (i.e. the proportion of the seats made available on our platform that were occupied by riders), calculated as Total Bookings divided by Total Available Seats, over the period of measurement. We track Utilization internally to ensure that the level of occupancy of the seat capacity increases with time. Utilization increased from 60% in FY 2019 to 74% in FY 2020, primarily as a result of dynamic pricing, cross-dispatch and dynamic routing. This upward trend continued during the year ended December 31, 2021, with an average utilization of 82% compared to 74% during the year ended December 31, 2020. The six months ended June 30, 2022 had an average utilization of 89% compared to 80% during the six months ended June 30, 2021, sustaining this upward trend.
 
    
Six Months Ended

June 30
         
Year Ended

December 31
       
($ million)
  
2022
   
2021
   
HY 2022 –
HY 2021

% Change
   
2021
   
2020
   
FY 2020 –
FY 2021

% Change
 
Utilization
     89     80     11.3     82     74     10.8
 
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Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is a
non-IFRS
financial measure calculated as loss for the year adjusted to exclude the following items which we do not believe are reflective of our operating performance: (i) depreciation of property and equipment, (ii) depreciation of
right-of-use
assets, (iii) employee share-based payment charges, (iv) foreign exchange gains/losses, (v) provision for employees’ end of service benefits, (vi) indirect tax expenses, (vii) finance income, (viii) finance cost, (ix) transaction costs related to the Business Combination, (x) tax, (xi) recapitalization costs, (xii) changes in fair value of financial liabilities, (xiii) gain on disposal of
right-of-use
assets and (xiv) impairment of financial assets.
Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as a financial measure, should be considered as supplemental in nature, and is not meant as a substitute for the related financial information prepared in accordance with IFRS. These limitations include the following:
 
   
Adjusted EBITDA excludes certain recurring,
non-cash
charges, such as depreciation of property and equipment and
right-of-use
assets, and although these are
non-cash
charges, the assets being depreciated may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect all cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;
 
   
Adjusted EBITDA excludes employee share-based payment charges, which has been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, a significant recurring expense in our business and an important part of our compensation strategy;
 
   
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect period to period changes in taxes, income tax expense or the cash necessary to pay income taxes;
 
   
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the components of foreign currency exchange gains (losses) or finance cost/income, net; and
 
   
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any expenses related to the Business Combination or PIPE Financing.
For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable IFRS measure please see the section entitled “Reconciliation of
Non-IFRS
Financial Measures.”
Contribution Margin
Contribution Margin is a
non-IFRS
financial measure calculated as Adjusted EBITDA for the period and adjusted to exclude: (i) employee salaries, (ii) real estate related expenses, (iii) travel related expenses, and (iv) other general fixed operating expenses, over the period of measurement. Swvl began tracking Contribution Margin in 2022 following announcement of Swvl’s portfolio optimization plan on May 31, 2022. One of the objectives of the portfolio optimization plan is to turn cash flow positive in 2023, excluding certain fixed expenses that remain constant and do not vary with the size of Swvl’s business. Tracking Contribution Margin contributes to implementation of the portfolio optimization plan and we intend to track Contribution Margin going forward. Contribution Margin decreased to negative $34.9 million in the year ended December 21, 2021 from negative $18.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2020. Contribution Margin was negative $24.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022, a decrease from negative $8.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021.
For a reconciliation of Contribution Margin to the most directly comparable IFRS measure please see the section entitled “Reconciliation of
Non-IFRS
Financial Measures.”
 
   
Six Months Ended

June 30
         
Year Ended

December 31
       
($ million)
 
2022
   
2021
   
HY 2022 –
HY 2021

% Change
   
2021
   
2020
   
FY 2020 –
FY 2021

% Change
 
Contribution Margin
    (24.8     (8.4     195.2     (34.9     (18.5     89
 
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Reconciliation of
Non-IFRS
Financial Measures
To supplement our financial information, we use the
non-IFRS
financial measures of Adjusted EBITDA and Contribution Margin. However, our definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Contribution Margin may be different from those used by other companies, and therefore, may not be comparable. Furthermore, our definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Contribution Margin have limitations in that they do not include the impact of certain expenses that are reflected in our consolidated financial statements that are necessary to run our business. Thus, Adjusted EBITDA and Contribution Margin should be considered in addition to, not as, substitute for, or in isolation from, measures prepared in accordance with IFRS.
We compensate for these limitations by providing a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and Contribution Margin to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measure, loss for the year. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure and to view Adjusted EBITDA and Contributions in conjunction with the related IFRS financial measures.
Reconciliation from Loss for the Year to Adjusted EBITDA
 
   
Six Months Ended June 30
   
Year Ended December 31
 
($ million)
 
2022
   
2021
   
2021
   
2020
   
2019
 
Loss for the year
 
 
(161.6
 
 
(80.7
 
 
(141.4
 
 
(29.7
 
 
(35.3
Add: Depreciation of property and equipment
    0.37       0.1       0.2       0.1       0.0  
Add: Depreciation of
right-of-use
assets
    0.70       0.2       0.5       0.4       0.2  
Add: Employee share scheme charges
    0.3       22.3       33.6       2.8       0.4  
Add: Provision for employees’ end of service benefits
    0.32       0.2       0.7       0.2       —    
Add: Indirect tax expense
    0.15       0.4       0.2       0.2       0.1  
Add/Less: Foreign exchange losses/(gains)
    0.0       0.0       0.6       0.0       (0.1
Less: Finance income
    0.0       0.0       (0.2     (0.6     (0.4
Add: Finance costs
    3.73       39.6       45.9       0.1       0.1  
Less: Tax
    (0.62     (1.8     (4.7     (3.2     (5.4
Add: Recaptilization costs (1)
    139.61       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0  
Less: Changes in fair value of financial liabilities
    (62.32     0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0  
Less: Gain on disposal of
right-of-use
assets
    (0.09     0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0  
Add: Impairment of financial assets
    10.00       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0  
Add: business combination expenses
    11.43       0.3       —         —         —    
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA
 
 
(60.1
 
 
(19.5
 
 
(64.6
 
 
(29.7
 
 
(40.4
Employee Salaries
    18.1       7.5       25.4       9.7       4.2  
Real Estate Related Expenses
    0.4       0.2       1.4       0.5       0.2  
Travel Related Expenses
    1.6       0.4       1.4       0.4       0.1  
Other General Fixed Operating Expenses
    15.2       3.1       1.5       0.6       0.7  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Contribution Margin
 
 
(24.8
 
 
(8.4
 
 
(34.9
 
 
(18.5
 
 
(35.2
 
(1)
Recapitalization costs represent the difference between the fair value of Holdings Common Shares A and the fair value of SPAC’s identifiable net assets (including the SPAC Public Warrants and SPAC Private Placement Warrants) after taking into account the impact of the earnout arrangement. These costs are a nonrecurring item.
 
  B
.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity have been cash and cash equivalents raised from the issuance of convertible notes, equity financing and cash generated from operating activities.
Our total liabilities exceeded our total assets by approximately $89.7 million as of December 31, 2021, but total assets exceeded our total liabilities by approximately $18.4 million as of December 31, 2020. We incurred a
 
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loss for the year of approximately $141.4 million, $29.7 million and $35.3 million for FY 2021, FY 2020 and FY 2019, respectively. In addition, we had accumulated losses of approximately $216.1 million and $74.7 million as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. To support our business plans, we have historically raised funding primarily through the issuance of preferred shares, and we raised approximately $26.4 million and $47.1 million of cash during FY 2020 and FY 2019, respectively, through the issuance of preferred equity securities. As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $9.5 million, $10.3 million and $15.3 million, respectively.
We secured additional liquidity in 2021 and 2022 through the issuance of $27.7 million of Swvl Convertible Notes and the issuance of $71.8 million of exchangeable notes (the “Swvl Exchangeable Notes”).
Our cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash with banks or other financial institutions that is unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. Our cash and cash equivalents are primarily denominated in U.S. Dollars as well as in local currencies of the markets where we operate. Additionally, we will receive the proceeds from any exercise of any Warrants in cash. Each Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of Class A Ordinary Shares at a price of $11.50 per share. The aggregate amount of proceeds could be up to $200.5 million if all Warrants are exercised for cash. We expect to use any such proceeds for general corporate and working capital purposes, which would increase our liquidity, but do not need such proceeds to fund our operations.
We believe the likelihood that warrant holders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is dependent upon the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. When the market price for our Class A Ordinary Shares is less than $11.50 per share (i.e., the Warrants are “out of the money”), which it is at the time of this prospectus, we believe warrant holders will be unlikely to exercise their Warrants.
We believe that our current available cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our working capital requirements and capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business for a period of at least twelve months from the date of this prospectus, and our ability to continue funding our existing and future operations is not dependent upon receiving cash proceeds from the exercise of any Warrants. We intend to finance our future working capital requirements and capital expenditures from cash generated from operating activities, funds raised from financing activities, and funds raised in connection with the Business Combination, including proceeds raised from the PIPE Financing and the funds released from the SPAC’s trust account after giving effect to any redemptions. Upon consummation of the Business Combination and after giving effect to redemptions of 29,175,999 SPAC Class A Ordinary Shares, amounting to $291,853,889.71, as of the Company Merger Effective Time, the cash on hand in the SPAC’s trust account was $53,257,144.90. Although we did not receive all of the cash originally held in the SPAC’s trust account, we believe our ability to continue funding our existing and future operations is not dependent upon having received all such funds and instead we have been, and believe we will continue to be, able to satisfy our capital needs from our operations and from other financing activities, including our equity line financing arrangement with B. Riley.
Our future capital requirements depend on many factors including our growth rate, the continuing market acceptance of our offerings, the timing and extent of spending to support our efforts to develop our platform, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, and the expansion of our business into new geographies and markets. Further, as part of our growth strategy, we expect to enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, products, services, and/or technologies. To enhance our liquidity position or increase our cash reserve for future investments or operations through additional financing activities, we currently expect to utilize our equity line financing arrangement with B. Riley and we may in the future seek equity or debt financing. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. The sale of a substantial percentage of the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus together with the sale of securities held by B. Riley and the Institutional Investor being offered pursuant to separate prospectuses, or the perception that these sales could occur, may make it more difficult for Swvl to issue additional equity financing on favorable terms, or at all. If Swvl is unable to obtain adequate financing on terms
 
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satisfactory to it or within the timeframe it requires, its ability to continue to support its business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited, and Swvl’s business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Cash Flows
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated.
 
   
Six Months Ended June 30
   
Year Ended December 31
 
($ million)
 
2022
   
2021
   
2021
   
2020
   
2019
 
Cash flow from:
         
Operating Activities
    76.8       (20.2     (62.1     (30.5     (40.0
Investing Activities
    (9.3     (0.1     (11.1     (0.2     (0.4
Financing Activities
    97.7       27.5       72.7       26.0       46.4  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents
 
 
11.5
 
 
 
7.3
 
 
 
(0.5
 
 
(4.7
 
 
6.0
 
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $76.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily consisting of $162.2 million of loss for the year before tax, adjusted for certain
non-cash
items, which included $3.7 million of finance cost charges, a $2.2 million provision for expected credit losses, $0.7 million of depreciation expense related to
right-of-use
assets, a $0.3 million provision for employees’ end of service benefits, $0.7 million of amortization expense related to intangible assets, $10.0 million impairment of financial assets, $139.6 million in recapitalization costs, and $0.4 million of depreciation expense related to property and equipment, offset by $62.3 million change in fair value of financial liabilities. The net change in operating assets and liabilities is primarily the result of an $8.1 million decrease in trade and other receivables on account of increased sales, a $2.0 million increase in accounts payables, accruals and other payables and a $4.0 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets, mainly on account of prepaid insurance.
Net cash used in operating activities was $62.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily consisting of $146.2 million of loss for the year before tax, adjusted for certain
non-cash
items, which included $44.3 million of finance cost charges related to the embedded derivatives relating to the Swvl Convertible Notes, $33.6 million employee share-based payments charges, a $1.3 million provision for expected credit losses, $0.5 million of depreciation expense related to
right-of-use
assets, a $0.7 million provision for employees’ end of service benefits, and less than $0.2 million of depreciation expense related to property and equipment. The net change in operating assets and liabilities is primarily the result of a $4.8 million increase in trade and other receivables (on account of increased sales), a $8.2 million increase in accounts payables, accruals and other payables and a $0.9 increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets.
Net cash used in operating activities was $30.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily consisting of $32.9 million of loss for the year before tax, adjusted for certain
non-cash
items, which included $2.8 million employee share-based payments charges, a $0.7 million provision for expected credit losses, $0.4 million of depreciation expense related to
right-of-use
assets, a $0.2 million provision for employees’ end of service benefits and $0.1 million of depreciation expense related to property and equipment. The net change in operating assets and liabilities is primarily the result of a $1.8 million decrease in trade and other receivables (on account of improved performance on collection of outstanding dues) and a $0.3 million increase in accounts payables, accruals and other payables. Additionally, there was an increase in current tax liabilities of $0.3 million, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of less than $0.1 million and a decrease in advances from shareholders of less than $0.1 million.
Net cash used in operating activities was $40.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily consisting of $40.6 million of loss for the year before tax, adjusted for certain
non-cash
items, which included a
 
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$0.4 million employee share-based payments charges, a $0.3 million provision for credit losses, $0.2 million of depreciation expense related to
right-of-use
assets, and less than $0.1 million of depreciation expense related to property and equipment. The net change in operating assets and liabilities are primarily the result of an increase in current tax liabilities of $0.5 million, a $0.2 million decrease in accounts payables, accruals and other payables and a $0.8 million decrease in trade and other receivables. Additionally, there was a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.2 million.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $9.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which primarily consisted of purchases of approximately $5.0 million in financial assets carried at fair value, $1.7 million of capatilized development costs, $1.5 million in partial payment applied towards the acquisition of a controlling interest in a Swvl subsidiary, and $1.2 million for purchases of property plant and equipment.
Net cash used in investing activities was $11.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, which primarily consisted of purchases of approximately $10 million in short-term convertible notes and $0.8 million in partial payment applied towards the acquisition of a controlling interest in a Swvl subsidiary.
Net cash used in investing activities was $0.2 million in FY 2020 and $0.4 million in FY 2019, consisting of purchases of property and equipment, which included the purchase of fixtures and furniture, leasehold improvements and employee laptops.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $97.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily consisting of $39.7 million in proceeds from PIPE subscription, $32.3 million proceeds from issuance of share capital, and $26.3 million in proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes, offset by lease liabilities paid during the year of $0.4 million, finance cost paid and repayment of loan from related party amounting to $0.2 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $72.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily consisting of $73.2 million in proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes, offset by lease liabilities paid during the year of $0.5 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $26.0 million in 2020, primarily consisting of $26.4 million in proceeds from the issuance of preferred shares, offset by $0.3 million in the repayment of finance lease liabilities.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $46.4 million in 2019, primarily consisting of $47.1 million in proceeds from the issuance of preferred shares, offset by $0.2 million in the repayment of finance lease liabilities and $0.5 million in cancellation of shares.
Holding Company Structure and Dividends
Swvl Holdings Corp is a holding company without substantive business operations. Swvl Holdings Corp conducts its operations primarily through its subsidiaries in the jurisdictions in which it operates. As a result, our ability to pay dividends depends upon dividends paid by our subsidiaries. If our subsidiaries or any newly formed subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to us.
In addition, as determined in accordance with local regulations, our subsidiaries in certain jurisdictions may be restricted from paying us dividends offshore or from transferring a portion of their assets to us, either in the form of dividends, loans or advances, unless certain requirements are met and regulatory approvals are obtained. Even though we currently do not require any such dividends, loans or advances from our entities for working
 
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capital and other funding purposes, we may in the future require additional cash resources from them due to changes in business conditions, to fund future acquisitions and development, or merely to declare and pay dividends or distributions to our shareholders.
Capital Expenditures
Our capital expenditures amounted to approximately $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately $0.2 million in FY 2020 and approximately $0.4 million in FY 2019. Our historical capital expenditures are primarily related to additions and purchases of property and equipment, which included the purchase of fixtures and furniture, leasehold improvements and employee laptops. While we are an asset-light business, we expect to moderately increase our capital expenditures to meet the expected growth in scale of our business and as we expand geographically and bolster our existing offerings. We expect that cash received in connection with the Business Combination and cash from operating activities and financing activities will be used to meet our capital expenditure and marketing spend needs in the foreseeable future.
Indebtedness
We issued the Swvl Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $27.7 million to certain noteholders between March 8, 2021 and May 20, 2021. Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the Swvl Convertible Notes were cancelled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive Class A Ordinary Shares.
In addition to the above, between August 25, 2021 and March 31, 2022, certain PIPE Investors effectively
pre-funded
Swvl with the Swvl Exchangeable Notes. Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the Swvl Exchangeable Notes were automatically exchanged for Class A Ordinary Shares at an exchange price of
$8.50-$9.50
per share (as applicable).
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2021, we did not have any
off-balance
sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2021.
 
    
Payments Due by Period
 
($ million)
  
<1 year
    
1-5 years
    
>5 years
    
Total
 
Convertible Notes
     74.6        0.5        —          75.1  
Lease Liabilities Commitments
     1.3        3.5        —          4.8  
Deferred and Contingent Consideration
     3.0        0.6        —          3.6  
 
  C.
Research and Development, Patents and Licenses
We have made, and will continue to make, significant investments in research and development and technology in an effort to improve our platform and to attract and retain drivers and riders, expand the capabilities and scope of our offerings, and enhance our customer experience. We review and target our research and development activities on an ongoing basis based on the needs of our business. For further detail regarding our research and development costs, please see the section of this prospectus entitled “Business.”
 
  D.
Trend Information
For a discussion of the trends that affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, please see other portions of this section entitled “Operating Results” and the section of this prospectus entitled “Risk Factors.”
 
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  E.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe that the following critical accounting policies reflect the more significant judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue
We recognize revenue in accordance with IFRS 15, which we adopted as of January 1, 2019, the date of our IFRS adoption. The Company derives its revenue principally from
end-users
who use the Swvl platform to access routes predetermined by the Company. Revenue for transport represents the gross amount of fares charged to the
end-user
for these services. The sole performance obligation of the Company is to provide transportation services to the
end-users
by integrating the use of the Swvl platform and a network of captains and vehicles registered on the platform. The
end-users
are charged for using transportation services (i.e. fare charges, net of the discounts and incentives) and are given various incentives (discussed below). The Company recognizes revenue when its performance obligation towards the
end-users
has been satisfied (i.e. when the ride is completed). It is at this point in time that the
end-user
becomes liable to transfer the due consideration to the Company.
The Company evaluates the presentation of revenue on a gross versus net basis based on whether the Company controls the service provided to the
end-user
and is the principal in the transaction (gross), or the Company arranges for other parties (operators and individual captains) to provide the service to the
end-user
and is the agent in the transaction (net). The Company considers itself a principal for the transportation services because it controls the services provided to riders.
End-user
discounts and promotions
The Company offers discounts and promotions to
end-users
to encourage use of the transportation services provided by the Company. These are offered in various forms and include:
 
   
Targeted end user discounts and promotions
. These discounts and promotions are offered to specific
end-users
in a market to acquire,
re-engage
or generally increase
end-users’
use of the platform. Because the
end-user
does not provide the Company with a distinct good or service against these promotions and discounts, the Company deducts the amount of these promotions and discounts from the transaction price when recognizing revenue.
 
   
Free credits
. Swvl provides
end-users
booking intercity routes using Swvl’s Travel platform with free credits to encourage booking a
two-way
trip between origin and destination cities. Under Swvl’s free credit program, a credit is transferred to an
end-user’s
wallet on the Swvl application after the completion of the first trip that the
end-user
can then consume while paying for the return trip. Because the Company provides the discount that is to be used in the future by the
end-user,
the free credit is recognized as a liability until it is redeemed by the
end-user
or the validity period of such credit lapses. However, this liability is not recognized when it is immaterial.
 
   
End-user
referrals
.
End-user
referrals are earned when an existing
end-user
(the referring
end-user)
refers a new
end-user
(the referred
end-user)
to the Swvl platform and the new
end-user
books their first ride on the platform. These referrals are typically paid in the form of a credit given to the referring
end-user.
The referring
end-user
is deemed to provide growth and marketing services to the Company as it provides a distinct good or service against the
end-user
referral discounts. As a result of this, the
end-user
referrals are recognized as selling and marketing costs.
 
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Market-wide promotions
. Market-wide promotions reduce the
end-user
fare charged for all or substantially all rides in a specific market in the form of discounts. As a result, the Company recognizes the cost of these promotions as a reduction of revenue when the ride is completed.
Deferred tax
As Swvl is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, the profits from operations of Swvl are not subject to taxation. However, certain subsidiaries of Swvl are based in taxable jurisdictions such as Egypt, Kenya, and Pakistan where they are liable for tax.
The Company records deferred tax to provide for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax assets have been recognized by a certain subsidiary of the Company on their trading losses where utilization is probable, given that there are probable future taxable profits to offset against these losses. The Company continuously reviews the recoverability of the deferred tax asset for any significant changes to these assumptions.
Share-based payments
Employees (including senior executives) of the Company received remuneration in the form of share-based payments starting in May 2017, whereby employees have rendered services as consideration for equity instruments (i.e., equity-settled transactions).
The Company has issued share-based payment awards, for which “grant date” is not achieved, due to the absence of a formal approval of the terms and conditions of the grant that reflect the intent of this long-term incentive scheme. The award’s terms however, include a condition that the employees would be eligible to exercise their vested options only on an exit event occurring. If an employee leaves the Company before the exit event, the employee could exercise options on a
pro-rata
basis (based on the length of time that the employee has served since the award was granted). Therefore, the cost of awards is recognized in advance of the grant date, over the period services are rendered by the employees, by estimating the fair value of the equity instruments at the end of each reporting period despite the Company’s awards being classified as equity-settled. The grant date was achieved subsequently in July 2021 when the formal terms and conditions were finalized by the Board, which will be communicated and clarified with the employees as part of the exit event. The cost is recognized in employee benefits expense, together with a corresponding increase in equity (other capital reserves). The cumulative expense recognized reflects the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest.
Service and
non-market
performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be
non-vesting
conditions.
Non-vesting
conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award. The probability of an exit event occurring is a
non-vesting
condition, and is included in the fair value of the awards, whose charge is amortized over the period services are rendered by the employees.
 
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MANAGEMENT
Directors and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth the names, ages and positions of our executive officers and directors.
 
Name
  
Age
    
Position(s)
Executive Officers
     
Mostafa Kandil
     29      Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Youssef Salem
     30      Chief Financial Officer
Non-Employee
Directors
     
Dany Farha
     51      Lead Independent Director
W. Steve Albrecht
     75      Independent Director
Esther Dyson
     71      Independent Director
Victoria Grace
     47      Independent Director
Ahmed Sabbah
     29      Director
Lone Fønss Schrøder
     62      Independent Director
Bjorn von Sivers
     34      Independent Director
Gbenga Oyebode
     63      Independent Director
Executive Officers
Mostafa Kandil
is Swvl’s
co-founder
and has served as its Chief Executive Officer since 2017. Prior to founding Swvl, Mr. Kandil held several leadership positions in the ridesharing and technology industries. Mr. Kandil began his career at Rocket Internet, where he launched the car sales platform Carmudi in the Philippines, which became the largest car classifieds company in the country in just six months. He then served as Rocket Internet’s Head of Operations. In 2016, Mr. Kandil joined Careem, a ridesharing company and the first unicorn in the Middle East. He supported the platform’s expansion into multiple new markets. Careem is now a subsidiary of Uber, based in Dubai, with operations across 100 cities and 15 countries. Mr. Kandil graduated from the American University in Cairo in 2014 with a Bachelor’s Degree in Petroleum and Energy Engineering.
Youssef Salem
has served as Swvl’s Chief Financial Officer since September 1, 2021 and leads accounting, tax, treasury, financial planning and analysis functions. Prior to joining Swvl, Mr. Salem spent nine years in investment banking at Moelis & Company and QInvest LLC, where he executed M&A, capital raises and other financing transactions across numerous sectors, including infrastructure, technology, media and telecommunications, financial services and real estate. Mr. Salem was previously an Adjunct Professor of Practice at the American University in Cairo. Mr. Salem received a Bachelor of Science in Actuarial Science from the American University in Cairo and is a CFA Charter-holder and Fellow of the Society of Actuaries.
Non-Employee
Directors
Dany Farha
has served on the Board since February 2018. Mr. Farha is the
co-founder,
CEO and Managing Partner at BECO Capital Investment LLC, a venture capital firm that provides early stage growth capital and
hands-on
operational support for technology companies in the Middle East and North Africa. At BECO Capital, he is responsible for investment decisions, fundraising and general management of the firm. Mr. Farha also currently serves as a director on the boards of Kitopi, PropertyFinder International Ltd., North Ladder and DrBridge Holding Ltd. Mr. Farha is a graduate of UCL in London in Management Sciences and Finance.
W. Steve Albrecht
was the Gunnel Endowed Professor in the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University until his retirement in 2017, where he also previously served as Associate Dean. He previously was a professor at Stanford University and the University of Illinois. He is a Certified Public Accountant, Certified Internal Auditor, and Certified Fraud Examiner. He currently serves on the Board and as Chair of the
 
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Audit & Finance Committee of SkyWest, Inc. (Nasdaq: SKYW). Previously he was Chairman of Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Nasdaq: CY) when it was acquired by Infineon Technologies AG (OTCMKTS: IFNNY) for $10 billion in 2020 and Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of RedHat, Inc. (NYSE: RHT) when it was acquired by IBM (NYSE: IBM) for $35 billion, Director of Sun Power Corporation until it was acquired by the French energy company, Total, and CoreLogic, Inc. until it was sold to two private equity firms. Mr. Albrecht is a former President of the American Accounting Association and Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. He has served as a trustee of both COSO, the organization that establishes internal control standards for public companies, and the Financial Accounting Foundation, which oversees the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the accounting rule-making body in the U.S. He has also been an expert witness in some of the largest financial statement fraud cases in the U.S.
Esther Dyson
has served on the Board since April 2018. Ms. Dyson is the active executive founder of the nonprofit project Wellville and is a leading angel investor focused on technology and other core sectors, with notable investments including 23andMe (former board member), Evernote (former board member), Flickr, Ilara Health, Meetup (former board member), Omada Health, ProofPilot, Square, WPP Group (former board member) and Yandex (board member). Ms. Dyson is also an accomplished journalist, author, commentator, and philanthropist. Ms. Dyson was Founding Chair of ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) from 1998 to 2000 and currently sits on the boards of the Long Now Foundation, Open Corporates and The Commons Project. Ms. Dyson’s prior experience also includes working as a securities analyst for New Court Securities and then Oppenheimer & Co. from 1977 to 1982, where she covered companies in technology and logistics, including the startup Federal Express. Ms. Dyson is also author of the bestselling, widely translated 1996 book “Release 2.0: A Design for Living in the Digital Age.”
Victoria Grace
has served on the Board since March 2022. Ms. Grace was formerly SPAC’s Chief Executive Officer. Ms. Grace is a founding partner of Colle Capital Partners I, LP, an opportunistic, early stage technology venture fund and Chief Executive Officer and Director of Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital II. Prior to founding Colle Capital, Ms. Grace was a partner at Wall Street Technology Partners LP, a
mid-stage
technology fund, from November 2000 to February 2014, and a director of Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein Private Equity Group from November 2000 to October 2004. In addition, Ms. Grace
co-founded,
co-managed
and served as President of Work It, Mom! LLC, a network site for professional moms with an advertising revenue model from 2007 until its merger with another content company in 2012. She also served on the board of directors of VNV Global Ltd., an investment company with a focus on companies with network effects. Ms. Grace has worked with, and made investments in a broad range of companies, including enterprise software, wireless technologies, medical devices, health IT, FinTech, hardware, virtual reality and D2C retail companies. Notable investments that Ms. Grace either led or worked closely with include Apriso (acquired by Dassault Systemes), AZA Group (formerly BitPesa Ltd.), Lon, Inc. (d/b/a Bread) (acquired by Alliance Data Systems Operations), CargoX Ltd., Concourse Global Enrollment, Inc., Health Platforms Inc. (Doctor.com) (acquired by Press Ganey Associates LLC), EnsoData Inc., Hyliion Inc. (NYSE: HYLN), Maven Clinic Co., MaxBone, Inc., MetaStorm Inc. (acquired by OpenText Corporation), Netki, Inc., Numan, Parkside Securities, Inc., QMerit, Inc., Radar, Sensydia Corporation, Skopenow, Inc., Swiftmile, Inc., Syft (acquired by Recruit Holdings Co Ltd., owner of indeed.co.uk) and Vergent Bioscience, Inc. Ms. Grace received her Bachelor of Arts in economics and biochemistry from Washington University in St. Louis in 1997.
Ahmed Sabbah
was a
co-founder
of Swvl and has served on the Board since 2018. Between 2017 and January 2021, Mr. Sabbah was the Chief Technology Officer of Swvl. In February 2021, Mr. Sabbah
co-founded
Telda, a financial technology company aimed at improving the payment and
peer-to-peer
money transfer experience in the Middle East and North Africa. Mr. Sabbah currently serves as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Telda. Mr. Sabbah is a graduate of The German University in Cairo.
Lone Fønss Schrøder
has served on the Board since March 2022. Ms. Fønss Schrøder was one of SPAC’s independent directors and currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer at Concordium AG, the world’s first blockchain with protocol-level identity mechanism, as of February 2019. Ms. Fønss Schrøder is a director
 
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nominee of Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital II and currently sits on the boards of directors of IKEA Group, Volvo Car Group, Aker Group (comprised of Akastor ASA and Aker Solutions ASA which merged with Kvaerner ASA in November 2020), the CSL Group Inc. and Geely Sweden Holdings. She previously served as Chairman of Saxo Bank A/S from 2014 to 2018, Audit Committee Chairman of Valmet Oy from 2014 to 2018, a member of the Credit & Audit Committee of Handelsbanken AB from 2009 to 2014, a member of the Audit Committee of Vattenfall AB from 2005 to 2012 and a member of the Audit Committee of Yara ASD from 2006 to 2011. Ms. Fønss Schrøder
co-founded
the fintech company Cashworks, Inc. in 2016, and formerly served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Wallenius Lines from 2005 to 2010. Additionally, Ms. Fønss Schrøder spent 22 years at A.P. Moller Maersk, where she held several senior management positions, and founded Maersk Procurement and Star Air where she was responsible for the Car Carriers and Bulk division. She was also a Senior Advisor for Credit Suisse from 2014 to 2018 and a former partner of CMC Biologics A/S (which was acquired by AGC Biologics, Inc. in 2016). Ms. Fønss Schrøder received a Masters of Science in Law from the University of Copenhagen in 1987 and a Masters of Science in Economics from the Copenhagen Business School in 1984.
Bjorn von Sivers
has served on the Board since June 2019. Mr. von Sivers has been an Investment Manager and Head of Investor Relations at VNV Global AB in Stockholm, Sweden since 2012. During the period
2014-2017
he was also an investment analyst at Vostok Emerging Finance Ltd and Pomegranate Investment AB. Mr. von Sivers received a Master of Science degree in Finance and Investment from The University of Edinburgh Business School in 2012 and a Bachelor of Science degree in Business and Economics from Lund University in 2011.
Gbenga Oyebode
has served on the Board since March 2022. Mr. Oyebode is the
co-founder
and former chairman of Aluko & Oyebode, one of the largest law firms in Nigeria. Mr. Oyebode currently serves on the boards of Nestlé Nigeria Plc, Lafarge Africa Plc, Socfinaf SA, Okomu Oil Palm Company and PZ Cussons Nigeria PLC. In addition, Mr. Oyebode embodies a spirit of philanthropy through his service as the chairman of Teach for Nigeria, director of Teach for All and as a member of the Global Advisory Council of the African Leadership Academy. Mr. Oyebode also sits on the boards of Jazz at the Lincoln Center, the African Philanthropy Forum, Carnegie Hall and the Ford Foundation. Mr. Oyebode has previously served on the boards of Access Bank Plc and MTN Nigeria Plc. Mr. Oyebode holds bachelor of laws degrees from the University of Ife and the Nigerian Law School and a master of laws degree from the University of Pennsylvania. He also holds one of Nigeria’s highest honors, the Member of the Order of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and is a recipient of the Belgian royal honor of Knight of the Order of Leopold.
Board Practices
Board Composition
The Board is comprised of nine directors and is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. At each annual meeting of shareholders, the successors to directors whose terms then expire will be elected to serve from the time of election and qualification until the third annual meeting following election. Swvl’s directors are divided among the three classes as follows:
the Class I directors are Esther Dyson, Ahmed Sabbah and Gbenga Oyebode and their terms will expire at the annual general meeting of shareholders to be held in 2022;
the Class II directors are Lone Fønss Schrøder, Bjorn von Sivers and W. Steve Albrecht and their terms will expire at the annual general meeting of shareholders to be held in 2023; and
the Class III directors are Mostafa Kandil, Victoria Grace and Dany Farha and their terms will expire at the annual general meeting of shareholders to be held in 2024.
Directors in a particular class are elected for three-year terms at the annual general meeting of shareholders in the year in which their terms expire. As a result, only one class of directors is elected at each annual meeting
 
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of Swvl’s shareholders, with the other classes continuing for the remainder of their respective three-year terms. Each director’s term continues until the election and qualification of his or her successor, or the earlier of his or her death, resignation or removal.
The Articles provide that only the Board can fill vacant directorships, including newly-created seats. Any additional directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors would be distributed pro rata among the three classes so that, as nearly as possible, each class would consist of
one-third
of the authorized number of directors.
Director Independence
Each member of the Board, other than Mostafa Kandil and Ahmed Sabbah, qualifies as independent, as defined under the listing rules of Nasdaq.
Board Committees
The Board has established the following committees: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. The Board may also establish from time to time any other committees that it deems necessary or desirable. The Board and its committees set schedules for meeting throughout the year and can also hold special meetings and act by written consent from time to time, as appropriate. The Board delegates various responsibilities and authority to its committees as generally described below. The committees regularly report on their activities and actions to the full Board. Each member of each committee of the Board is qualified as an independent director in accordance with the listing standards of the Nasdaq. Each committee of the Board has a written charter approved by the Board. Copies of each charter are posted on Swvl’s website at www.swvl.com. The inclusion of Swvl’s website address in this prospectus does not include or incorporate by reference the information on Swvl’s website into this prospectus. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by the Board.
Audit Committee
The members of Swvl’s audit committee are Mr. Albrecht, Ms. Lone Fønss Schrøder and Mr. Oyebode, each of whom can read and understand fundamental financial statements. Each of Mr. Albrecht, Ms. Lone Fønss Schrøder and Mr. Oyebode is independent under the rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing rules of the Nasdaq applicable to audit committee members. Mr. Albrecht is the chair of the audit committee. Mr. Albrecht qualifies as an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of SEC regulations and meets the financial sophistication requirements of the Nasdaq. Swvl’s audit committee assists the Board with its oversight of the following: the integrity of Swvl’s financial statements; Swvl’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; the qualifications, independence and performance of the independent registered public accounting firm; and the design and implementation of Swvl’s internal audit function and risk assessment and risk management. Among other things, Swvl’s audit committee is responsible for reviewing and discussing with Swvl’s management the adequacy and effectiveness of Swvl’s disclosure controls and procedures. The audit committee also discusses with Swvl’s management and independent registered public accounting firm the annual audit plan and scope of audit activities, scope and timing of the annual audit of Swvl’s financial statements, and the results of the audit, quarterly reviews of Swvl’s financial statements and, as appropriate, initiates inquiries into certain aspects of Swvl’s financial affairs. Swvl’s audit committee is responsible for establishing and overseeing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of any complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, as well as for the confidential and anonymous submissions by Swvl’s employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters. In addition, Swvl’s audit committee has direct responsibility for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of Swvl’s independent registered public accounting firm. Swvl’s audit committee has sole authority to approve the hiring and discharging of Swvl’s independent registered public accounting firm, all audit engagement terms and fees and all permissible
non-audit
engagements with the independent auditor. Swvl’s audit committee reviews and oversees all related person transactions in accordance with Swvl’s policies and procedures.
 
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Compensation Committee
The members of Swvl’s compensation committee are Mr. Farha and Ms. Grace. Mr. Farha is the chair of the compensation committee. Each member of Swvl’s compensation committee is considered independent under the rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing rules of the Nasdaq applicable to compensation committee members. Swvl’s compensation committee assists the Board in discharging certain of Swvl’s responsibilities with respect to compensating its executive officers, and the administration and review of its incentive plans for employees and other service providers, including its equity incentive plans, and certain other matters related to Swvl’s compensation programs.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The members of Swvl’s nominating and corporate governance committee are Mr. von Sivers and Ms. Dyson. Mr. von Sivers is the chair of the nominating and corporate governance committee. Swvl’s nominating and corporate governance committee assists the Board with its oversight of and identification of individuals qualified to become members of the Board, consistent with criteria approved by the Board, and selects, or recommends that the Board selects, director nominees, develops and recommends to the Board a set of corporate governance guidelines and oversees the evaluation of the Board.
Code of Conduct
The Board has adopted a Code of Conduct. The Code of Conduct applies to all of Swvl’s employees, officers and directors, as well as all of Swvl’s contractors, consultants, suppliers and agents in connection with their work for Swvl . The Code of Conduct is posted on Swvl’s website at www.swvl.com. Swvl intends to disclose future amendments to, or waivers of, the post-combination company’s Code of Conduct, as and to the extent required by SEC regulations, at the same location on Swvl’s website identified above or in public filings. Information contained on Swvl’s website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider information contained on Swvl’s website to be part of this prospectus.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of the members of Swvl’s compensation committee has ever been a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any other entity that has or has had one or more executive officers serving as a member of the Board or compensation committee.
 
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COMPENSATION
Swvl Executive and Senior Management Team Compensation
The amount of compensation, including benefits in kind but excluding Swvl Options, which are addressed in separate sections below, accrued or paid to Swvl’s executives and senior management team with respect to the year ended December 31, 2021 is described in the table below:
 
(Dollars in thousands)
  
All

individuals
 
Base salary
   $ 1,370.194  
Bonuses
   $ —  
Additional benefit payments
   $ —  
Total cash compensation
   $ 1,370.194  
Director Compensation
Swvl does not pay any compensation to its directors who are its executives or employees. For
non-executive/employee
directors, Swvl reimburses reasonable expenses incurred by such directors in connection with attending meetings.
In connection with the Business Combination, the Board approved the terms of director compensation for our
non-executive/employee
directors, effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination, pursuant to which each
non-executive/employee
director is eligible to receive compensation for services on the Board.
Each non-executive/employee director
will be entitled to receive as an annual retainer a grant of fully-vested Class A Ordinary Shares with a fair market value of $35,000, payable quarterly in arrears. Any
non-executive/employee
director who joins or vacates the
Board mid-year will
receive a prorated annual retainer during the director’s year of service. In addition, the lead independent director of the Board, committee chairs and committee members will be entitled to receive grants of fully-vested Class A Ordinary Shares, payable quarterly in arrears, with the following fair market values:
 
   
$15,000 for the lead independent director;
 
   
$35,000 for the chair of our audit committee;
 
   
$15,000 for the chair of our compensation committee;
 
   
$8,000 for the chair of our nominating and corporate governance committee;
 
   
$10,000 for each other member of our audit committee;
 
   
$7,500 for each other member of our compensation committee; and
 
   
$4,000 for each other member of our nominating and corporate governance committee.
Additionally the chair of our audit committee will be entitled to an annual cash retainer of $35,000, payable quarterly in arrears. Any
non-executive/employee
director who serves or vacates such
position mid-year will
receive a prorated annual retainer during the director’s year of service in such position.
On the first trading day following our annual meeting of shareholders, each
non-executive/employee
director who is in service from and after such annual meeting will automatically be granted an annual award of restricted stock units in respect of a number of Class A Ordinary Shares determined by dividing $170,000 by the grant date closing price of Class A Ordinary Shares. Such restricted stock units will vest on the earlier of (1) the first anniversary of such grants and (2) the day prior to the date of our next annual meeting of shareholders, in each case, subject to such
non-executive/employee
director’s continued service in such capacity through such vesting date.
 
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Aggregate Equity Award Information as of December 31, 2021 for directors and senior management
Swvl’s directors, executives and senior management held 1,752 Swvl Options (both vested and unvested) with a weighted average exercise price of $1,355.81 as of December 31, 2021, and expiration dates that are ten years following their original grant date (subject to earlier expiration as described below).
Swvl 2019 Share Option Plan
The board of directors of Swvl Inc. (the “Swvl Inc. Board”) adopted the 2019 Share Option Plan (the “2019 Plan”), in order to offer persons selected by the Swvl Inc. Board an opportunity to acquire a proprietary interest in the success of Swvl, or to increase such interests by acquiring Swvl Common Shares B. The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase Swvl Common Shares B (“Swvl Options”). Eligible employees, consultants, advisors and/or directors of Swvl or its parent or applicable subsidiary were eligible to participate in the 2019 Plan.
Grants of Swvl Options under the 2019 Plan generally vest over a four-year period, with 25% of Swvl Options underlying such grant vesting on the first anniversary of the grant, and the remaining 75% vesting over the next three years, with 25% vesting per year. Vested Swvl Options become exercisable following the occurrence of certain corporate transactions of Swvl, such as the Business Combination. To the extent any holder of vested Swvl Options terminates employment (other than due to fraud or cause) prior to such applicable corporate transaction, such vested Swvl Options remain outstanding until the three-month anniversary of such corporate transaction. Swvl founders and executive officers will be entitled to an additional year of vesting to the extent their employment is terminated without cause or constructively terminated within
one-year
after such corporate transaction.
Swvl 2021 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan
The Board adopted, and our shareholders approved, the 2021 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2021 Plan”), in order to give Swvl a competitive advantage in attracting, retaining, awarding and motivating directors, officers, employees and consultants by granting equity and equity-based awards. The 2021 Plan, which superseded the 2019 Plan upon its effectiveness, permits the grant of options to purchase Swvl Securities, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, other equity or equity related awards in each case, in respect of Swvl Securities and cash incentive awards, thus enhancing the alignment of employee and shareholder interests. The 2021 Plan replaced the 2019 Plan upon its effectiveness and no further grants will be made under the 2019 Plan.
The initial share limit under the 2021 Plan is 16,116,286. Such share limit will increase annually on the first day of each fiscal year beginning fiscal year 2023 by the number of Swvl Securities equal to the lesser 5% of (i) the total outstanding Swvl Securities on the last day of the prior fiscal year or (ii) such lesser amount determined by the Board.
Employment Arrangements with Swvl Executive Officers
Certain executive officers of Swvl are party to employment agreements with Swvl or its subsidiaries. Please see the section entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”
 
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BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES
The following table sets forth information known to the Company regarding the beneficial ownership of the Class A Ordinary Shares as of August 22, 2022:
 
   
each person who is the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Class A Ordinary Shares;
 
   
each of the Company’s executive officers and directors; and
 
   
all executive officers and directors of the Company as a group.
The SEC has defined “beneficial ownership” of a security to mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of voting power and/or investment power over such security. A shareholder is also deemed to be, as of any date, the beneficial owner of all securities that such shareholder has the right to acquire within 60 days after that date through (i) the exercise of any option, warrant or right, (ii) the conversion of a security, (iii) the power to revoke a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement, or (iv) the automatic termination of a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement. Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 135,125,061 Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding as of August 22, 2022. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, Class A Ordinary Shares subject to options or other rights (as set forth above) held by that person that are currently exercisable, or will become exercisable within 60 days thereafter, are deemed outstanding, while such shares are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing percentage ownership of any other person.
Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all Class A Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by them. Except as otherwise indicated, the address for each shareholder listed below is c/o The Offices 4, One Central, Dubai World Trade Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
 
Beneficial Owner
  
Class A

Ordinary Shares
    
% of Class A

Ordinary Shares
 
Five Percent Holders of Swvl:
     
Queen’s Gambit Holdings LLC (1)
     14,558,333     
 
10.3
Memphis Equity Ltd. (2)(7)
     17,893,053     
 
13.2
VNV (Cyprus) Limited (3)(7)(10)
     14,462,414     
 
10.7
DiGame Africa (4)(7)(11)
     10,297,942     
 
7.6
Agility Public Warehousing Company K.S.C.P. (12)(13)
     7,922,507     
 
5.8
Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. (15)(16)
     30,303,035     
 
19.8
Directors and Executive Officers of Swvl:
(5)
     
Mostafa Kandil (9)
     7,549,815     
 
5.6
Youssef Salem
       
 
 
Dany Farha (6)
     17,893,053     
 
13.2
W. Steve Albrecht
     —       
 
—  
 
Esther Dyson
       
 
 
Victoria Grace (1)(8)
     14,558,333     
 
10.8
Ahmed Sabbah (7)(14)
     7,549,815     
 
5.6
Lone Fønss Schrøder
     —       
 
—  
 
Bjorn von Sivers
     —       
 
—  
 
Gbenga Obeyode
     —       
 
—  
 
All Directors and Executive Officers of Swvl as a Group (Ten Individuals)
  
 
47,914,916
 
  
 
29.9
 
*
Less than one percent.
 
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(1)
Consisting of 8,625,000 Class A Ordinary Shares and 5,933,333 Private Placement Warrants. Queen’s Gambit Holdings LLC is the record holder of the shares reported herein. Victoria Grace is the managing member of the Sponsor.
(2)
Investment and voting decisions for securities held by Memphis Equity Ltd. are made by the investment committee of Memphis Equity Ltd., which, the Company has been informed by Memphis Equity Ltd., consists of Dany Farha and Yousef Hammad.
(3)
Investment and voting decisions for securities held by VNV (Cyprus) Limited are made by a majority of the members of the board of directors of VNV (Cyprus) Limited, which the Company has been informed by VNV (Cyprus) Limited, is comprised of Boris Sinegubko, Eleni Chrysostomides, Georgia Chrysostomides and Chrystalla Dekatris.
(4)
Investment and voting decisions for securities held by DiGame Africa are made by a majority of the members of the board of directors of DiGame Investment Company, which the Company has been informed by DiGame Africa, is comprised of Samer Salty, Shane Tedjarati, Esther Dyson, Samir Mikati and Samir Hammami.
(5)
The business address for each director and executive officer of the Company is The Offices 4, One Central, Dubai World Trade Centre, Dubai, UAE.
(6)
Consists of 17,893,053 Class A Ordinary Shares held by Memphis Equity Ltd. and deemed beneficially owned by Mr. Farha as a result of his membership on the investment committee of Memphis Equity Ltd.
(7)
Party to the Shareholders’ Agreement, which is filed as exhibit 10.3 to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
(8)
The number of Class A Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by Victoria Grace is based on the information disclosed on the Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on April 7, 2022.
(9)
The number of Class A Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by Mostafa Kandil is based on the information disclosed on the Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on April 7, 2022.
(10)
The number of Class A Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by VNV (Cyprus) Limited is based on the information disclosed on the Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on April 8, 2022.
(11)
The number of Class A Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by DiGame Africa is based on the information disclosed on the Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on April 11, 2022
(12)
The number of Class A Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by Agility Public Warehousing Company K.S.C.P. is based on the information disclosed on the Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on April 11, 2022.
(13)
Includes 6,932,507 Class A Ordinary Shares and 990,000 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days, which are held by Agility Public Warehousing Company K.S.C.P. through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Alcazar Fund 1 SPV 4.
(14)
The number of Class A Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by Ahmed Sabbah is based on the information disclosed on the Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on May 6, 2022.
(15)
The percentage number reported in the third column does not reflect the beneficial ownership limitation (as described below in footnote 16 and elsewhere in this prospectus).
(16)
Includes 12,121,214 Class A Ordinary Shares and 18,181,821 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants that are currently exercisable. The shares are directly held by Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. (the “Master Fund”), a Cayman Islands exempted company, and may be deemed to be indirectly beneficially owned by (i) Armistice Capital, LLC (“Armistice”), as the investment manager of the Master Fund; and (ii) Steven Boyd, as the Managing Member of Armistice. Armistice and Steven Boyd disclaim beneficial ownership of the reported securities except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interests therein. The warrants are subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation that prohibits the Master Fund from exercising any portion of the warrants to the extent that, following such exercise and when aggregated with all other Class A Ordinary Shares then beneficially owned by the Master Fund, the Institutional Investor would beneficially own more than 4.99% of Swvl’s outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares. The address of the Master Fund is c/o Armistice Capital, LLC, 510 Madison Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022.
 
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SELLING SECURITYHOLDER
This prospectus relates to the offer and sale by the Selling Securityholder of up to 98,573,233 Class A Ordinary Shares that have been and may be issued by us to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement and that remain unsold as of the effective date of the post-effective amendment to the registration statement that includes this prospectus. For additional information regarding the Class A Ordinary Shares included in this prospectus, see the section titled “Committed Equity Financing” above. We are registering the Class A Ordinary Shares included in this prospectus pursuant to the provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement we entered into with the Selling Securityholder on March 22, 2022, as amended on April 6, 2022, in order to permit the Selling Securityholder to offer the shares included in this prospectus for resale from time to time. Except for the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement and as set forth in the section titled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus, the Selling Securityholder has not had any material relationship with us within the past three years. As used in this prospectus, the term “Selling Securityholder” means B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC.
The table below presents information regarding the Selling Securityholder and the Class A Ordinary Shares that may be resold by the Selling Securityholder from time to time under this prospectus. This table is prepared based on information supplied to us by the Selling Securityholder, and reflects holdings as of August 22, 2022. The number of Class A Ordinary Shares in the column “Maximum Number of Class A Ordinary Shares to be Offered Pursuant to this Prospectus” represents all of the Class A Ordinary Shares being offered for resale by the Selling Securityholder under this prospectus. The Selling Securityholder may sell some, all or none of the shares being offered for resale in this offering. We do not know how long the Selling Securityholder will hold the shares before selling them. Except as set forth in the section titled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus, we are not aware of any existing arrangements between the Selling Securityholder and any other shareholder, broker, dealer, underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the Class A Ordinary Shares being offered for resale by this prospectus.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule
13d-3(d)
promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act, and includes Class A Ordinary Shares with respect to which the Selling Securityholder has sole or shared voting and investment power. The percentage of Class A Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by the Selling Securityholder prior to the offering shown in the table below is based on an aggregate of 135,125,061 Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding on August 22, 2022. Because the purchase price to be paid by the Selling Securityholder for Class A Ordinary Shares, if any, that we may elect to sell to the Selling Securityholder in one or more Purchases and one or more Intraday Purchases from time to time under the Purchase Agreement will be determined on the applicable Purchase Dates therefor, the actual number of Class A Ordinary Shares that we may sell to the Selling Securityholder under the Purchase Agreement may be fewer than the number of shares being offered for resale under this prospectus. The fourth column assumes the resale by the Selling Securityholder of all of the Class A Ordinary Shares being offered for resale pursuant to this prospectus.
 
Name of Selling Securityholder
 
Class A Ordinary Shares owned prior

to this offering
   
Maximum Number of

Class A Ordinary Shares

to be Offered Pursuant to

this Prospectus
   
Class A Ordinary Shares owned

after offering
 
 
Number (1)
   
% (2)
   
Number (3)
   
% (2)
 
B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC
    20,000           98,573,233       0       —    
 
*
Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1% of the outstanding shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
(1)
Represents the 20,000 Class A Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by the Selling Securityholder as of the date of this prospectus that remain from the 386,971 Class A Ordinary Shares we issued to the Selling Securityholder on April 6, 2022 as Commitment Shares in consideration for its commitment to purchase our Class A Ordinary Shares at our direction from time to time under the Purchase Agreement with us. In accordance with Rule
13d-3(d)
under the Exchange Act, we have excluded from the number of shares beneficially owned prior to the offering all of the shares that the Selling Securityholder may be required to
 
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  purchase under the Purchase Agreement, because the issuance of such shares is solely at our discretion and is subject to conditions contained in the Purchase Agreement, the satisfaction of which are entirely outside of the Selling Securityholder’s control, including the registration statement that includes this prospectus becoming and remaining effective. Furthermore, the Purchases and the Intraday Purchases of Class A Ordinary Shares under the Purchase Agreement are subject to certain agreed upon maximum amount limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement. Also, the Purchase Agreement prohibits us from issuing and selling any Class A Ordinary Shares to the Selling Securityholder to the extent such shares, when aggregated with all other Class A Ordinary Shares then beneficially owned by the Selling Securityholder, would cause the Selling Securityholder’s beneficial ownership of our Class A Ordinary Shares to exceed the 4.99% Beneficial Ownership Limitation.
(2)
Applicable percentage ownership is based on 135,125,061 Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding as of August 22, 2022.
(3)
Assumes the sale of all Class A Ordinary Shares being offered pursuant to this prospectus.
(4)
The business address of B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC (“BRPC”) is 11100 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 800, Los Angeles, CA 90025. BRPC’s principal business is that of a private investor. The sole member of BRPC is B. Riley Principal Investments, LLC (“BRPI”), which is an indirect subsidiary of B. Riley Financial, Inc. (“BRF”). An Investment Committee of BRPC (the “BRPC Investment Committee”), which is composed of three members appointed by BRPI, has sole voting power and sole investment power over securities beneficially owned, directly, by BRPC. All decisions with respect to the voting and disposition of securities beneficially owned, directly, by BRPC are made exclusively by majority vote of the BRPC Investment Committee, each member of the BRPC Investment Committee having one vote, and no single member of the BRPC Investment Committee has any ability to make any such decisions unilaterally or any veto power with respect to decisions that are made by the vote of a majority of the members of the BRPC Investment Committee. The sole voting and investment powers of the BRPC Investment Committee over securities beneficially owned, directly, by BRPC are exercised independently from all other direct and indirect subsidiaries of BRF, and the voting and investment powers over securities beneficially owned directly or indirectly by all other direct and indirect subsidiaries of BRF are exercised independently from BRPC. We have been advised that neither BRPI nor BRPC is a member of FINRA or an independent broker-dealer, and that none of the BRPC Investment Committee members is a registered FINRA member or an associated person of a FINRA member or an independent broker-dealer.
 
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Registration Rights
In connection with the Business Combination, on July 28, 2021, Swvl, SPAC, Queens Gambit Holdings LLC (the “Sponsor”) and certain security holders of Swvl (the “Registration Rights Holders”) entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”). Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, within 20 business days after the consummation of the Business Combination, Swvl is required to (a) file with the SEC a registration statement (the “Resale Registration Statement”) registering the resale of certain securities of Swvl held by the Registration Rights Holders and (b) use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Resale Registration Statement to become effective as soon as reasonably practicable after the filing thereof. Under the Registration Rights Agreement, the Registration Rights Holders may demand up to (i) three underwritten offerings and (ii) within any
12-month
period, two block trades or
“at-the-market”
or similar registered offerings of the securities held by the Registration Rights Holders through a broker or agent. The Registration Rights Holders are also entitled to customary piggyback registration rights.
Lock-Up
Agreements
Certain shareholders and directors and/or officers of Swvl, including its principal shareholders (including Sponsor) and key executives (collectively, the
“Lock-Up
Holders”) are subject to
lock-up
restrictions pursuant to certain
lock-up
agreements that were entered into concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Business Combination Agreement. Under these
lock-up
agreements, the
Lock-Up
Holders have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to (a) transfer, assign or sell any Class A Ordinary Shares, (b) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any Class A Ordinary Shares, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of such securities, in cash or otherwise, in each case until the earlier of (x) either September 30, 2022 or March 31, 2023 (depending on the applicable
Lock-Up
Holder’s beneficial ownership of our Class A Ordinary Shares), (y) the first date on which the last sale price of our Class A Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any
30-day
trading period commencing on or after August 28, 2022 and (z) a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of the Company’s shareholders having the right to exchange their Class A Ordinary Shares for cash, securities or other property.
On July 10, 2022, Swvl and the
Lock-Up
Holders subsequently entered into extensions to their respective
lock-up
agreements (the
“Lock-Up
Extensions”) pursuant to which the
Lock-Up
Holders agreed (i) to extend the relevant time period during which the
lock-up
restrictions apply from September 30, 2022 to March 31, 2023, or from March 31, 2023 to September 30, 2023, as applicable (depending on the applicable
Lock-Up
Holder’s beneficial ownership of Class A Ordinary Shares) and (ii) to postpone the start of the measurement period of the trading price based release from August 28, 2022 to February 24, 2023. Additionally, pursuant to the
Lock-Up
Extensions, Swvl and the
Lock-Up
Holders agreed to permit the transfers of Class A Ordinary Shares by the
Lock-Up
Holders to any equity holder of the respective
Lock-Up
Holder to the extent necessary for such equity holder, or any affiliates of such equity holder, to meet any reasonably anticipated capital calls, obligations, commitments or liabilities entered into before the date of the
Lock-Up
Extension as determined by the respective
Lock-Up
Holder; provided, however, that such transfers will not be permitted on a date prior to which a transfer would have been permitted pursuant to the time based release or the trading price based release of the
lock-up
agreements as in effect on the execution date of the original
lock-up
agreements.
PIPE Financing
In connection with the PIPE Financing, on July 28, 2021, the Concordium Foundation, a Swiss Foundation (Stiftung) and affiliate of Concordium AG, executed a subscription agreement agreeing to purchase 2,500 Swvl Common Shares A for $10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000. Lone Fønss Schrøder, a member of the Board, currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Concordium AG but has no ownership interest in nor control over the Concordium Foundation.
 
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Kandil Employment Agreement
On July 28, 2021, Swvl and Swvl Global FZE entered into an employment agreement with Mostafa Kandil, pursuant to which, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, Mr. Kandil commenced service as Swvl’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Swvl Global FZE’s manager. Mr. Kandil’s employment agreement provides for, among other things, an annual base salary of $650,000 per year, an annual performance based cash bonus in a targeted amount equal to 100% of his annual base salary, an initial grant of options to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares with an aggregate financial accounting grant date fair value equal to $650,000 and a grant of restricted stock units with an aggregate value of $1,600,000 based on the closing price of our Class A Ordinary Shares on the grant date. Mr. Kandil’s employment agreement further provides that if Mr. Kandil’s employment is terminated by Swvl other than for cause, death or disability or, by Mr. Kandil for good reason (each as defined in Mr. Kandil’s employment agreement), subject to Mr. Kandil’s execution and
non-revocation
of a release of claims, Mr. Kandil will be entitled to receive (i) one times (and in the case of such qualifying termination within two years following a change in control, two times) the sum of his annual base salary and his annual bonus earned in respect of the fiscal year ending immediately prior to the effective termination date, (ii) payment of a pro rata portion of his annual bonus in respect of the fiscal year in which such termination or resignation occurs, (iii) payment of any unpaid annual bonus earned for the year prior to the year of termination or resignation and (iv) full acceleration of the equity awards granted to him on connection with the commencement of his employment as summarized in the paragraph immediately above. Mr. Kandil is subject to
non-competition
and
non-solicitation
covenants during his employment and for a period of
one-year
following termination of employment and
non-disparagement
and confidentiality covenants during and following termination of his employment.
Salem Employment Agreement
On March 31, 2022, Swvl and Swvl Global FZE entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Mr. Salem, pursuant to which, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, Mr. Salem commenced service as Swvl’s Chief Financial Officer and Swvl Global FZE’s Chief Financial Officer, and which agreement superseded his prior employment agreement between Mr. Salem and Swvl Global FZE, dated May 30, 2021. Mr. Salem’s employment agreement provides for, among other things, an annual base salary of $400,000 per year, an annual performance-based bonus in a targeted amount equal to 75% of his annual base salary payable in cash or Class A Ordinary Shares (as determined by the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof), an initial grant of options to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares with an aggregate financial accounting grant date fair value equal to $217,500 (the “Initial Salem Option Award”) and a grant of restricted stock units with an aggregate value of $507,500 based on the closing price of our Class A Ordinary Shares on the grant date. Mr. Salem’s employment agreement further provides that if Mr. Salem’s employment is terminated by Swvl other than for cause, death or disability or, by Mr. Salem for good reason (each as defined in Mr. Salem’s employment agreement), subject to Mr. Salem’s execution and
non-revocation
of a release of claims, Mr. Salem will be entitled to receive (i) one times (and in the case of such qualifying termination within two years following a change in control, two times) the sum of his annual base salary and his annual bonus earned in respect of the fiscal year ending immediately prior to the effective termination date, (ii) cash payment of a pro rata portion of his annual bonus in respect of the fiscal year in which such termination or resignation occurs, (iii) payment of any unpaid annual bonus earned for the year prior to the year of termination or resignation and (iv) full acceleration of the equity awards granted to him on connection with the commencement of his employment as summarized in the paragraph immediately above. Mr. Salem is subject to
non-competition
and
non-solicitation
covenants during his employment and for a period of
one-year
following termination of employment and
non-disparagement
and confidentiality covenants during and following termination of his employment.
Grant of Stock Options to Executive Officers and Directors
On July 8, 2019, Swvl granted Mr. Kandil 552 Swvl Options with an exercise price of $0 per share. On September 1, 2021, Swvl granted Mr. Salem 250 Swvl Options with an exercise price of $1 per share. The Swvl
 
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Options underlying such grants are subject to the terms of the 2019 Plan as discussed in the section of this prospectus entitled “Compensation—Swvl 2019 Share Option Plan.” Pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, in connection with the Business Combination, each outstanding Swvl Option was assumed and converted into an option to purchase approximately 1,509.963 Class A Ordinary Shares, at an exercise price equal to the exercise price per share of such Swvl Option prior to the Business Combination divided by approximately 1,509.963.
On March 31, 2022, Swvl granted Mr. Kandil and Mr. Salem the Initial Kandil Option Award (consisting of an option to purchase 130,495 Class A Ordinary Shares) and the Initial Salem Option Award (consisting of an option to purchase 43,665 Class A Ordinary Shares), respectively, in each case, with an exercise price of $10 per share and subject to a four-year vesting term, with 25% of the shares underlying such applicable grant vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date, and the remainder vesting in 12 equal quarterly installments following such anniversary and subject to the terms of Mr. Kandil’s and Mr. Salem’s respective employment agreement discussed above and the terms of the 2021 Plan as discussed in the section of this prospectus entitled “Compensation—Swvl 2021 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan.”
In connection with Mr. Albrecht’s commencement as the chair of Swvl’s audit committee, on March 31, 2022, Swvl granted Mr. Albrecht an option to purchase 50,000 Class A Ordinary Shares with an exercise price of $10 per share and subject to a four-year vesting term, with 25% of the shares underlying such grant vesting on the first anniversary of the grant, and the remainder vesting in 12 equal quarterly installments following such anniversary and subject to the terms of the 2021 Plan as discussed in the section of this prospectus entitled “Compensation—Swvl 2021 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan.”
Partnership with Concordium
On August 11, 2021, Swvl and Concordium AG announced a strategic partnership to use blockchain technologies to develop mass transit solutions. Lone Fønss Schrøder, a member of the Swvl Board, currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Concordium AG.
Interests of Experts and Counsel
None.
 
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
A summary of the material provisions governing our Securities is described below. This summary is not complete and should be read together with the Articles and the Warrant Agreement, each of which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. This section also summarizes the material privisions of the warrants issued in connection with the Urbvan acquisition and the Institutional Investor Private Placement, each of which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You are urged to read the Articles and the Warrant Agreement for a complete description of the rights and preferences of our securityholders.
General
The Company is a British Virgin Islands company limited by shares and its affairs are governed by its Articles and the BVI Companies Act (each as amended or modified from time to time).
As provided in the Articles, subject to the BVI Companies Act, the Company has full capacity to carry on or undertake any business or activity, do any act or enter into any transaction, and, for such purposes, full rights, powers and privileges. The registered office of the Company is c/o Maples Corporate Services Limited, P.O. Box 173, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.
The outstanding securities consist of Class A Ordinary Shares, Warrants, the Institutional Investor Warrants and warrants issued in connection with the Urbvan acquisition.
Authorized Shares
The Articles authorize the issuance of up to 555,000,000 shares, consisting of (a) 500,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares and (b) 55,000,000 preferred shares. All outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares are fully paid and
non-assessable.
To the extent they are issued, certificates representing Class A Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form.
All options, regardless of grant dates, will entitle holders to an equivalent number of Class A Ordinary Shares once the vesting and exercising conditions are met.
The Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “SWVL”.
Key Provisions of the Articles and British Virgin Islands Law Affecting the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares or Corporate Governance
Voting Rights
The holders of Class A Ordinary Shares securities are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted on by shareholders. The Articles do not provide for cumulative voting with respect to the election of directors.
Transfer
All Class A Ordinary Shares will be issued in registered form and may be freely transferred under the Articles, unless any such transfer is restricted or prohibited by another instrument, Nasdaq rules or applicable securities laws.
Under the BVI Companies Act shares that are listed on a recognized exchange may be transferred without the need for a written instrument of transfer if the transfer is carried out in accordance with the laws, rules, procedures and other requirements applicable to shares listed on the recognized exchange and subject to the Articles.
 
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Among other things, certain of the shareholders of the Company, pursuant to
lock-up
agreements entered into in connection with the Business Combination (the
“Lock-Up Agreements”)
and the sponsor agreement with Queen’s Gambit Holdings, LLC (the “Sponsor Agreement”), and subject to the exceptions therein, may not transfer their Class A Ordinary Shares until September 30, 2022 or March 31, 2023 (as applicable) following the consummation of the Business Combination. Such shareholders have voluntarily agreed to extend the relevant time period during which the
lock-up
restrictions apply from September 30, 2022 to March 31, 2023, or from March 31, 2023 to September 30, 2023, as applicable (depending on the applicable
Lock-Up
Holder’s beneficial ownership of Class A Ordinary Shares). Additionally, any Securities received in the Business Combination by persons who are or become affiliates of the Company for purposes of Rule 144 under the Securities Act may be resold only in transactions permitted by Rule 144, or as otherwise permitted under the Securities Act, including pursuant to this prospectus. Persons who may be deemed affiliates of the Company generally include individuals or entities that control, are controlled by or are under common control with, the Company and may include the directors and executive officers of the Company, as well as its significant shareholders.
Redemption Rights
The BVI Companies Act and the Articles permit the Company to purchase its own shares with the prior written consent of the relevant members, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined by its board of directors and by a resolution of directors and in accordance with the BVI Companies Act.
Dividends and Distributions
Pursuant to the Articles and the BVI Companies Act, the Board may from time to time declare dividends and other distributions, and authorize payment thereof, if, in accordance with the BVI Companies Act, the Board is satisfied that immediately after the payment of any such dividend or distribution, (a) the value of the Company’s assets exceeds its liabilities and (b) the Company will be able to pay its debts as they fall due. Each holder of Class A Ordinary Shares has equal rights with regard to dividends and to distributions of the surplus assets of the Company, if any.
Other Rights
Under the Articles, the holders of Securities are not entitled to any preemptive rights or anti-dilution rights. Securities are not subject to any sinking fund provisions.
Calls on Class A Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Class A Ordinary Shares
The Board may from time to time make calls upon members for any amounts unpaid on their Class A Ordinary Shares in a notice served to such members at least 14 clear days prior to the specified time of payment. The Class A Ordinary Shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.
Issuance of Additional Shares
The Articles authorize the Board to issue additional Class A Ordinary Shares from time to time as the Board shall determine, subject to the BVI Companies Act and the provisions, if any, in the Articles (and to any direction that may be given by the Company in general meeting) and, where applicable, the rules and regulations of any applicable exchange, the SEC and/or any other competent regulatory authority and without prejudice to any rights attached to any existing shares.
However, under British Virgin Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under the Articles for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of the Company.
 
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Meetings of Shareholders
Under the Articles, the Company may, but is not obligated to, hold an annual general meeting each year. The Board or the chair, if in office, may call an annual general meeting or an extraordinary general meeting upon not less than seven days’ notice unless such notice is waived in accordance with the Articles. A meeting notice must specify the place, day and hour of the meeting and the general nature of the business to be conducted at such meeting. At any general meeting of the Company shareholders, a majority of the voting power of the Company shares entitled to vote at such meeting shall constitute a quorum. Subject to the requirements of the BVI Companies Act, only those matters set forth in the notice of the general meeting or (solely in the case of a meeting convened upon a Company Members’ Requisition (as defined below)) properly requested in connection with a Company Members’ Requisition may be considered or acted upon at a meeting of the Company shareholders.
Each general meeting, other than an annual general meeting, shall be an extraordinary general meeting. Under the Articles, shareholders have the right to call extraordinary general meetings of shareholders (a “Company Members’ Requisition”). To properly call an extraordinary general meeting pursuant to a Company Members Requisition, (a) the request of shareholders representing not less than 30% of the voting power represented by all issued and outstanding shares of the Company in respect of the matter for which such meeting is requested must be deposited at the registered office of the Company and (b) the requisitioning shareholders must comply with certain information requirements specified in the Articles.
In connection with any meeting of shareholders, the right of a shareholder to bring other business or to nominate a candidate for election to the Board must be exercised in compliance with the requirements of the Articles. Among other things, notice of such other business or nomination must be received at the registered office of the Company not later than the close of business on the date that is 120 days before, and not earlier than the close of business on the date that is 150 days before, the
one-year
anniversary of the preceding year’s annual general meeting, subject to certain exceptions.
Liquidation
On a liquidation or winding up of the Company, assets available for distribution among the holders of Class A Ordinary Shares shall be distributed among the holders of Class A Ordinary Shares on a pro rata basis.
Inspection of Books and Records
A member of the Company is entitled, on giving written notice to the Company, to inspect (a) the memorandum and articles of association of the Company; (b) the register of members; (c) the register of directors; and (d) the minutes of meetings and resolutions of members and of those classes of members of which he is a member; and to make copies of or take extracts from the documents and records. Subject to the Articles, the directors may, if they are satisfied that it would be contrary to the interests of the Company to allow a member to inspect any document, or part of a document, specified in (b), (c) and (d) above, refuse to permit the member to inspect the document or limit the inspection of the document, including limiting the making of copies or the taking of extracts from the records.
Where a company fails or refuses to permit a member to inspect a document or permits a member to inspect a document subject to limitations, that member may apply to the BVI High Court for an order that he should be permitted to inspect the document or to inspect the document without limitation.
A company is required to keep at the office of its registered agent: its memorandum and articles of association of the company; the register of members or a copy of the register of members; the register of directors or a copy of the register of directors; and copies of all notices and other documents filed by the company in the previous ten years.
 
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Preference Shares
The Articles provide that preference shares may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board is authorized to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences, the relative, participating, optional or other special rights and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series by an amendment to the Articles to be approved by the Board. The Board is able to, without shareholder approval, issue preference shares with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of Class A Ordinary Shares and could have anti-takeover effects. The ability of the Board to issue preference shares without shareholder approval could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of us or the removal of existing management. The Company has no preference shares issued and outstanding at the date of this prospectus. Any amendment to the Articles by the Board in order to assign rights to any preference shares and the issuance of such preference shares would be subject to applicable directors’ duties.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
Some provisions of the Articles may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of the Company or management that members may consider favorable, including, among other things:
 
   
a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms;
 
   
the ability of the Board to issue preferred shares and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, potentially without shareholder approval;
 
   
the right of Mostafa Kandil to serve as Chair of the Board so long as he remains Chief Executive Officer of the Company and to serve as a director so long as he beneficially owns at least 1% of the outstanding shares of the Company;
 
   
until the completion of the Company’s third annual meeting of shareholders following the consummation of the Business Combination, commitments by major shareholders to vote in favor of the appointment of the Company designees to the Board at any shareholder meeting (and, thereafter, to vote in favor of the appointment of Mostafa Kandil or his designee to the Board, subject to specified conditions);
 
   
the limitation of liability of, and the indemnification of and advancement of expenses to, members of the Board;
 
   
advance notice procedures with which shareholders must comply to nominate candidates to the Board or to propose matters to be acted upon at a shareholders’ meeting, which could preclude shareholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings and delay changes in the Board and also may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise from attempting to obtain control of the Company;
 
   
that directors may be removed only for cause and only upon the vote of
two-thirds
of the directors then in office;
 
   
that shareholders may not act by written consent in lieu of a meeting or call extraordinary meetings;
 
   
the right of the Board to fill vacancies created by the expansion of the Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director; and
 
   
that the Articles may be amended only by the Board or by the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of not less than 75% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the Company.
However, under British Virgin Islands law, the directors of the Company may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under the Articles for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of the Company.
 
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Warrants
Each Warrant represents the right to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share at a price of $11.50 per share in cash. The Warrants will become exercisable on and after April 30, 2022 and will expire upon the earlier of (a) March 31, 2027, which is the date that is five years after the consummation of the Business Combination and (b) a liquidation of the Company. Pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, a holder of a Warrant may exercise its Warrants for a whole number of Class A Ordinary Shares. This means that only a whole Warrant may be exercised at any given time by a holder of a Warrant. If, upon exercise, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in Class A Ordinary Shares, the Company will round down to the nearest whole number of shares to be issued to the holder of the Warrant such that no fractional Warrants will be issued upon separation of the units and only whole Warrants will trade.
The exercise price of the Warrants, and the number of Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise thereof, is subject to adjustment under certain circumstances, including if the Company (a) pays any dividend in Class A Ordinary Shares, (b) subdivides the outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares or (c) pays an extraordinary dividend in cash.
The Company is generally not obligated to deliver any Class A Ordinary Shares pursuant to the exercise of a Warrant and generally has no obligation to settle such Warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current. No Warrant will be exercisable and the Company will not be obligated to issue Class A Ordinary Shares upon exercise of a Warrant unless the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon such Warrant exercise has been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the Warrants. In the event that the conditions in the two immediately preceding sentences are not satisfied with respect to a Warrant, the holder of such Warrant will not be entitled to exercise such Warrant and such Warrant may have no value and expire without value to the holder. In no event will we be required to net cash settle any Public Warrant.
A holder of a Warrant may notify the Company in writing in the event it elects to be subject to a requirement that such holder will not have the right to exercise such Warrant, to the extent that after giving effect to such exercise, such person (together with such person’s affiliates), to the warrant agent’s actual knowledge, would beneficially own in excess of 9.8% (or such other amount as a holder may specify) of the Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise.
Redemption of Public Warrants for cash when the price per Class A Ordinary Share equals or exceeds $18.00
Once the Public Warrants are exercisable, the Company has the right to redeem not less than all of the Public Warrants at any time prior to their expiration, at a redemption price of $0.01 per Public Warrant, if (i) the last reported sales price of our Class A Ordinary Shares is at least $18.00 per share on each of twenty trading days within the thirty
trading-day period
ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which notice of the redemption is given and (ii) an effective registration statement covering the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants, and a current prospectus relating thereto, is available throughout
the 30-day redemption
period or the Company has elected to require the exercise of the Public Warrants on a “cashless basis”.
If and when the Public Warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may exercise its redemption right even if the Company is unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws.
Redemption of Public Warrants for cash when the price per Class A Ordinary Share equals or exceeds $10.00
Once the Public Warrants are exercisable, the Company has the right to redeem not less than all of the Public Warrants at any time prior to their expiration, at a redemption price of $0.10 per Public Warrant upon a
 
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minimum of twenty days’ prior written notice of redemption; provided that during the
30-day period
following the notice of redemption, holders of the Public Warrants will be able to exercise their Public Warrants on a “cashless basis” prior to redemption and receive a number of Class A Ordinary Shares determined by reference to the table below, based on the redemption date and the “fair market value” (as defined in the Warrant Agreement) of our Class A Ordinary Shares, except as otherwise described below, if the last reported sales price of Class A Ordinary Shares is at least $10.00 per share on the trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the holders of Public Warrants.
Beginning on the date the notice of redemption is given until the Public Warrants are redeemed or exercised, holders may elect to exercise their Public Warrants on a “cashless basis.” The numbers in the table below represent the number of Class A Ordinary Shares that a holder of a Public Warrant will receive upon a cashless exercise in connection with a redemption by the Company pursuant to this redemption feature, based on the “fair market value” of our Class A Ordinary Shares on the corresponding redemption date (assuming holders elect to exercise their Public Warrants and such Public Warrants are not redeemed for $0.10 per Public Warrant), and the number of months that the corresponding redemption date precedes the expiration date of the Public Warrants, each as set forth in the table below.
 
Redemption Date
  
Fair Market Value of Class A Ordinary Shares
 
(period to expiration of warrants)
  
$10.00
    
$11.00
    
$12.00
    
$13.00
    
$14.00
    
$15.00
    
$16.00
    
$17.00
    
$18.00
 
60 months
     0.261        0.281        0.297        0.311        0.324        0.337        0.318        0.358        0.361  
57 months
     0.257        0.277        0.294        0.310        0.324        0.337        0.348        0.358        0.361  
54 months
     0.252        0.272        0.291        0.307        0.322        0.335        0.347        0.357        0.361  
51 months
     0.246        0.268        0.287        0.304        0.320        0.333        0.346        0.357        0.361  
48 months
     0.241        0.263        0.283        0.301        0.317        0.332        0.344        0.356        0.361  
45 months
     0.235        0.258        0.279        0.298        0.315        0.330        0.343        0.356        0.361  
42 months
     0.228        0.252        0.274        0.294        0.312        0.328        0.342        0.355        0.361  
39 months
     0.221        0.246        0.269        0.290        0.309        0.325        0.340        0.354        0.361  
36 months
     0.213        0.239        0.263        0.285        0.305        0.323        0.339        0.353        0.361  
33 months
     0.205        0.232        0.257        0.280        0.301        0.320        0.337        0.352        0.361  
30 months
     0.196        0.224        0.250        0.274        0.297        0.316        0.335        0.351        0.361  
27 months
     0.185        0.214        0.242        0.268        0.291        0.313        0.332        0.350        0.361  
24 months
     0.173        0.204        0.233        0.260        0.285        0.308        0.329        0.348        0.361  
21 months
     0.161        0.193        0.223        0.252        0.279        0.304        0.326        0.347        0.361  
18 months
     0.146        0.179        0.211        0.242        0.271        0.298        0.322        0.345        0.361  
15 months
     0.130        0.164        0.197        0.230        0.262        0.291        0.317        0.342        0.361  
12 months
     0.111        0.146        0.181        0.216        0.250        0.282        0.312        0.339        0.361  
9 months
     0.090        0.125        0.162        0.199        0.237        0.272        0.305        0.336        0.361  
6 months
     0.065        0.099        0.137        0.178        0.219        0.259        0.296        0.331        0.361  
3 months
     0.034        0.065        0.104        0.150        0.197        0.243        0.286        0.326        0.361  
0 months
     —          —          0.042        0.115        0.179        0.233        0.281        0.323        0.361  
The “fair market value” of our Class A Ordinary Shares shall mean the average last reported sale price of our Class A Ordinary Shares for the 10 trading days immediately following the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of Public Warrants. The Company will provide its holders of Public Warrants with the final fair market value no later than one business day after the 10 trading day period described above ends.
The exact fair market value and redemption date may not be set forth in the table above, in which case, if the fair market value is between two values in the table or the redemption date is between two redemption dates in the table, the number of Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued for each Public Warrant exercised will be determined by a straightline interpolation between the number of shares set forth for the higher and lower fair market values and the earlier and later redemption dates, as applicable, based on a
365-day
year. For example, if
 
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the average last reported sale price of our Class A Ordinary Shares for the 10 trading days immediately following the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of the Public Warrants is $11.00 per share, and at such time there are 57 months until the expiration of the Public Warrants, holders of Public Warrants may choose to, in connection with this redemption feature, exercise their Public Warrants for 0.277 Class A Ordinary Shares for each whole Public Warrant. For an example where the exact fair market value and redemption date are not as set forth in the table above, if the average last reported sale price of our Class A Ordinary Shares for the 10 trading days immediately following the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of the Public Warrants is $13.50 per share, and at such time there are 38 months until the expiration of the Public Warrants, holders of Public Warrants may choose to, in connection with this redemption feature, redeem their Public Warrants at a “redemption price” of 0.298 Class A Ordinary Shares for each whole Public Warrant. In no event will the Public Warrants be exercisable on a “cashless basis” in connection with this redemption feature for more than 0.361 Class A Ordinary Shares per whole Public Warrant (subject to adjustment). Finally, as reflected in the table above, if the Public Warrants are “out of the money” (i.e. the last reported trading price of Class A Ordinary Shares is below the exercise price of the Public Warrants) and about to expire, they cannot be exercised on a “cashless basis” in connection with a redemption by the Company pursuant to this redemption feature, since they will not be exercisable for any Class A Ordinary Shares.
Redemption Procedures
If the Company exercises its right to redeem the Public Warrants, notice of such redemption shall be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, by the Company to registered holders of the Public Warrants to be redeemed at their last addresses as they shall appear on the registration books.
Anti-Dilution Adjustments
The share prices set forth in the column headings of the table above shall be adjusted as of any date on which the number of shares issuable upon exercise of a Public Warrant is adjusted pursuant to the Warrant Agreement. The adjusted share prices in the column headings shall equal the share prices immediately prior to such adjustment, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares deliverable upon exercise of a Public Warrant immediately prior to such adjustment and the denominator of which is the number of shares deliverable upon exercise of a Public Warrant as so adjusted. The number of shares in the table above shall be adjusted in the same manner and at the same time as the number of shares issuable upon exercise of a Public Warrant.
In case of certain reclassifications or reorganizations of the outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares, or in the case of any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another corporation (other than a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing corporation and that does not result in any reclassification or reorganization of the Company’s outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares), or in the case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation or entity of the assets or other property of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety in connection with which the Company is dissolved, the holders of the Warrants will thereafter have the right to purchase and receive, upon the basis and upon the terms and conditions specified in the Warrants and in lieu of Class A Ordinary Shares immediately theretofore purchasable and receivable upon the exercise of the rights represented thereby, the kind and amount of shares or other securities or property (including cash) receivable upon such reclassification, reorganization, merger or consolidation, or upon a dissolution following any such sale or transfer, that the holder of the Warrants would have received if such holder had exercised their Warrants immediately prior to such event. If less than 70% of the consideration receivable by the holders of Class A Ordinary Shares in such a transaction is payable in the form of ordinary shares in the successor entity that is listed for trading on a national securities exchange or is quoted in an established
over-the-counter
market, or is to be so listed for trading or quoted immediately following such event, and if the registered holder of the Warrant properly exercises the Warrant within thirty days following public disclosure of such transaction, the warrant exercise price will be reduced as specified in the Warrant Agreement based on the Black-Scholes value (as defined in the Warrant Agreement) of the Warrant.
 
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Private Placement Warrants
The Private Placement Warrants (including the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants) are not transferable, assignable or salable until April 30, 2022, which is 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination (except, among other limited exceptions, to the Sponsor’s officers and directors and other persons or entities affiliated with the Sponsor), and they will not be redeemable by the Company so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees. The Sponsor, or its permitted transferees, has the option to exercise the Private Placement Warrants on a cashless basis. Except as described below, the Private Placement Warrants have terms and provisions that are identical to those of the Public Warrants, including as to exercise price, exercisability and exercise period. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by holders other than the Sponsor or its Permitted Transferees (as defined in the Warrant Agreement), the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company in all redemption scenarios and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the Warrants. Private Placement Warrants that are transferred to persons other than Permitted Transferees shall upon such transfer cease to be Private Placement Warrants, and shall become Public Warrants under the Warrant Agreement.
If holders of the Private Placement Warrants elect to exercise them on a cashless basis, they would pay the exercise price by surrendering his, her or its Private Placement Warrants in exchange for a number of Class A Ordinary Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of (A) the number of Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Private Placement Warrants and (B) the excess of the fair market value over the exercise price of the Private Placement Warrants by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” shall mean the average last reported sale price of the Class A Ordinary Shares as reported for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of warrant exercise is sent to the warrant agent.
Warrants Issued in Connection with Urbvan Acquisition
In connection with the closing of its acquisition of Urbvan, on July 11, 2022, Swvl issued and delivered warrants to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares of Swvl to certain shareholders and optionholders of Urbvan (the “Urbvan Warrants”). The Urbvan Warrants are exercisable for a combined aggregate of up to 11,410,455 Class A Ordinary Shares, at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share. The Urbvan Warrants are exercisable in five tranches (such exercise dates being the
six-month,
ten-month,
twelve-month, sixteen-month and twenty-four month anniversary dates of July 11, 2022, representing the right to purchase 2,900,899, 2,869,592, 2,869,592, 1,385,321 and 1,385,321 Class A Ordinary Shares, respectively). The holders of the Urbvan Warrants are also entitled to customary registration rights with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying such warrants. The Urbvan Warrants are not listed on a stock exchange.
Institutional Investor Warrants
Each Institutional Investor Warrant represents the right to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share at a price of $1.65 per share in cash, subject to certain customary adjustments. The Institutional Investor Warrants became exercisable on August 12, 2022 and will expire on (i) August 12, 2027, in the case of the Series A Warrants and (ii) August 12, 2024, in the case of the Series B Warrants. As of August 12, 2022, there were 12,121,214 Series A warrants and 6,060,607 Series B Warrants outstanding. Pursuant to the terms of the Institutional Investor Warrants, a holder may exercise its Institutional Investor Warrant for a whole number of Class A Ordinary Shares. The Company is generally not obligated to deliver any Class A Ordinary Shares pursuant to the exercise of an Institutional Investor Warrant and generally has no obligation to settle such Institutional Investor Warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Institutional Investor Warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current; provided, however, if, at any time after the Restricted Period, a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Institutional Investor Warrants is not then effective or a prospectus relating thereto is not then current, the holder of such Institutional Investor Warrant may exercise such Institutional Investor Warrant by means of a cashless exercise in which such holder will be entitled to receive a number of Class A Ordinary Shares according to a formula set forth in such Institutional Investor Warrant. The Institutional Investor
 
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Warrants are subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation that prohibits the Institutional Investor from exercising any portion of the Institutional Investor Warrants to the extent that, following such exercise and when aggregated with all other Class A Ordinary Shares then beneficially owned by the Institutional Investor, the Institutional Investor would beneficially own more than 4.99% of Swvl’s outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares. The Institutional Investor Warrants are not listed on a stock exchange.
 
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CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
We had 135,125,061 Class A Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of August 22, 2022, and 17,433,333 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants and 29,592,276 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Institutional Investor Warrants and the warrants issued in connection with the Urbvan Acquisition. The Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the SPAC shareholders and Legacy Swvl securityholders in connection with the Business Combination are freely transferable without further registration under the Securities Act unless held by the Sponsor, affiliates of the SPAC, Legacy Swvl or the Company, or by any person who was an affiliate of a party to the Business Combination at the time such transaction was submitted for vote or consent and who acquired such securities in connection with such transaction. Sales of substantial amounts of the Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices of the Class A Ordinary Shares.
Restricted Period
In connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement, Swvl agreed to, among other things, refrain from issuing, entering into any agreement to issue or announcing the issuance or proposed issuance of certain of its securities (including Class A Ordinary Shares pursuant to the B. Riley Facility) for a period commencing August 10, 2022 until the date that is 60 calendar days after the date that the SEC declares effective the registration statement registering the resale of the Class A Ordinary Shares and Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Institutional Investor Warrants (or, in the event of a “review” by the SEC of the Registration Statement, 30 days after the date that the SEC declares the registration statement registering the resale of the Institutional Investor securities effective).
Lock-Up
Agreements
Certain shareholders and directors and/or officers of Swvl, including its principal shareholders and key executives, and Sponsor (collectively, the
“Lock-Up
Holders”) are subject to
lock-up
restrictions pursuant to certain
lock-up
agreements that were entered into concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Business Combination Agreement. Under these
lock-up
agreements, the
Lock-Up
Holders have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to (a) transfer, assign or sell any Class A Ordinary Shares, (b) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any Class A Ordinary Shares, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of such securities, in cash or otherwise, in each case until the earlier of (x) either September 30, 2022 or March 31, 2023 (depending on the applicable
Lock-Up
Holder’s beneficial ownership of our Class A Ordinary Shares), (y) the first date on which the last sale price of our Class A Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any
30-day
trading period commencing on or after August 28, 2022 and (z) a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of the Company’s shareholders having the right to exchange their Class A Ordinary Shares for cash, securities or other property.
On July 10, 2022, Swvl and the
Lock-Up
Holders subsequently entered into extensions to their respective
lock-up
agreements (the
“Lock-Up
Extensions”) pursuant to which the
Lock-Up
Holders agreed (i) to extend the relevant time period during which the
lock-up
restrictions apply from September 30, 2022 to March 31, 2023, or from March 31, 2023 to September 30, 2023, as applicable (depending on the applicable
Lock-Up
Holder’s beneficial ownership of Class A Ordinary Shares) and (ii) to postpone the start of the measurement period of the trading price based release from August 28, 2022 to February 24, 2023. Additionally, pursuant to the
Lock-Up
Extensions, Swvl and the
Lock-Up
Holders agreed to permit the transfers of Class A Ordinary Shares by the
Lock-Up
Holders to any equity holder of the respective
Lock-Up
Holder to the extent necessary for such equity holder, or any affiliates of such equity holder, to meet any reasonably anticipated capital calls, obligations, commitments or liabilities entered into before the date of the
Lock-Up
Extension as determined by the respective
Lock-Up
Holder; provided, however, that such transfers will not be permitted on a date prior to which a transfer
 
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would have been permitted pursuant to the time based release or the trading price based release of the
lock-up
agreements as in effect on the execution date of the original
lock-up
agreements. Collectively, the
Lock-Up
Holders own 100,983,390
Class A Ordinary Shares, which represent approximately 75% of the total number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding as of August 22, 2022.
In connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement, certain of the directors of the Company, pursuant to
lock-up
agreements similar in form to the
lock-up
agreements entered into by the
Lock-Up
Holders, agreed not to sell or transfer any of Swvl’s securities which they currently hold, subject to certain exceptions, during the Restricted Period.
Registration Rights
Pursuant to the PIPE Subscription Agreements, Swvl must register the resale of up to 326,500,000 Class A Ordinary Shares held by the PIPE Investors. We are registering the offer and sale of these securities hereby to satisfy these registration rights.
Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Business Combination Agreement, Legacy Swvl, SPAC, the Company, the Sponsor and certain securityholders of Legacy Swvl entered into a registration rights agreement. Pursuant to the registration rights agreement, the Company is required to (a) within 20 business days after the consummation of the Business Combination, file with the SEC a registration statement registering the resale of certain securities of the Company held by such persons and (b) use its reasonable best efforts to cause the such registration statement to become effective as soon as reasonably practicable after the filing thereof. Under the registration rights agreement, such securityholders may demand up to (i) three underwritten offerings and (ii) within any
12-month
period, two block trades or
“at-the-market”
or similar registered offerings of their registrable securities through a broker or agent. Such securityholders are also entitled to customary piggyback registration rights. We are registering the offer and sale of these securities hereby to satisfy these registration rights.
Rule 144
Pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act (“Rule 144”), a person who has beneficially owned restricted Class A Ordinary Shares or Warrants for at least six months would be entitled to sell their securities; provided that (i) such person is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates at the time of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale and (ii) Swvl is subject to the Exchange Act periodic reporting requirements for at least three months before the sale and have filed all required reports under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the 12 months (or such shorter period as it was required to file reports) preceding the sale.
Persons who have beneficially owned restricted Class A Ordinary Shares or Warrants for at least six months but who are our affiliates at the time of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale, would be subject to additional restrictions, by which such person would be entitled to sell within any three-month period only a number of securities that does not exceed the greater of:
 
   
one percent (1%) of the total number of Class A Ordinary Shares then issued and outstanding; or
 
   
the average weekly reported trading volume of the Class A Ordinary Shares during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale.
Sales by our affiliates under Rule 144 are also limited by manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about Swvl.
 
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Restrictions on the Use of Rule 144 by Shell Companies or Former Shell Companies
Rule 144 is not available for the resale of securities initially issued by shell companies (other than business combination related shell companies) or issuers that have been at any time previously a shell company. However, Rule 144 also includes an important exception to this prohibition if the following conditions are met:
 
   
the issuer of the securities that was formerly a shell company has ceased to be a shell company;
 
   
the issuer of the securities is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act;
 
   
the issuer of the securities has filed all Exchange Act reports and material required to be filed, as applicable, during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the issuer was required to file such reports and materials); and
 
   
at least one year has elapsed from the time that the issuer filed Form
20-F
type information with the SEC, which we filed on March 31, 2022, reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company.
Rule 701
In general, under Rule 701 of the Securities Act as currently in effect, to the extent we adhere to the requirements of Rule 701 in issuing such securities, each of our employees, consultants or advisors who purchases equity shares from us in connection with a compensatory stock plan or other written agreement executed prior to the consummation of the Business Combination is eligible to resell those equity shares in reliance on Rule 144, but without compliance with some of the restrictions, including the holding period, contained in Rule 144. However, the Rule 701 shares would remain subject to
lock-up
arrangements and would only become eligible for sale when the
lock-up
period expires.
Earnout
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, during the time period beginning on March 31, 2022 and ending on March 31, 2027 (the “Earnout Period”), and as additional consideration for the interests in Legacy Swvl acquired in connection with the Business Combination, the Company is obligated to issue to certain holders of our securities additional Class A Ordinary Shares as earnout consideration on:
 
  (i)
the date on which the daily volume-weighted average sale price of one Class A Ordinary Share quoted on Nasdaq (or the exchange on which Class A Ordinary Shares are then listed) is greater than or equal to $12.50 for any 20 trading days within any 30 consecutive trading day period within the Earnout Period (“Earnout Triggering Event I”);
 
  (ii)
the date on which the daily volume-weighted average sale price of one Class A Ordinary Share quoted on Nasdaq (or the exchange on which Class A Ordinary Shares are then listed) is greater than or equal to $15.00 for any 20 trading days within any 30 consecutive trading day period within the Earnout Period (“Earnout Triggering Event II”); and
 
  (iii)
the date on which the daily volume-weighted average sale price of one Class A Ordinary Share quoted on Nasdaq (or the exchange on which Class A Ordinary Shares are then listed) is greater than or equal to $17.50 for any 20 trading days within any 30 consecutive trading day period within the Earnout Period (“Earnout Triggering Event III” and, together with Earnout Triggering Event I and Earnout Triggering Event II, the “Earnout Triggering Events”).
Within five business days after the occurrence of an Earnout Triggering Event, the Company will issue or cause to be issued to, with respect to an Earnout Triggering Event or a change of control (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), a holder, as of immediately prior to the Company Merger Effective Time, of (a) a Legacy Swvl share or (b) a Legacy Swvl option (each, “Eligible Legacy Swvl Equityholders”), but not including a holder of a Legacy Swvl option to the extent the Exchanged Option relating to such Legacy Swvl
 
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option was forfeited prior to the applicable Earnout Triggering Event or change of control and excluding Eligible Legacy Swvl Equityholders in their capacity as holders of Legacy Swvl options who shall instead be eligible to receive Earnout RSU Shares), with respect to such Earnout Triggering Event, the following number of Class A Ordinary Shares (which will be equitably adjusted for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations, reclassifications, combination, exchange of shares or other like change or transaction with respect to Class A Ordinary Shares occurring upon or prior to the applicable Earnout Triggering Event), upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement:
 
   
upon the occurrence of Earnout Triggering Event I, a
one-time
issuance of 5,000,000 Earnout Shares less the number of Earnout RSU Shares issued in connection with the occurrence of Earnout Triggering Event I;
 
   
upon the occurrence of Earnout Triggering Event II, a
one-time
issuance of 5,000,000 Earnout Shares less the number of Earnout RSU Shares issued in connection with the occurrence of Earnout Triggering Event II; and
 
   
upon the occurrence of Earnout Triggering Event III, a
one-time
issuance of 5,000,000 Earnout Shares less the number of Earnout RSU Shares issued in connection with the occurrence of Earnout Triggering Event III.
For the avoidance of doubt, the Eligible Legacy Swvl Equityholders (excluding Eligible Legacy Swvl Equityholders in their capacity as holders of Legacy Swvl options who shall instead be eligible to receive Earnout RSU Shares) with respect to an Earnout Triggering Event will be entitled to receive Earnout Shares upon the occurrence of each Earnout Triggering Event; provided, however, that each Earnout Triggering Event shall only occur once, if at all, and in no event shall the sum of the Earnout Shares issued together with the number of Earnout RSU Shares issued, exceed 15,000,000 Earnout Shares.
If, during the Earnout Period, there is a change of control (or a definitive agreement providing for a change of control is entered into during the Earnout Period and such change of control is ultimately consummated, even if such consummation occurs after the Earnout Period) pursuant to which the Company or its shareholders have the right to receive consideration implying a value per Class A Ordinary Share (as determined in good faith by the Board) of:
 
   
less than $12.50, then no Earnout Shares or Earnout RSU Shares will be issuable;
 
   
greater than or equal to $12.50 but less than $15.00, then, (a) immediately prior to such change of control, the Company will issue 5,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares (less (x) any Earnout Shares issued prior to such change of control, (y) any Earnout RSU Shares issued prior to such change of control and (z) any Earnout RSU Shares issued in connection with such change of control) to the Eligible Legacy Swvl Equityholders with respect to the change of control and (b) no further Earnout Shares or Earn out RSU Shares will be issuable;
 
   
greater than or equal to $15.00 but less than $17.50, then, (a) immediately prior to such change of control, the Company will issue 10,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares (less (x) any Earnout Shares issued prior to such change of control, (y) any Earnout RSU Shares issued prior to such change of control and (z) any Earnout RSU Shares issued in connection with such change of control) to the Eligible Swvl Equityholders with respect to the change of control and (b) no further Earnout Shares or Earnout RSU Shares will be issuable; or
 
   
greater than or equal to $17.50, then, (a) immediately prior to such change of control, the Company will issue 15,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares (less (x) any Earnout Shares issued prior to such change of control, (y) any Earnout RSU Shares issued prior to such change of control and (z) any Earnout RSU Shares issued in connection with such change of control) to the Eligible Swvl Equityholders with respect to the change of control and (b) no further Earnout Shares or Earnout RSU Shares will be issuable.
 
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The Class A Ordinary Share price targets specified in the definitions of “Earnout Triggering Event I,” “Earnout Triggering Event II” and “Earnout Triggering Event III” set forth in the Business Combination Agreement will be equitably adjusted for stock splits, share divisions, reverse stock splits, stock or share dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations, reclassifications, combination, exchange of shares or other like change or transaction with respect to Class A Ordinary Shares occurring prior to the change of control.
Each Earnout RSU shall be subject to forfeiture, and such forfeiture restrictions shall lapse with respect to a pro rata portion of the Earnout RSUs held by each holder of Earnout RSUs upon the occurrence of an Earnout Triggering Event (or on the date on which a change of control occurs) and the relevant Earnout RSU Shares shall be issued to such holder, but only to the extent that such Earnout RSU Share would have been issued upon the Earnout Triggering Event (or change of control) had it instead been an Earnout Share. Earnout RSUs also shall be subject to forfeiture and shall be reallocated pro rata to the other holders of Earnout RSUs to the extent the portion of the Exchanged Option to which they relate is forfeited prior to the applicable Earnout Triggering Event (or change of control) regardless of whether at the time of such forfeiture such Exchanged Option was vested or unvested. Any Earnout RSU that remains subject to forfeiture at the expiration of the Earnout Period shall automatically and without further action be forfeited, and the Eligible Legacy Swvl Equityholder shall have no further right, title or interest in such Earnout RSU or the related Earnout RSU Share. Earnout RSU Shares are issuable in settlement of Earnout RSUs upon satisfaction of the same price targets set forth in the Business Combination Agreement that apply to the Earnout Shares.
 
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TAXATION
Material BVI Tax Considerations with Respect to Ownership of Class A Ordinary Shares
The following is a discussion on certain British Virgin Islands income tax considerations with respect to the ownership of our Class A Ordinary Shares. The discussion is a general summary of present law, which is subject to prospective and retroactive change. It is not intended as tax advice, does not consider any investor’s particular circumstances, and does not include tax considerations other than those arising under BVI law.
Under Existing British Virgin Islands Laws
Pursuant to Section 242 of the BVI Business Companies Act, a BVI business company and all dividends, interest, rents, royalties, compensations and other amounts paid by a BVI business company to persons who are not resident in the BVI and any capital gains realized with respect to any shares, debt obligations or other securities of a BVI business company by persons who are not resident in the BVI are exempt from all provisions of the Income Tax Act of the BVI.
Similarly, no estate, inheritance, succession or gift tax is payable by persons who are not resident in the British Virgin Islands with respect to any shares, debt obligations or other securities of a British Virgin Islands business company.
All instruments relating to transfers of property to or by a BVI business company and all instruments relating to transactions in respect of the shares, debt obligations or other securities of a BVI business company and all instruments relating to other transactions relating to the business of BVI business company, are exempt from the payment of stamp duty in the BVI. This assumes that the BVI business company does not hold an interest in real estate in the BVI.
There are currently no withholding taxes or exchange control regulations in the BVI applicable to BVI business companies or their members.
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders
The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations for U.S. Holders (as defined below) of the ownership and disposition of Class A Ordinary Shares. For purposes of this discussion, a “Holder” is a beneficial owner of Class A Ordinary Shares. This discussion applies only to Class A Ordinary Shares, as the case may be, that are held as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally, property held for investment). This discussion is based on the provisions of the Code, U.S. Treasury regulations (“Treasury Regulations”), administrative rules, and judicial decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. Any such change or differing interpretation could significantly alter the tax considerations described herein. The Company has not sought any rulings from the IRS with respect to the statements made and the positions or conclusions described in this summary. Such statements, positions and conclusions are not free from doubt, and there can be no assurance that your tax advisor, the IRS, or a court will agree with such statements, positions, and conclusions.
This summary does not address the Medicare tax on certain investment income, U.S. federal estate or gift tax laws, any U.S. state or local or
non-U.S.
tax laws, or any tax treaties. Furthermore, this discussion does not address all U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to particular holders in light of their personal circumstances or that may be relevant to certain categories of investors that may be subject to special rules under the U.S. federal income tax laws, such as:
 
   
banks, insurance companies, or other financial institutions;
 
   
tax-exempt
or governmental organizations;
 
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“qualified foreign pension funds” as defined in Section 897(l)(2) of the Code (or any entities all of the interests of which are held by a qualified foreign pension fund);
 
   
dealers in securities or foreign currencies;
 
   
persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;
 
   
traders in securities that use the
mark-to-market
method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
 
   
“controlled foreign corporations,” “passive foreign investment companies,” and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax;
 
   
entities or arrangements treated as partnerships or other pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or holders of interests therein;
 
   
persons deemed to sell Class A Ordinary Shares under the constructive sale provisions of the Code;
 
   
persons that acquired Class A Ordinary Shares through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation or through a
tax-qualified
retirement plan;
 
   
persons that hold Class A Ordinary Shares as part of a straddle, appreciated financial position, synthetic security, hedge, conversion transaction, or other integrated investment or risk reduction transaction;
 
   
certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;
 
   
except as specifically provided below, persons that actually or constructively own 5% or more (by vote or value) of any class of shares of the Company;
 
   
the Company’s officers or directors; and
 
   
holders who are not U.S. Holders.
If a partnership (including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Class A Ordinary Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner, upon the activities of the partnership and upon certain determinations made at the partner level. Accordingly, partners in partnerships (including entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holding Class A Ordinary Shares are urged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them relating to the matters discussed below.
ALL HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS (INCLUDING ANY POTENTIAL FUTURE CHANGES THERETO) TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS, AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES ARISING UNDER ANY OTHER TAX LAWS, INCLUDING U.S. FEDERAL ESTATE OR GIFT TAX LAWS OR ANY U.S. STATE OR LOCAL OR
NON-U.S.
TAX LAWS, OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE INCOME TAX TREATY.
U.S. Holder Defined
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a Holder that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:
 
   
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
 
   
a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;
 
   
an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or
 
   
a trust (i) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and which has one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) that has made a valid election under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a United States person.
 
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Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
Adverse U.S. federal income tax rules apply to United States persons that hold shares in a foreign (i.e.,
non-U.S.)
corporation classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, the Company will be treated as a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder in any taxable year in which, after applying certain look-through rules, either (a) at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year consists of passive income (e.g., dividends, interest, rents (other than rents derived from the active conduct of a trade or business), and gains from the disposition of passive assets); or (b) the average percentage (ordinarily averaged quarterly over the year) by value of its assets during such taxable year that produce or are held for the production of passive income is at least 50%.
Because PFIC status is based on income, assets and activities for the entire taxable year and because revenue production of the Company is uncertain, it is not possible to determine PFIC status for any taxable year until after the close of the taxable year. There can be no assurance that the Company will not meet the PFIC income or asset test for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If the Company is a PFIC for any taxable year in which a U.S. Holder held Class A Ordinary Shares, the Company will be treated as a PFIC for subsequent years even if the Company would not be classified as a PFIC in those years.
If the Company were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder held Class A Ordinary Shares, a U.S. Holder would be subject to significant adverse tax consequences, including interest charges and additional taxes, on certain excess distributions, sales, exchanges, or other dispositions of Class A Ordinary Shares and certain transactions involving subsidiaries of the Company that are themselves PFICs. A U.S. Holder may mitigate certain, but not all, of these adverse consequences by timely making certain elections with respect to its Class A Ordinary Shares. In this regard, there can be no assurances that the Company will provide U.S. Holders the information required to make certain of these elections. In addition, certain information reporting requirements apply with respect to the ownership of Class A Ordinary Shares.
The remainder of this discussion assumes Company has not and will not be classified as PFIC.
THE PFIC RULES ARE VERY COMPLEX, ARE AFFECTED BY VARIOUS FACTORS IN ADDITION TO THOSE DESCRIBED ABOVE, AND THEIR APPLICATION IS UNCERTAIN. U.S. HOLDERS ARE STRONGLY URGED TO CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS TO DETERMINE THE APPLICATION OF THE PFIC RULES TO THEM IN THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES AND ANY RESULTING TAX CONSEQUENCES.
Tax Characterization of Distributions with Respect to Class A Ordinary Shares
If the Company pays distributions of cash or other property to U.S. Holders of shares of Class A Ordinary Shares, such distributions generally will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, and will be treated as described in the section entitled “Distributions Treated as Dividends” below. The Company does not expect to determine earnings and profits in accordance with United States federal income tax principles. Therefore, U.S. Holders should expect that any distribution by the Company will generally be treated as a dividend.
Distributions Treated as Dividends
Dividends paid by the Company will be taxable to a corporate U.S. Holder at regular rates and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to domestic corporations in respect of dividends received from other domestic corporations. Dividends the Company pays to a
non-corporate
U.S. Holder generally will constitute “qualified dividends” that will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the lower applicable long-term capital gains tax rate only if (i) Class A Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an
 
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established securities market in the United States, and (ii) a certain holding period and other requirements are met. If such requirements are not satisfied, a
non-corporate
U.S. Holder may be subject to tax on the dividend at regular ordinary income tax rates instead of the preferential rate that applies to qualified dividend income.
Gain or Loss on Sale or Other Taxable Exchange or Disposition of Class A Ordinary Shares
Upon a sale or other taxable disposition of Class A Ordinary Shares (which, in general, would include a redemption of Class A Ordinary Shares that is treated as a sale of such securities), a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between (i) the sum of the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received in such disposition and (ii) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Class A Ordinary Shares.
Any such capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A Ordinary Shares, as applicable, so disposed of exceeds one year. Long-term capital gains recognized by
non-corporate
U.S. Holders may be eligible to be taxed at reduced rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividends paid to U.S. Holders with respect to Class A Ordinary Shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange, or redemption of Class A Ordinary Shares may be subject, under certain circumstances, to information reporting and backup withholding. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder that (i) is a corporation or entity that is otherwise exempt from backup withholding (which, when required, certifies as to its exempt status) or (ii) furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification on IRS Form
W-9
(Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification). Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the U.S. federal income tax liability (if any) of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax withheld. If backup withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund generally may be obtained, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
Certain U.S. Holders may be required to file an IRS Form 926 (Return by a U.S. Transferor of Property to a Foreign Corporation) to report a transfer of property (including stock, securities, or cash) to us. Substantial penalties may be imposed on a U.S. Holder that fails to comply with this reporting requirement, and the period of limitations on assessment and collection of U.S. federal income taxes will be extended in the event of a failure to comply. Furthermore, certain U.S. Holders who are individuals and certain entities will be required to report information with respect to such U.S. Holder’s investment in “specified foreign financial assets” on IRS Form 8938 (Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets), subject to certain exceptions. An interest in the Company constitutes a specified foreign financial asset for these purposes. Persons who are required to report specified foreign financial assets and fail to do so may be subject to substantial penalties, and the period of limitations on assessment and collection of U.S. federal income taxes will be extended in the event of a failure to comply. U.S. Holders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the foreign financial asset and other reporting obligations and their application to their ownership of Class A Ordinary Shares.
THE FOREGOING DISCUSSION IS NOT A COMPREHENSIVE DISCUSSION OF ALL OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HOLDERS OF CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES. SUCH HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS TO DETERMINE THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF OWNING CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT (AND ANY POTENTIAL FUTURE CHANGES THERETO) OF ANY U.S. FEDERAL, STATE OR LOCAL OR
NON-U.S.
TAX LAWS AND ANY INCOME TAX TREATIES.
 
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Class A Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus are being offered by the Selling Securityholder, B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC. The shares may be sold or distributed from time to time by the Selling Securityholder directly to one or more purchasers or through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act solely as agents at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, at negotiated prices, or at fixed prices, which may be changed. The sale of the Class A Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus could be effected in one or more of the following methods:
 
   
ordinary brokers’ transactions;
 
   
transactions involving cross or block trades;
 
   
through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act solely as agents;
 
   
“at the market” into an existing market for our Class A Ordinary Shares;
 
   
in other ways not involving market makers or established business markets, including direct sales to purchasers or sales effected through agents;
 
   
in privately negotiated transactions; or
 
   
any combination of the foregoing.
In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the shares may be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states, the shares may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the state or an exemption from the state’s registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.
The Selling Securityholder is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.
The Selling Securityholder has informed us that it presently anticipates using, but is not required to use, B. Riley Securities, Inc., a registered broker-dealer and FINRA member, as a broker to effectuate resales, if any, of our Class A Ordinary Shares that it may acquire from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and that it may also engage one or more other registered broker-dealers to effectuate resales, if any, of such Class A Ordinary Shares that it may acquire from us. Such resales will be made at prices and at terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then current market price. Each such registered broker-dealer will be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. The Selling Securityholder has informed us that each such broker-dealer it engages to effectuate resales of our Class A Ordinary Shares on its behalf, excluding B. Riley Securities, Inc., may receive commissions from the Selling Securityholder for executing such resales for the Selling Securityholder and, if so, such commissions will not exceed customary brokerage commissions.
Except as set forth above, we know of no existing arrangements between the Selling Securityholder and any other shareholder, broker, dealer, underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus.
Brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the Class A Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus may receive compensation in the form of commissions, discounts, or concessions from the purchasers, for whom the broker-dealers may act as agent, of the shares sold by the Selling Securityholder through this prospectus. The compensation paid to any such particular broker-dealer by any such purchasers of Class A Ordinary Shares sold by the Selling Securityholder may be less than or in excess of customary commissions. Neither we nor the Selling Securityholder can presently estimate the amount of compensation that any agent will receive from any purchasers of Ordinary Shares sold by the Selling Securityholder.
We may from time to time file with the SEC one or more supplements to this prospectus or amendments to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part to amend, supplement or update information
 
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contained in this prospectus, including, if and when required under the Securities Act, to disclose certain information relating to a particular sale of shares offered by this prospectus by the v, including with respect to any compensation paid or payable by the Selling Securityholder to any brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents that participate in the distribution of such shares by the Selling Securityholder, and any other related information required to be disclosed under the Securities Act.
We will pay the expenses incident to the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of the Ordinary Shares covered by this prospectus by the Selling Securityholder.
As consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase our Class A Ordinary Shares under the Purchase Agreement, on April 6, 2022, we issued to the Selling Securityholder 386,971 Class A Ordinary Shares as Commitment Shares as a commitment fee. In addition, we paid $50,000 to the Selling Securityholder as reimbursement of certain fees and disbursements of its counsel in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement.
We will also indemnify the Selling Securityholder and certain other persons against certain liabilities in connection with the offering of Class A Ordinary Shares offered hereby, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities. the Selling Securityholder has agreed to indemnify us against liabilities under the Securities Act that may arise from certain written information furnished to us by the Selling Securityholder specifically for use in this prospectus or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers, and controlling persons, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore, unenforceable.
We estimate that the total expenses for the offering will be approximately $603,896.
The Selling Securityholder has represented to us that at no time prior to the date of the Purchase Agreement has the Selling Securityholder, its officers, its sole member, or any entity managed or controlled by the Selling Securityholder or its sole member, engaged in or effected, in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly, for its own account or for the account of any of its affiliates, any short sale (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of our Class A Ordinary Shares or any hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to our Class A Ordinary Shares. The Selling Securityholder has agreed that during the term of the Purchase Agreement, none of the Selling Securityholder, its officers, its sole member, or any entity managed or controlled by the Selling Securityholder or its sole member, will enter into or effect, directly or indirectly, any of the foregoing transactions for its own account or for the account of any other such person or entity.
We have advised the Selling Securityholder that it is required to comply with Regulation M promulgated under the Exchange Act. With certain exceptions, Regulation M precludes the Selling Securityholder, any affiliated purchasers, and any broker-dealer or other person who participates in the distribution from bidding for or purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to bid for or purchase any security which is the subject of the distribution until the entire distribution is complete. Regulation M also prohibits any bids or purchases made in order to stabilize the price of a security in connection with the distribution of that security. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the securities offered by this prospectus.
This offering will terminate on the date that all Class A Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus have been sold by the Selling Securityholder.
Our Class A Ordinary Shares are currently listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “SWVL”.
 
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EXPENSES RELATED TO THE OFFERING
We estimate the following expenses in connection with the offer and sale of our Class A Ordinary Shares by the Selling Securityholder. With the exception of the SEC Registration Fee, all amounts are estimates.
 
SEC registration fee
   $ 43,896  
Legal fees and expenses
     400,000
Accountants’ fees and expenses
     100,000
Printing expenses
     60,000
Transfer agent fees and expenses
    
Miscellaneous costs
    
  
 
 
 
Total
  
$
603,896
 
  
 
 
 
 
*
Estimated solely for the purposes of this section. Actual expenses may vary.
We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of the securities offered by this prospectus, whereas the Selling Securityholder will bear all incremental selling expenses, including commissions, brokerage fees and other similar selling expenses.
 
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LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of Class A Ordinary Shares shall be passed on by Maples & Calder, as our counsel with respect to certain legal matters as to BVI law.
 
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EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Swvl Inc. and its subsidiaries included in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so included in reliance upon the report of Grant Thornton Audit and Accounting Limited (Dubai Branch), independent registered public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The financial statements of SPAC as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the period from December 9, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, appearing in this prospectus on
Form F-1
have been audited by WithumSmith+Brown, PC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report thereon (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to a going concern) and included in this prospectus, in reliance upon such report and upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
 
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SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES UNDER U.S. SECURITIES LAWS
Swvl is a British Virgin Islands company and substantially all of its assets and operations are located outside of the U.S. In addition, certain of Swvl’s directors and officers reside outside the U.S. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the U.S. or elsewhere upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in the jurisdictions in which Swvl operates or British Virgin Islands courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against Swvl and its officers and directors, certain of whom are not residents in the U.S. and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the U.S. It may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against Swvl in the British Virgin Islands if you believe your rights under the U.S. securities laws have been infringed. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the British Virgin Islands or jurisdictions in which Swvl operates would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts against Swvl or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S. or any state and it is uncertain whether such British Virgin Islands or courts in jurisdictions in which Swvl operates would hear original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands or jurisdictions in which Swvl operates against Swvl or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the U.S. or any state.
 
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We are subject to certain of the informational filing requirements of the Exchange Act. As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to all of the disclosure requirements applicable to public companies organized within the United States. For example, we are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act that regulate disclosure obligations and procedural requirements related to the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations applicable to a security registered under the Exchange Act, including the U.S. proxy rules under Section 14 of the Exchange Act. In addition, our officers and directors are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and related rules with respect to their purchases and sales of our securities. Moreover, while we expect to submit quarterly interim consolidated financial data to the SEC under cover of the SEC’s Form
6-K,
we are not be required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. public companies and are not be required to file quarterly reports on Form
10-Q
or current reports on Form
8-K
under the Exchange Act.
The SEC maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports and other information that we file with or furnish electronically with the SEC.
 
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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SWVL HOLDINGS CORP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
    
Page
 
    
F-2
 
    
F-4
 
    
F-5
 
    
F-6
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 (unaudited)
    
F-8
 
    
F-32
 
    
F-33
 
    
F-34
 
    
F-35
 
    
F-36
 
    
F-37
 
QUEEN’S GAMBIT GROWTH CAPITAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
    
Page
 
    
F-83
 
    
F-84
 
    
F-85
 
    
F-86
 
    
F-87
 
    
F-88
 
 
F-1

Table of Contents
Swvl Holdings Corp and its Subsidiaries
Condensed statement of financial position as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021
 
 
  
 
 
  
(Unaudited)

At 30 June 2022
USD
 
 
(Audited)

At 31 December 2021
USD

(recast)
 
ASSETS
  
 
Note
 
  
 
Non-current
assets
  
  
 
Property and equipment
     4        1,747,417       648,704  
Intangible assets
     5        10,470,998       988,406  
Goodwill
     6        20,760,727       4,418,226  
Right-of-use
assets
              3,438,619       4,059,896  
Deferred tax assets
     17.2        15,304,600       14,631,743  
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
             
 
51,722,361
 
 
 
24,746,975
 
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Current assets
                         
Current financial assets
              5,000,000       10,000,880  
Deferred transaction cost
              —         7,355,404  
Trade and other receivables
     7        14,278,176       6,603,240  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
              5,091,010       1,102,989  
Cash and bank balances
     8        19,304,380       9,529,723  
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
             
 
43,673,566
 
 
 
34,592,236
 
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
           
 
95,395,927
 
 
 
59,339,211
 
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
                         
EQUITY
                         
Share capital
     9.1        11,889       8,529  
Share premium
     9.2        314,218,626      
88,873,188

 
Employee share scheme reserve
     10        37,186,616       36,929,523  
Foreign currency translation reserve
              (1,137,716     450,863  
Accumulated losses
              (375,804,634     (216,066,255
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net deficit attributable to the Parent Company’s Shareholders
           
 
(25,525,219
 
 
(89,804,152
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Non-controlling
interests
              1,010,339       66,378  
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total deficit
           
 
(24,514,880
 
 
(89,737,774
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
LIABILITIES
                         
Non-current
liabilities
                         
Provision for employees’ end of service benefits
              698,448       815,407  
Earnout liabilities
     11        37,568,164       —    
Interest-bearing loans
              1,681,103       337,545  
Derivative warrant liabilities
     12        11,145,000       —    
Lease liabilities
              2,777,604       2,961,317  
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
             
 
53,870,319
 
 
 
4,114,269
 
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.
 
F-2

Table of Contents
Swvl Holdings Corp and its Subsidiaries
Condensed interim consolidated statements of financial position
(continued)
 
 
  
 
 
  
(Unaudited)

At 30 June 2022
USD
 
  
(Audited)

At 31 December 2021
USD
 
Current liabilities
  
  
  
Derivatives liability
              —         44,330,400  
Convertible notes
              228,984       74,606,482  
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables
     13        63,122,137       23,606,454  
Current tax liabilities
              1,197,359       678,972  
Loans from a related party
     19        443,698       478,764  
Interest-bearing loans
              —         60,440  
Lease liabilities
              1,048,310       1,201,204  
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
             
 
66,040,488
 
 
 
144,962,716
 
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
           
 
119,910,807
 
 
 
149,076,985
 
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total equity and liabilities
           
 
95,395,927
 
 
 
59,339,211
 
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.
 
F-3

Table of Contents
Swvl Holdings Corp and its Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2022
 
 
  
 
 
  
For the six-month period ended

30 June
 
 
  
Note
 
  
(Unaudited)

2022

USD
 
  
(Unaudited)

2021

USD
 
Revenue
     15        40,740,083       12,916,256  
Cost of sales
              (49,314,589     (15,906,541
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Gross loss
           
 
(8,574,506
 
 
(2,990,285
       
General and administrative expenses
              (51,271,232     (34,029,443
Selling and marketing costs
              (12,207,448     (4,906,553
Provision for expected credit losses
     7        (2,194,381     (426,549
Hyperinflation adjustment
     2.5        2,637,888       —    
Other income
              528,922       —    
Other expenses
              (231,448     (518,234
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Operating loss
           
 
(71,312,205
 
 
(42,871,064
       
Change in fair value of financial liabilities
     11,12        62,324,575       —    
Recapitalization cost
     20        (139,609,424     —    
Impairment of financial assets
     22.5        (10,000,890     —    
Finance income
              79,814       44,470  
Finance cost
              (3,725,204     (39,554,547
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Loss for the period before tax
           
 
(162,243,334
 
 
(82,381,141
       
Tax
     17.1        623,765       1,693,740  
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Loss for the period
           
 
(161,619,569
 
 
(80,687,401
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Attributable to:
                         
Equity holders of the Parent Company
              (159,738,379     (80,687,401
Non-controlling
interests
              (1,881,190     —    
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
             
 
(161,619,569
 
 
(80,687,401
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Basic and diluted loss per share
  
 
18
 
  
 
(1.52
    (0.95
Other comprehensive income
                         
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
                         
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations
              (1,588,579     166,005  
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total comprehensive loss for the period
           
 
(163,208,148
 
 
(80,521,396
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.
 
F-4

Table of Contents
Swvl Holdings Corp and its Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statem
e
nt of Changes in Equity for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
Share

capital

USD

(recast)
 
 
Share
premium

USD

(recast)
 
 
Employee
share
scheme
reserve

USD
 
 
Foreign
currency
translation
reserve

USD
 
 
Accumulated
losses

USD
 
 
Equity
attributable to
the Parent’s
Shareholders
 
 
Non-controlling

interest

USD
 
 
Total

equity/(net
deficit)

USD
 
 
 
Note
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 1 January 2021 (Audited)
 
       
 
8,529
 
 
 
88,873,188
  
 
 
 
3,318,292
 
 
 
860,374
 
 
 
(74,650,123
 
 
18,410,260
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
18,410,260
 
Total comprehensive loss for the period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss for the period
 
         
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(80,687,401
 
 
(80,687,401
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(80,687,401
Other comprehensive income for
the period
 
         
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
166,005
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
166,005
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
166,005
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
166,005
 
 
 
(80,687,401
 
 
(80,521,396
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(80,521,396
Employee share scheme charge
 
 
10
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
22,298,052
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
22,298,052
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
22,298,052
 
As at 30 June 2021
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,529
 
 
 
88,873,188
 
 
 
25,616,344
 
 
 
1,026,379
 
 
 
(155,337,524
 
 
(39,813,084
 
 
  
 
 
 
(39,813,084
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 1 January 2022 (Audited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,529
 
 
 
88,873,188
 
 
 
36,929,523
 
 
 
450,863
 
 
 
(216,066,255
 
 
(89,804,152
 
 
66,378
 
 
 
(89,737,774
 
Total comprehensive loss for the period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss for the period
 
 
 
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(159,738,379
 
 
(159,738,379
 
 
(1,881,190
 
 
(161,619,569
Other comprehensive income for
the period
 
 
 
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(1,588,579
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(1,588,579
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(1,588,579
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(1,588,579
 
 
(159,738,379
 
 
(161,326,958
 
 
(1,881,190
 
 
(163,208,148
Issuance of shares
 
 
9
 
 
 
39
 
 
 
2,670,139
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
2,670,178
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
2,670,178
 
Issuance of shares to PIPE
Investors
 
 
9
 
 
 
397
 
 
 
39,663,603
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
39,664,000
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
39,664,000
 
Issuance of shares to SPAC
shareholders
 
 
9
 
 
 
1,395
 
 
 
32,332,406
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
32,333,801
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
32,333,801
 
Conversion of convertible notes
 
 
9
 
 
 
1,612
 
 
 
145,952,505
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
145,954,117
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
145,954,117
 
Recapitalizations costs
 
 
9
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
139,609,424
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
139,609,424
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
139,609,424
 
Costs attributable to the issuance
of shares in connection with
the business combination
 
 
9
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(59,322,184
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(59,322,184
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(59,332,184
Cost of shares earnouts
 
 
9
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(75,550,455
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(75,550,455
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(75,550,455
Acquisition of a subsidiary
 
 
 
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
2,825,151
 
 
 
2,825,151
 
Employee share scheme charge
 
 
10
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
257,093
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
257,093
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
257,093
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 30 June 2022
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
11,972
 
 
 
314,218,626
 
 
 
37,186,616
 
 
 
(1,137,716
 
 
(375,804,634
 
 
(25,525,136
 
 
1,010,339
 
 
 
(24,514,880
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.
 
5

Table of Contents
Swvl Holdings Corp and its Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2022
 
 
  
 
 
  
For the six-month period ended

30 June
 
 
  
 
 
  
(Unaudited)

2022

USD
 
 
(Unaudited)

2021

USD
 
  
 
Note
 
  
 
Loss for the period before tax
  
 
 
 
  
 
(162,243,334
 
 
(82,381,141
Adjustments for:
  
  
 
Depreciation of property and equipment
  
 
4
 
  
 
365,340
 
 
 
38,912
 
Depreciation of
right-of-use
assets
  
 
 
 
  
 
703,553
 
 
 
166,349
 
Gain on disposal of
right-of-use
assets
  
 
 
 
  
 
(85,636
 
 
  
 
Amortization of intangible assets
  
 
5
 
  
 
676,750
 
 
 
  
 
Provision for expected credit losses
  
 
7
 
  
 
2,194,381
 
 
 
426,549
 
Impairment of financial assets
  
 
22.5
 
  
 
10,000,890
 
 
 
  
 
Change in fair value of financial liabilities
  
 
11,12
 
  
 
(62,324,575
 
 
  
 
Finance cost
  
 
 
 
  
 
3,725,204
 
 
 
39,554,547
 
Recapitalization costs
  
 
20
 
  
 
139,609,424
 
 
 
  
 
Provision for employees’ end of service benefits
  
 
 
 
  
 
322,955
 
 
 
193,399
 
Employee share scheme reserve charges
  
 
10
 
  
 
257,093
 
 
 
22,298,052
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
(66,797,955
 
 
(19,703,333
Changes in working capital:
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trade and other receivables
  
 
 
 
  
 
(8,114,968
 
 
(1,162,624
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
  
 
 
 
  
 
(3,988,021
 
 
12,744
 
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables
  
 
 
 
  
 
1,992,144
 
 
 
1,847,286
 
Current tax liabilities
  
 
 
 
  
 
518,387
 
 
 
(1,201,799
Advances to shareholders
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
10,044
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
(76,390,413
 
 
(20,197,682
Payment of employee’s end of service benefits
  
 
 
 
  
 
(439,914
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash outflow from operating activities
  
 
 
 
  
 
(76,830,327
 
 
(20,197,682
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow from investing activities
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchase of property and equipment
  
 
 
 
  
 
(1,191,592
 
 
(53,214
Purchase of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
 
 
  
 
(5,000,010
 
 
  
 
Capitalized development costs
  
 
 
 
  
 
(1,666,934
 
 
  
 
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired
  
 
 
 
  
 
(1,463,293
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash outflow from investing activities
  
 
 
 
  
 
(9,321,829
 
 
(53,214
Cash flows from financing activities
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of share capital
  
 
 
 
  
 
32,333,801
 
 
 
  
 
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes
  
 
 
 
  
 
26,336,000
 
 
 
27,699,900
 
Proceeds from PIPE subscription
  
 
 
 
  
 
39,664,000
 
 
 
  
 
Repayment of loan from related party
  
 
 
 
  
 
(35,066
 
 
  
 
Finance cost paid
  
 
 
 
  
 
(182,996
 
 
(35,712
Finance lease liabilities paid, net of accretion
  
 
 
 
  
 
(436,677
 
 
(164,178
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net cash inflow from financing activities
           
 
97,679,062
 
 
 
27,500,010
 
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.
 
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Table of Contents
Swvl Holdings Corp and its Subsidiaries
Condensed interim consolidated statements of cash flows
(continued)
 
 
  
 
 
  
For the six-month period ended

30 June
 
 
  
 
 
  
(Unaudited)

2022

USD
 
 
(Unaudited)

2021

USD
 
  
 
Note
 
  
 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
  
 
 
 
  
 
11,526,906
 
 
 
7,249,114  
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
  
 
 
 
  
 
9,529,723
 
 
 
10,348,732  
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
  
 
 
 
  
 
(1,752,249
 
 
166,005  
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
           
 
19,304,380
 
 
 
17,763,851
 
             
 
 
   
 
 
 
Non-cash financing and investing activities:
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
USD
 
 
USD
 
Issuance of shares during the period/year
  
 
 
 
  
 
2,670,178
 
 
 
  
 
Cost of shares earnouts
  
 
 
 
  
 
(53,268,293
 
 
  
 
Acquisitions of
non-controlling
interests
  
 
 
 
  
 
(3,036,641
 
 
  
 
Costs attributable to the issuance of shares
  
 
 
 
  
 
8,465,508
 
 
 
  
 
Conversion of convertible notes
  
 
 
 
  
 
145,954,117
 
 
 
  
 
Property and equipment additions through acquisition of business
  
 
 
 
  
 
(272,461
 
 
  
 
Intangible assets additions through acquisition of business
  
 
 
 
  
 
(8,860,000
 
 
  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.
 
F-7

Table of Contents
Swvl Holdings Corp and its subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial States for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2022
 
1
Establishment and operations
Swvl Holdings Corp (the “Parent Company”) (formerly known as “Pivotal Holdings Corp”) is a business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands and was registered on 23 July 2021. The registered office of the Company is at P.O. Box 173, Kingston Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, the British Virgin Islands.
The condensed interim consolidated financial statements as at and for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022 consist of the Parent Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group”). The Group’s principal head office is located in The Offices 4, One Central, Dubai World Trade Centre, Street 1, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Swvl Inc. was founded on 17 May 2017. Swvl Holdings Corp was incorporated as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Swvl Inc. As a result of various legal entity reorganization transactions undertaken in March 2022, Swvl Holdings Corp became the holding company of the Group, and the then-stockholders of Swvl Inc. became the stockholders of Swvl Holdings Corp. Swvl Inc. is the predecessor of Swvl Holdings Corp for financial reporting purposes.
The Group operates multimodal transportation networks in Egypt, Pakistan, Kenya, United Arab Emirates, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Malaysia, Spain, Argentina, Chile, Germany and Turkey that offer access to transportation options through the Group’s platform and mobile-based application. The Group uses leading technology, operational excellence and product expertise to operate transportation services on predetermined routes. The Group develops and operates proprietary technology applications supporting a variety of offerings on its platform (“platform(s)” or “Platform(s)”). The Group provides transportation services through contracting with other service providers (or transportation operators). Riders are collectively referred to as
“end-user(s)”
or “consumer(s)”. The drivers are referred to as “captain(s).”
Reverse recapitalization
On 28 July 2021, the Parent Company and Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital, a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability (the “SPAC”) listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“NASDAQ”), and certain other parties have entered into a definitive agreement for a business combination that would result in the Group becoming a publicly listed company upon completion of the aforementioned transaction.
On March 31, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), the Parent Company consummated the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”), dated as of July 28, 2021, as amended, between Swvl Inc., Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital and other merger companies.
As a result of the mergers and the other transactions (the “Transaction”) contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, the merged Queen’s Gambit Surviving Company and Swvl Inc. each became wholly owned subsidiaries of the Parent Company, and the securityholders of the SPAC and Swvl Inc. became securityholders of the Parent Company.
The Parent Company’s Second Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association authorizes the issuance of up to 555,000,000 shares, consisting of (a) 500,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares and (b) 55,000,000 preferred shares. All outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares are fully paid and
non-assessable.
To the extent they are issued, certificates representing Class A Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form. All options, regardless of grant dates, will entitle holders to an equivalent number of Class A Ordinary Shares once the vesting and exercising conditions are met.
 
F-8

Subsequent
 
to the closing of the Transaction, there were 118,496,102 Class A Ordinary Shares with par value of $0.0001 per share that were outstanding and issued. There were also 17,433,333 Warrants outstanding, at the
closing of the Transaction, each exercisable at $11.50 per one Class A Ordinary Share, of which 11,500,000 are public warrants (“Public Warrants”) listed on NASDAQ and 5,933,333 private placement warrants (“Private Warrants”) held by the Sponsor (Note 12).
Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, at the Closing Date, among other things, each shareholder of Swvl Inc.’s outstanding a) Common Shares A, b) Common Shares B and c) Class A, B, C, D and
D-1
preferred shares received approximately 1,510 (“Conversion Ratio”) shares of the Parent Company’s common shares A and the contingent right to receive certain Earnout Shares (Note 11), for each share of the Company’s common shares, par value $0.0001 per share in exchange of original shares.
Concurrently at the Closing Date, each outstanding and unexercised option (vested or not) to purchase Swvl Inc.’s Common Shares, was converted to an option to purchase approximately 1,509.96 the Parent Company’s common Shares A and the contingent right to receive certain Earnout restricted Stock Units (“Earnout RSUs”) at an exercise price per option equal to (x) the exercise price per option divided by (y) the exchange ratio.
Considering the facts of the Business Combination Agreement, it was assumed that the quoted price of the Company’s Common Shares A inherently considers the impact of the contingently issuable Earnout Shares, and it was part of an equity transaction between parties to the Transaction.
In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, at the Closing Date, each outstanding Queen’s Gambit Warrant was automatically assumed and converted into a new Warrant to acquire new Swvl’s Common Share A, subject to the same terms and conditions (including exercisability terms) as were applicable to the corresponding former Queen’s Gambit Warrants.
In connection with the consummated Business Combination Agreement, certain investors (“PIPE Investors”) completed a private placement of 12,188,711 Common Shares A of the Parent Company for an aggregate purchase price of $111.5 million, of which $71.8 million were automatically exchanged to shares representing exchangeable notes issued by Swvl Inc. to certain PIPE investors prior to the consummated Merger.
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, the SPAC does not meet the definition of a business under the guidance of IFRS 3, hence the Transaction was accounted for as a recapitalization in accordance with IFRS 2. Under this method of accounting, Queen’s Gambit Growth Company is treated as the acquired company and Swvl Inc. is treated as the acquirer for financial statement reporting purposes. Swvl Inc. has been determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the facts and circumstances of the business combination.
The following table summarizes the proceeds raised and issuance costs incurred related to the Business Combination on 30 March 2022:
 
 
  
Number
of shares
 
  
USD
 
Public shares outstanding
     34,500,000        345,000,000  
Shares redeemed
     (29,175,999      (291,759,990
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Shared issued to SPAC
  
 
5,324,001
 
  
 
53,240,010
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash from reverse recapitalization
              53,240,010  
SPAC reverse recapitalization professional fees
              (20,923,449
             
 
 
 
Net proceeds from reverse recapitalization
           
 
32,316,561
 
             
 
 
 
 
1.1
Consolidated subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed, or has right to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those
 
F-
9

Table of Contents
returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.
In certain cases, the Group is required to have a resident as one of the shareholders besides the Parent Company to comply with local laws and regulations. However, in such cases, the Group continues to remain the economic beneficiary of the shareholding held by such resident shareholder and therefore is said to have a “beneficial ownership” of such
non-controlling
interests, except as indicated below.
 
Company name
  
Country of incorporation
  
Legal ownership %
 
Principal
business activities
  
30-Jun-22
 
31-Dec-21
Swvl Inc.
   British Virgin Islands    100%   —     Holding company
Pivotal Merger Sub Company I
   Cayman Islands    100%   —     Merger entity
Swvl Global FZE
   UAE    100%   100%   Headquarters and management activities
Swvl for Smart Transport Applications and Services LLC
   Egypt    99.80%   99.80%  
Providing a
technology platform to
enable passenger
transportation
Swvl Pakistan (Private) Ltd.
   Pakistan    99.99%   99.99%
Swvl NBO Limited
   Kenya    100%   100%
Swvl Technologies Ltd.
   Kenya    100%   100%
Swvl Technologies FZE
   UAE    100%   100%
Smart Way Transportation LLC (
i
)
   Jordan    —     —  
Swvl Saudi for Information Technology
   Kingdom of Saudi Arabia    100%   100%
Swvl My For Information Technology SDN BHD
   Malaysia    100%   100%
Shotl Transportation, S.L.
   Spain    55%   55%
Viapool Inc.
(ii)
   Delaware, USA    51%       Holding company
Movilidad Digital SAS
(ii)



   Argentina    51%   —     Providing a
technology platform to
enable passenger
transportation
Viapool SRL
(ii)
   Argentina    51%   —  
Viapool SPA
(ii)
   Chile    51%   —  
Swvl Brasil Tecnologia LTDA
(ii)
   Brazil    51%   —  
Swvl Germany GmbH (formerly “Blitz
B22-203
GmbH”)
(iii)
   Germany    100%   —     Holding company
Door2Door GmbH
(iii)
   Germany    100%   —     Providing a
technology platform to
enable passenger
transportation
Volt Lines B.V.
(iv)
   Netherlands    100%   —     Holding company
V
olt Lines Akilli Ulasim Teknolojileri ve Tasimacilik AS
(iv)

   Turkey    100%   —    Providing a
technology platform to
Volt Lines MENA limited (iv)

   UAE    100%   —    
enable passenger

transportation
 
(i)
The Parent Company’s subsidiary Smart Way Transportation LLC (Jordan) was incorporated during the year ended 31 December 2021. The subsidiary is currently legally owned by a member of the Group’s management and is in the process of a legal ownership transfer to the Group. The subsidiary has been consolidated at 30 June 2022 based on the beneficial ownership and effective control.
 
F-10

Table of Contents
(ii)
The Parent Company acquired 51% of the shares of Viapool Inc., a company based in Delaware, USA (Note 6) and holding each of Movilidad Digital SAS, Viapool SRL, Viapool SPA and Swvl Brasil Tecnologia LTDA. The Parent Company consolidates these entities based on de facto control.
(iii)
The Parent Company acquired 100% of the shares of Blitz
B22-203
GmbH, a company based in Germany (Note 6), and subsequently Blitz
B22-203
GmbH acquired 100% of the shares of Door2Door GmbH. The Parent Company consolidates these entities based on de facto control.
(iv)
The Parent Company acquired 100% of the shares of Volt Line BV, a company based in Netherlands (Note 6) and holding each of Volt Lines Akilli Ulasim Teknolojileri ve Tasimacilik AS and Volt Lines MENA limited. The Parent Company consolidates these entities based on de facto control.
 
1.2
Subsequent acquisition
On 11 July 2022, the Group signed a definitive sales and purchase agreement to acquire all the shares of Urbvan Mobility Ltd, a shared mobility platform offering technology-enabled transportation services across Mexico (Note 22.1).
 
2
Basis of preparation
These condensed interim consolidated financial statements are for the
six-month
periods ended                30 June 2022 and 2021 and are presented in United States Dollars (“USD” or “$”), which is the functional currency of the Parent Company. They have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 ‘Interim Financial Reporting’.
These condensed interim consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information required in annual consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021. However, selected explanatory notes are included to explain events and transactions that are significant to an understanding of the changes in the Group’s financial position and performance since the last annual financial statements.
 
2.1
Going concern
These condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that the Group will be able to discharge its liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The Group had net losses of $
 
161,619,569 for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022 ($80,687,401 for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2021), accumulated losses of
                $ 
375,804,634 as at 30 June 2022 ($216,066,255 as at 31 December 2021), negative working capital of $
 
22,366,922 as at 30 June 2022 ($110,370,480 as at 31 December 2021) and negative operating cash flows of $
 
76,830,327 for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022 ($20,197,682 for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2021).
Notwithstanding these results, management believes there are no events or conditions that give rise to doubt the ability of the Group to continue as a going concern for a period of twelve months after the preparation of the
 
condensed interim consolidated financial statements. The assessment includes knowledge of the Group’s subsequent financial position, the estimated economic outlook and identified risks and uncertainties in relation thereto.
The Group has funded its operations primarily with proceeds from the issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares. On 31 March 2022, the Group received gross proceeds of $53.3 million and $111.5 million from the reverse recapitalization transaction and sale of shares to certain PIPE investors, respectively. In addition, adopting the portfolio optimization plan will contribute to strengthening the Group’s financial position (Note 14).
Subsequent to
period-end,
the Group has received $20 million in cash pursuant to a private placement agreement (Note 22.4).
 
F-11

Consequently, it has been concluded that adequate resources and liquidity to meet the cash flow requirements for the next twelve months are present, and it is reasonable to apply the going concern basis as the underlying assumption for the condensed interim consolidated financial statements.
 
2.2
Covid-19
The onset of the
Covid-19
pandemic during the first quarter of 2020 and the lockdowns introduced by governments across the Group’s markets have had an impact on the Group’s business. After initial disruption, the overall business performance started showing signs of recovery from the third quarter of 2020. The economic uncertainty caused by the
Covid-19
pandemic and the extent to which the
Covid-19
pandemic will continue to impact the Group’s business, operations and financial results, including the duration and magnitude of such effects, will depend on numerous unpredictable factors.    
Management has considered the effects of
Covid-19
lockdowns along with other related events and conditions, and they have not hampered the Group’s ability to expand its scale of operations. While certain sectors were negatively impacted, the Group has raised investment during the
six-
month period ended 30 June 2022 from the definitive agreements it has entered into (Note 1). Management has determined that
Covid-19
does not create conditions that cast significant doubt upon the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. Accordingly, the condensed interim consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts, the amounts and classification of liabilities, or any other adjustments that might result in the event the Group is unable to continue as a going concern.
 
2.3
Amended standards adopted by the Group
A number of amended standards became applicable for the current reporting period. The Group did not have to change its accounting policies or make retrospective adjustments as a result of adopting these amended standards.
 
2.4
Accounting policies
The accounting policies used for the condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022 are consistent with those used in the annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021. The only exception is the accounting policy for the Group’s earnout liabilities
 
and derivatives warrant liabilities recognized during the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022, as described below:
Earnout liabilities
Earnout liabilities are initially recognized at fair value at their inception, and subsequently at fair value at each reporting date. Valuation of shares earnout liability is measured using an appropriate valuation model which considers various factors such as the current trading stock price, equity volatility and cost of equity. The change in fair value of the earnout liabilities is recognized in the statement of profit or loss.
Derivative warrant liabilities
Warrants assumed in the Transaction give the holder the right, but not the obligation to subscribe to the Company’s Ordinary Shares at a fixed or determinable price for a specified period of five years. These instruments were part of the net assets acquired in the Transaction and, therefore, have applied the provisions of debt and equity classification under IAS 32.
Therefore, the warrants are accounted for as a financial liability (derivative liability) recognized at fair value upon the closing of the Transaction, and subsequently remeasured at fair value through profit and loss.
 
F-12

2.5
Financial reporting in hyperinflationary economies
The Group’s subsidiaries located in Argentina and Turkey (Note 1.1) are operating in hyperinflationary economies. Accordingly, the results, cash flows and financial position of those subsidiaries have been expressed in terms of the measuring unit current, at the end of the reporting period.
The price index identification and movement are indicated as below:
 
 
  
Argentina
  
Turkey
Price index identity
  
Consumer
price index
(Basis points)
  
Consumer
price index
(Basis points)
Price index level at 1 Jan 2022
   605.0    763.2
Price index level at 30 June 2022
   798.3    977.9
Change in index
   193.3    214.7
The Group recognized an amount of $2,637,888 for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022 (Nil for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2021) as hyperinflation adjustment.
 
3
Critical accounting judgments and estimates
When preparing the condensed interim consolidated financial statements, management undertakes a number of judgements, estimates and assumptions about recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The actual results may differ from the judgements, estimates and assumptions made by management, and will seldom equal the estimated results. The judgements, estimates and assumptions applied in the condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022 and 2021, including the key sources of estimation uncertainty, were the same as those applied in the Group’s annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021, except for the accounting estimates described below:
 
3.1
Hyperinflationary economies
The Group exercises significant judgement in determining the onset of hyperinflation in countries in which it operates and whether the functional currency of its subsidiaries is currency of a hyperinflationary economy.

Various characteristics of the economic environments of Argentina and Turkey (Note 1.1) are considered. These characteristics include, but are not limited to, whether:
 
   
the general population prefers to keep its wealth in
non-monetary
assets or in a relatively stable foreign currency;
 
   
prices are quoted in a relatively stable foreign currency;
 
   
sales or purchase price stake expected losses of purchasing power during a short credit period into account;
 
   
interest rates, wages and prices are linked to a price index; and
 
   
the cumulative inflation rate over three years is approaching, or exceeding, 100%.
Management exercises judgement as to when a restatement of the financial statements of a Group entity becomes necessary. Following management’s assessment, the Group’s subsidiaries in Argentina and Turkey have been accounted for as entities operating in hyperinflationary economies.
The results, cash flows and financial positions of such subsidiaries have been expressed in terms of the current measuring units at the reporting date. The inflation adjusted financial information, is stated in terms of current
 
F-13

Argentinian Peso and Turkish Lira at the reporting date using the respective Consumer Price Index (CPI) for both countries as supplied by the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses of the Argentine Republic (INDEC) and the Turkish Statistical Institute, respectively. The general price indices used in adjusting the results, cash flows and the financial position of the subsidiaries is set out in Note 2.5.
 
3.2
Business combinations
The Group records tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. Acquisition consideration typically includes cash payments and equity issued as consideration. In acquisitions where no consideration is transferred, goodwill is measured based on the fair value of the acquiree. Amounts paid for each acquisition are allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition inclusive of identifiable intangible assets. The estimated fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities, including intangibles, are based on valuations that use information and assumptions available to management. The Group allocates any excess purchase price over the fair value of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed to goodwill.
Significant management judgments and assumptions are required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, particularly for acquired intangible assets, including estimated useful lives. The valuation of purchased intangible assets is based upon estimates of the future performance and discounted cash flows of the acquired business. Each asset acquired or liability assumed is measured at estimated fair value from the perspective of a market participant.
 
3.3
Capitalization of development costs
The Group capitalizes expenditures for the development of technology to the extent that it is expected to meet the criteria in accordance with IAS 38 Intangible Assets. The decision to capitalize is based on significant judgments made by management, including the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale and assumptions used to demonstrate that the asset will generate probable future economic benefits.
During the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022, development costs of $1.7 million (year ended 31 December 2021: Nil) were capitalized based on a model whereby a percentage is allocated to employee related expenses based on the time spent on the development of assets. All employee expenses included in this balance relate to employees in the product and engineering departments, and the percentage attributable varies dependent on the nature of the work performed and the type of asset being developed.
 
3.4
Impairment of intangible assets
The carrying values of our long-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. If any indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. Determining the recoverable amount is subjective and requires management to estimate future growth, profitability, discount and terminal growth rates, and project future cash flows, among other factors. Future events and changing market conditions may impact our assumptions as to prices, costs or other factors that may result in changes to our estimates of future cash flows.
If we conclude that a definite or indefinite long-lived intangible asset is impaired, we recognize a loss in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its fair value at the date of impairment. The fair value at the date of the impairment becomes the new cost basis and will result in a lower depreciation expense than for periods before the asset’s impairment.
 
F-14

3.5
Earnout liabilities
The Group uses accounting estimates in measuring the fair value of its earnouts liabilities. The Group used a Monte Carlo simulation based on the frequency that each tranche vests to value the dilutive impact of per share. The assumptions used in the valuation are disclosed in Note 21.
 
3.6
Derivative warrant liabilities
The Group’s derivative liabilities related to its public and private warrants are measured using appropriate valuation method. Public warrants derivative liabilities was measured using Binomial lattice model while Black-Scholes Options Pricing Model (“BSOPM”) was used to value the private warrants. The assumptions used in the valuation are disclosed in Note 21.
 
4
Property and equipment
The property and equipment net book value consists of the following:
 
 
  
(Unaudited)

At 30 June

2022
 
  
(Audited)

At
31 December
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Furniture, fittings and equipment
     903,996        483,547  
Leasehold improvements
     332,067        165,157  
Construction
work-in-progress
     511,354            
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Property and equipment, net
  
 
1,747,417
 
  
 
648,704
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total expense arising from depreciation on property and equipment recognized in the condensed interim consolidated statement of comprehensive income as part of general and administrative expense for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022 was $365,340 ($38,912 for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2021).
 
5
Intangible assets
 
 
  
(Unaudited)

At 30 June 2022

Net book value
 
  
(Audited)

At 31 December 2021

Net book value
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Trade name
     900,968        10,000  
Customer list (B2B relationships)
     4,297,384        50,000  
Developed technology
     5,272,646        928,406  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
10,470,998
 
  
 
988,406
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total expense arising from amortization of intangible assets recognized in the condensed interim consolidated statement of comprehensive income as part of general and administrative expense for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022 was $676,750 (Nil for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2021).
Amortization is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
 
    
Years
 
Trade name
     2  
Customer list (B2B relationships)
    
8-11
 
Developed technology
     5  
 
F-15

Table of Contents
6
Business combination and goodwill
 
(i)
Viapool
On 14 January 2022, the Group acquired a 51% controlling interest in Viapool Inc, (“Viapool”) a company incorporated under the laws of the U.S. State of Delaware, pursuant to the signed stock purchase agreement. Viapool is engaged in the development, implementation and commercialization of new mobility and transport systems, including different services and connecting travellers with buses and private cars in Argentina and Chile. This acquisition has been accounted for in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combinations.

The Group incurred insignificant acquisition-related costs, which are not included as part of the consideration transferred and have been recognized as an expense in the condensed interim consolidated statement of profit or loss, as part of professional expenses.
The purchase consideration and the provisional fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of Viapool at the date of acquisition are as follows:
 
         
 
  
Fair value
recognized
on acquisition
 
 
  
USD
 
Assets
  
     
Intangible assets
     5,530,000  
Right of use asset
     34,524  
Property and equipment
     45,170  
Trade and other receivables
     907,040  
Cash and cash equivalents
     332,005  
    
 
 
 
    
 
6,848,739
 
Liabilities
        
Interest-bearing loans
     16,697  
Trade and other payables
     1,004,118  
Lease liabilities
     44,554  
    
 
 
 
    
 
1,065,369
 
    
 
 
 
Total identifiable net assets at fair value
  
 
5,783,370
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-controlling
interest measured at fair value
     (2,833,851
Fair value of purchase consideration
     4,400,000  
    
 
 
 
Goodwill arising on acquisition
  
 
1,450,481
 
    
 
 
 
   
 
  
Cash flow
onacquisition
 
 
  
USD
 
Net cash acquired with the subsidiary
     (332,005
Cash consideration paid
     1,000,000  
    
 
 
 
Purchase consideration transferred
  
 
667,995
 
    
 
 
 
Purchase consideration is paid as follows:
 
-

$1 million in cash, paid by the Group at closing date of the acquisition;
 
-

$0.5 million in the Parent Company shares payable at closing date. The number of shares to be issued will be determined based on the share price at the date of payment;
 
-

$2.4 million in cash, payable ten business days counted as from of 31 March 2022; and
 
F-16

-

Maximum of $0.5 million in cash, payable subject to achieving certain revenue level as outlined in the stock purchase agreement (Note 21).
At 30 June 2022, the share payment mentioned above was still due for issuance.

Contribution of financial results to the Group
The acquired business contributed a loss of $3,133,340 for the period since the acquisition date to 30 June 2022.
 
(ii)
Volt Lines
On 25 May 2022, the Group acquired 100% of the shares of Volt Lines B.V. (“Volt Lines”), a company incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands, pursuant to the signed sale and purchase agreement. Volt Lines is engaged in the development, implementation and commercialization of new mobility and transport systems, including different services and connecting travellers with buses and private cars in Turkey. This acquisition has been accounted for in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combinations.
The Group incurred insignificant acquisition-related costs, which are not included as part of consideration transferred and have been recognized as an expense in the condensed interim consolidated statement of profit or loss, as part of professional expenses.
The purchase consideration and the provisional fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of Volt Lines at the date of acquisition are as follows:
 
         
 
  
Fair value
recognized
on
acquisition
 
 
  
USD
 
Assets
  
     
Intangible assets
     2,170,000  
Property and equipment
     178,561  
Right of use asset
     173,389  
Trade and other receivables
     570,966  
Cash and cash equivalents
     142,918  
    
 
 
 
    
 
3,235,834
 
    
 
 
 
Liabilities
        
Interest-bearing loans
     96,796  
Trade and other payables
     489,979  
Convertible loan
     241,506  
Lease liabilities
     188,010  
    
 
 
 
    
 
1,016,291
 
    
 
 
 
Total identifiable net assets at fair value
  
 
2,219,543
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of purchase consideration
     13,200,000  
    
 
 
 
Goodwill arising on acquisition
  
 
10,980,457
 
    
 
 
 
 
         
 
  
Cash flow
on acquisition
 
 
  
USD
 
Net cash acquired with the subsidiary
     (142,918
Cash consideration paid
         
    
 
 
 
Purchase consideration transferred
  
 
(142,918
)
 
    
 
 
 
 
F-
1
7

Table of Contents
Purchase consideration is paid as follows:
 
-

$5 million in cash, payable by the Group within 6 months of the closing date;
 
-

1,400,000 of the Parent Company shares (fair valued at $6.5 million at agreement closing date), payable at closing; and
 
-

Maximum of 1,800,000 of the Parent Company shares (fair valued at $1.7 million at agreement closing date), payable subject to achieving certain revenue milestones as outlined in the sale and purchase agreement (Note 21).
At 30 June 2022, the share payment mentioned above was still due for issuance.
Contribution of financial results to the Group
The acquired business contributed a loss of $408,230 excluding gain from hyperinflation adjustment of $2,676,834 for the period since the acquisition date to 30 June 2022.
 
(iii)
Door2Door
On 3 June 2022, the Group acquired 100% of the shares of Door2Door GMBH (“Door2Door”), a company incorporated under the laws of Germany, pursuant to the signed sale and purchase agreement. Door2Door is a high-growth mobility operations platform that partners with municipalities, public transit operators, corporations, and automotive companies to optimize shared mobility solutions across Europe. This acquisition has been accounted for in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combination.
The purchase consideration and the provisional fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of Door2Door at the date of acquisition are as follows:
 
         
 
  
Fair value
recognized
on acquisition
 
 
  
USD
 
Assets
  
     
Intangible assets
     1,160,000  
Property and equipment
     48,730  
Right of use asset
     599,087  
Trade and other receivables
     250,495  
Cash and cash equivalents
     136,626  
    
 
 
 
    
 
2,194,938
 
Liabilities
        
Interest-bearing loans
     1,320,773  
Trade and other payables
     1,640,583  
Lease liabilities
     677,866  
    
 
 
 
    
 
3,639,222
 
    
 
 
 
Total identifiable net deficit at fair value
  
 
(1,444,284
)
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of purchase consideration
     2,615,000  
    
 
 
 
Goodwill arising on acquisition
  
 
4,059,284
 
    
 
 
 
 
F-
1
8

Table of Contents
 
  
Cash flow
on

Acquisition
 
 
  
USD
 
Net cash acquired with the subsidiary
     (136,626
Cash consideration paid
     1,074,842  
    
 
 
 
Purchase consideration transferred
  
 
938,216
 
    
 
 
 
Purchase consideration is paid as follows:
 
-

$0.87 million in cash, paid by the Group at closing date; and
 
-

$1.54 million, to be paid in shares of the Parent Company, within 6 months from initial listing of the shares of the Parent Company on NASDAQ, but no later than 9 months from closing date. The number of shares to be issued will be determined based on the share price at the date of payment. In addition, the Group has paid $0.2 million as acquisition cost.
At 30 June 2022, the share payment mentioned above was still due for issuance.
Contribution of financial results to the Group
The acquired business’s contribution to the Group’s financial results since the acquisition date was insignificant.
The Group’s total goodwill is summarized as per the table below:
 
 
  
(Unaudited)

At 30 June
2022
 
  
(Audited) At
31 December
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Goodwill arising on acquisition of:
  
     
  
     
Viapool
     1,450,481            
Voltlines
     10,980,457            
Door2Door
     4,059,284            
Shotl
     4,270,505        4,418,226  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
20,760,727
 
  
 
4,418,226
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
7
Trade and other receivables
 
 
  
(Unaudited)
At 30 June
2022
 
  
(Audited) At
31 December
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Trade receivables
     11,519,038        4,223,645  
Customer wallet receivables
     1,742,649        1,329,364  
Accrued income
     4,372,354        3,038,259  
Less: provision for expected credit losses
     (4,598,163      (2,403,782
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
13,035,878
 
  
 
6,187,486
 
Tax receivables
     860,823            
Other receivables
     381,475        415,754  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
14,278,176
 
  
 
6,603,240
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Trade
 
receivables are
non-interest
bearing and are generally on terms of up to
60 days
. It is not the practice of the Group to obtain collateral over trade receivables and are therefore, unsecured.
 
F-19

Table of Contents
Provision for expected credit losses for receivables consists of the following:
 
 
  
(Unaudited)
At 30 June
2022
 
  
(Audited) At
31 December
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Provision for expected credit losses for trade receivables
     3,628,323        1,857,436  
Provision for expected credit losses for customer wallet receivables
     969,840        546,346  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
4,598,163
 
  
 
2,403,782
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
The movement in provision for expected credit losses are as follows:
 
 
  
(Unaudited)
At 30 June
2022
 
  
(Audited) At
31 December
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
At 1 January
     2,403,782        1,076,678  
Charge during the period/year
     2,194,381        1,327,104  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
At the end of the period/year
  
 
4,598,163
 
  
 
2,403,782
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
8
Cash and bank balances
For the purpose of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise the following:
 
 
  
(Unaudited)
At 30 June
2022
 
  
(Audited)
At 31 December
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Cash in hand
     21,452        3,410  
Cash at banks
     19,293,456        9,534,704  
Bank overdraft
     (10,528      (8,391
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
19,304,380
 
  
 
9,529,723
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
9
Share capital
On 31 March 2022, the Parent Company’s common stock and warrants began trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbols “SWVL” and “SWVLW,” respectively. The Parent Company is authorized to issue 555,000,000 shares, consisting of (a) 500,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share and (b) 55,000,000 preferred shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share.

Prior to the Transaction, Swvl Inc. had seven classes of authorized common stock, Swvl Inc.’s Common A shares, Common B shares, Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C shares, Class D shares and
Class D-1
shares. As a result of the Transaction, each outstanding share of Swvl Inc. capital stock was converted into the right to receive newly issued shares of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares at the respective Conversion Ratio, and the contingent right to receive certain Earnout Shares (Note 11), for each share of the Parent Company’s common shares.
 
F-20

Table of Contents
9.1
Share capital
 
 
  
(Unaudited)
At 30 June 2022
 
 
  
Number of shares
authorized
 
  
Number of shares
outstanding
 
Class A Ordinary Shares
     500,000,000        118,883,072  
Preferred Shares
     55,000,000            
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
555,000,000
 
  
 
118,883,072
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Each Class A Ordinary share has a par value of $0.0001.
The below table summarized the number of shares and share capital outstanding during the period:
 
 
  
(Unaudited)
At 30 June 2022
 
 
  
Number of shares
 
  
Share capital
 
Issuance of shares to Swvl Inc. shareholders
     84,455,247        8,446  
Iss
u
ance of shares to SPAC shareholders
     13,949,000        1,395  
Conversion of convertible notes
     16,125,455        1,612  
Issuance of shares to PIPE investors
     3,966,400        397  
Other shares issued during the period
     386,970        39  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
118,883,072
 
  
 
11,889
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
9.2
Share premium
The below table represents the components of share premium balance:
 
 
  
(Unaudited)

At 30 June 2022
Share Premium
 
Issuance of shares to Swvl Inc. shareholders
     88,873,188  
Issuance of shares to SPAC shareholders
     32,332,406  
Conversion of convertible notes
     145,952,505  
Issuance of share to PIPE investors
     39,663,603  
Recapitalization costs (Note 20)
     139,609,424  
Other shares issued during the period
     2,670,139  
    
 
 
 
       449,101,265  
    
 
 
 
Less:
        
Costs attributable to the issuance of shares in connection with the business combination
     (59,332,184
Cost of earnout shares
     (75,550,455
    
 
 
 
    
 
314,218,626
 
    
 
 
 
10
Employee share scheme reserve 
At 30 June 2022, the employee share scheme reserve balance was $ 37,186,616 (at 31 December 2021: $36,929,523).
Total charge arising from share-based payment transactions recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as part of employee benefit was $ 257,093 for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022 (expense of $22,298,052 for the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2021).
 
F-21

Table of Contents
On
 
14 April 2022, the board of directors of the Parent Company passed a unanimous resolution to change the maximum number of share options that the Company is authorized to grant to its employees as identified by the management. This extension remains at similar terms with the original options,
where 25% of the options vest annually from the issue date
and are
exercisable up to 10 years from the issue date
.
The movement in share options and average exercise are as follows:
 
 
  
(Unaudited)

For the
six-month
period ended
30 June 2021
 
 
(Audited)

For the year ended

31 December 2021
 
 
  
Average exercise
price per share

option
 
  
Number of
options
 
 
Average exercise
price per share

option
 
  
Number of
options
 
 
  
USD
 
  
 
 
 
USD
 
  
 
 
At 1 January
     1.230        8,514,500        2.303        4,466,470  
Issued during the year
     0.187        140,422        1.700        5,849,416  
Forfeited during the year
     1.056        (262,733      2.008        (1,801,386
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
At the end of the period/year
  
 
1.595
 
  
 
8,392,189
 
  
 
1.609
 
  
 
8,514,500
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Vested and exercisable
     1.305        4,556,278        1.230        3,575,348  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
11
Earnouts liabilities
During the time period between the Closing Date and the five-year anniversary of the Closing Date (the “Earnout Period”), eligible Swvl Shareholders may receive up to 15 million additional shares of the Parent Company’s Common Shares A (the “Earnout Shares”) in the aggregate in three equal tranches of 5 million shares if the volume-weighted average closing sale price of our Common Stock is greater than or equal to $12.50, $15.00 and $17.50 for any 20 trading days within any 30 consecutive trading day period (“Trigger Events”) (or an earlier Change of Control event).

The Effective Time, which will be subject to potential forfeiture, and which will be able to be settled in Holdings Common Shares A upon the occurrence of the applicable Earnout Triggering Events (or an earlier Change of Control event).
 
 
  
(Unaudited)
At 30 June
2022
 
  
At 31 December
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Opening balance
                   
Recognized pursuant to the reverse acquisition transaction
     75,550,455            
Change in fair value during the period/year
     (37,982,291          
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Ending balance
  
 
37,568,164
 
  
 
  
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
12
Derivative warrant liabilities
Private and Public Warrants
Prior to the Transaction, the SPAC issued 17,433,333 warrants each exercisable at $11.50 per one Class A Ordinary Share, of which 11,500,000 are Public Warrants listed on NASDAQ and 5,933,333 Private Warrants held by the sponsor. Upon closing of the Transaction, the Parent Company assumed the Public Warrants and Private Warrants. Each whole warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares at a price of $11.50 per share.
 
F-22

The
 
Public Warrants will expire
5
years after completion of the transaction. The Parent Company has the ability to redeem the outstanding Public Warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $
0.01
per warrant, provided that the last reported sales price of the Parent Company’s Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $
18.00
per share.
The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that the Private Warrants and the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Private Warrants, so long as they are held by the sponsor or its permitted transferees, (i) will not be redeemable by the Parent Company, (ii) may not be transferred, assigned or sold by the holders until 30 days after the completion of the Transaction, (iii) may be exercised by the holders on a cashless basis and (iv) will be entitled to registration rights. If the Private Warrants are held by holders other than the sponsor or its permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by the holders
on the same basis as the Public Warrants.
 
 
  
(Unaudited)
At 30 June
2022
 
  
At 31 December
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Opening balance
                   
Recognized pursuant to the reverse acquisition transaction
     35,487,284            
Change in fair value during the period/year
     (24,342,284          
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Ending balance
  
 
11,145,000
 
  
 
  
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 

 
13
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables
 
 
  
(Unaudited)
At 30 June
2022
 
  
(Audited)
At
31 December
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Financial items
                 
Accounts payables
     14,543,369        5,176,759  
Accrued expenses
     22,076,515        9,008,969  
Deferred purchase price
     18,283,552        3,618,902  
Captain payables
     2,001,949        1,249,948  
Advances from customers
     281,877        52,307  
Other payables
     2,945,913        560,857  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
60,133,175
 
  
 
19,667,742
 
Non-financial
items
                 
Advances from individual customers
(e-wallets)
     2,988,962        3,938,712  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total accounts payable, accruals and other payables
  
 
63,122,137
 
  
 
23,606,454
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
14
Portfolio optimization program
On 30 May 2022, the Group announced a portfolio optimization plan that puts more focus on profitability measures and cost efficiencies across the business. Adopting this plan resulted in a 32% headcount reduction.
During the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022, the Group has incurred a total of $6.54 million in severances and gratuity payments to its employees (Note 16), out of which, $0.2 million was payable at 30 June 2022.

F-23

15
Revenue
The Group derives its revenue principally from
end-users
who use the Group’s platform to access routes predetermined by the Group. Revenue for transport services represents the total amount of fees charged to the end user for these services, net of items as disclosed in the revenue reconciliation table below.
Disaggregated revenue information
 
    
(Unaudited) For the
six-month
 
    
period ended 30 June
 
    
2022
    
2021
 
    
USD
    
USD
 
Business to customers – B2C
     15,355,066        5,092,454  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Business to business – SaaS
     483,233            
Business to business – TaaS
     24,901,784        7,823,802  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
40,740,083
 
  
 
12,916,256
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 

 
Revenue by geographical location
 
    
(Unaudited) For the
six-month
 
    
period ended 30 June
 
    
2022
    
2021
 
    
USD
    
USD
 
Egypt
     19,085,808        9,752,605  
Pakistan
     9,716,638        2,407,326  
Kenya
     2,091,455        351,229  
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
     2,005,566        24,826  
Jordan
     1,651,022        85,745  
Argentina
     4,381,631            
Turkey
     743,030            
Others
     1,064,933        294,525  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
40,740,083
 
  
 
12,916,256
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
16
Staff costs
 
 
  
(Unaudited) For the
six-month

period ended 30 June
 
 
  
2022
 
  
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Salaries and other benefits
     17,907,575        7,457,427  
Severance payments (Note 14)
     6,541,000            
Share-based payments charges (Note 10)
     257,093        22,298,052  
(Reversal of)/Employee end of service benefits
     (116,959      193,400  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
24,588,709
 
  
 
29,948,879
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 

F-24

Staff costs are allocated as detailed below:
 
    
(Unaudited) For the
six-month
 
    
period ended 30 June
 
    
2022
    
2021
 
    
USD
    
USD
 
General and administrative expenses
     21,600,547        28,177,432  
Selling and marketing expenses
     2,988,162        1,771,447  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
24,588,709
 
  
 
29,948,879
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 


17
Taxes
 
17.1
Components of provision for income taxes
The below table summarizes the income tax benefits and corporate tax expenses incurred by the group:
 
 
  
(Unaudited) For the
six-month
period ended
30 June
 
 
  
2022
 
  
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Income tax benefit
     672,857        1,693,740  
Corporate tax expense
     (49,092      —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
623,765
 
  
 
1,693,740
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
17.2
Deferred tax asset
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes at the enacted rates. The significant components of the Group’s deferred tax assets as of the
six-month
period ended 30 June 2022 indicated below were as follows:

 
 
  
(Unaudited)
For the
six-month

period ended
30 June 2022
 
  
(Audited)
For the year
ended
31 December 2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Deferred tax asset movement:
                 
Opening balance
     14,631,743        9,913,707  
Deferred tax credits during the period/year
     672,857        4,718,036  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Closing balance
  
 
15,304,600
 
  
 
14,631,743
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 

F-25

18
Net loss per share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and dilutive net loss per share attributable to the Group’s ordinary shareholders:
 
 
  
(Unaudited)
For the
six-month

period ended
30 June 2022
 
  
(Unaudited)
(Re-stated)

For the
six-month

period ended
30 June 2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders
     (161,619,569      (80,687,401
Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic and Diluted
     106,253,308        85,288,745  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Net loss per ordinary share – Basic and Diluted
  
 
(1.52
  
 
(0.95
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for the effect of the Conversion Ratio as discussed in Note 1 and applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented.

 
As of 30 June 2022, 15 million Earnout Shares (Note 11) have been excluded from the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding, as they are contingently issuable subject to achieving certain milestones on the trading price and volume of our Class A ordinary shares on NASDAQ as discussed in Note 11.
As the Group was loss-making in all periods presented in these condensed interim consolidated financial statements, potentially dilutive instruments all have an anti-dilutive impact and therefore have been excluded in the calculation of diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding. These instruments include certain outstanding equity awards, warrants, share options and convertible loans and could potentially dilute earnings per share in the future.
 
19
Related party transactions and balances
Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Related parties include associates, parent, subsidiaries, and key management personnel or their close family members. The terms and conditions of these transactions have been mutually agreed between the Group and the related parties. To determine significance, the Group considers various qualitative and quantitative factors including whether transactions with related parties are conducted in the ordinary course of business.
Interest in subsidiaries
The details of interests in the subsidiaries with whom the Group had entered into transactions or had agreements or arrangements in place during the period are disclosed in Note 1 of the condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

F-26

Compensation of key management personnel
Key management personnel of the Group comprise the Parent Company’s directors and senior management of the Group.
 
    
(Unaudited) For the
six-month
 
    
period ended 30 June
 
    
2022
    
2021
 
    
USD
    
USD
 
Short-term employee benefits
     1,045,722        370,016  
Provision for end of service benefits
     12,315,458        65,679  
Share-based payments
     40,717        9,751,149  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
13,401,897
 
  
 
10,186,844
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
No. of key management
     7        7  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
  
Transactions with related parties
Details of transactions with related parties during the period, other than those which have been disclosed elsewhere in these condensed interim consolidated financial statements, are as follows:
 
 
  
(Unaudited) For
the
six-month

period ended
30 June
 
 
  
2022
 
  
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
(Repayment from)/advances to shareholders
     —          (10,044
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Short-term loans from related parties
 
 
  
(Unaudited)
At 30 June
2022
 
  
(Audited)
At
31 December
2021
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Sister company
                 
Routebox Technologies SL
     77,894        84,039  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Shareholders of Shotl Transportation SL
                 
Camina Lab SL
     299,653        323,338  
Marfina SL
     66,151        71,387  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       365,804        394,725  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
443,698
 
  
 
478,764
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
20
Recapitalization costs
The difference in the fair value of the shares issued by the Company, the accounting acquirer, and the fair value of the SPAC’s, accounting acquiree’s, identifiable net assets represents a service received by the accounting acquirer. This difference is considered as cost of listing (recapitalization), and recorded in the condensed interim consolidated statement of profit or loss.

F-27

During the period, the Group incurred certain expenses as a result of the SPAC transaction. The following table displays the calculation of the listing costs recognized during the period:

 
 
  
Number of
shares/
warrants
 
  
At Closing
Date
 
 
  
USD
 
  
USD
 
Net deficit from SPAC transferred to the Group
           
 
18,532,095
 
SPAC ordinary shares outstanding
     34,500,000        —    
SPAC ordinary shares redeemed
     (29,175,999      —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Remaining Class A Ordinary Shares
     5,324,001        —    
SPAC Class B Sponsor Shares
     8,625,000        —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total shares issued to SPAC
     13,949,001        —    
Diluted share price at Closing Date
     8.68        —    
Total value transferred to the SPAC
              121,077,329  
             
 
 
 
Recapitalization costs
           
 
139,609,424
 
             
 
 
 
 
21
Fair value of financial instruments
A fair value measurement of a
non-financial
asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurement are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
Level 1: quoted market price (unadjusted) in an active market for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date.
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability; either directly or indirectly.
Level 3: inputs that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
F-28

Table of Contents
The following table shows the levels within the hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at 30 June 2022 and 31 December 2021
 
30 June 2022
  
Level 1
    
Level 2
    
Level 3
    
Total
 
Financial assets
                                   
Current financial assets
                         5,000,000        5,000,000  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total financial assets
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
5,000,000
 
  
 
5,000,000
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Financial liabilities
                                   
Contingent consideration
                         2,196,000        2,196,000  
Earnout liabilities
                         37,568,164        37,568,164  
Derivative warrant liabilities
                         11,145,000        11,145,000  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total financial liabilities
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
50,909,164
 
  
 
50,909,164
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
         
31 December 2021
  
Level 1
    
Level 2
    
Level 3
    
Total
 
Financial assets
                                   
Current financial assets
                         10,000,880        10,000,880  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total financial assets
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
10,000,880
 
  
 
10,000,880
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Financial liabilities
                                   
Derivatives liability
                         44,330,400        44,330,400  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total financial liabilities
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
44,330,400
 
  
 
44,330,400
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
The Group’s measurement of earnout liabilities, derivative warrant liabilities and contingent consideration are classified in Level 3 using valuation technique inputs that are not based on observable market data.
Derivative warrant liabilities
The Public Warrants were valued using Binomial lattice model while the Private Warrants were valued using BSOPM, which are considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. The primary unobservable inputs utilized in determining the fair value of the derivatives warrant liabilities are the expected volatility of our ordinary shares and risk-free rate.
Earnout liabilities
Earnout liabilities were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation based on the frequency that each tranche vests to value the dilutive impact of per share. The primary unobservable inputs utilized in determining the fair value of the earnout liabilities are equity volatility, cost of equity, probability of vesting and risk-free rate.
Contingent consideration
The fair value of the contingent consideration, related to the acquisitions of Viapool and Volt Lines (Note 6) in 2022, is estimated using a present value technique which discounts the management’s estimate of the probability that agreements’ target level of activity will be achieved. The primary unobservable inputs utilized in determining the fair value of the contingent consideration are the discount rate and the discount for lack of marketability.


F-29

Table of Contents
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements, are presented below:
 
Description
  
Significant unobservable input
  
Estimate of the input
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
Earnout liabilities
   Equity Volatility      55
   Cost of equity      18
   Probability of vesting     
35.7-52
   Risk-free rate      3.38
         
 
 
 
Derivative warrant liabilities
   Volatility     
21.6-37.8
   Risk-free rate      2.99
         
 
 
 
Contingent consideration
   Discount rate      9.3
   Discount for lack of marketability     
60-70
         
 
 
 
The carrying amounts of the following financial assets and liabilities are considered a reasonable approximation of their fair value:
 
 
 
trade and other receivables
 
 
 
cash and bank balances
 
 
 
accounts payable, accruals and other payables (except for contingent consideration)
 
 
 
interest-bearing loans.
 
22
Subsequent events
 
22.1
Acquisition of a shared mobility platform, Urbvan Mobility Ltd.
On 11 July 2022, the Group closed a definitive sales and purchase agreement to acquire all the shares of Urbvan Mobility Ltd, a shared mobility platform offering tech-enabled transportation services across Mexico.
 
The agreed purchase price is detailed below:
 
On the
6-month
anniversary of the agreement closing date (“First Payment”), the Group shall make a share payment of 2,931,639 Class A Ordinary Shares, and cash payment equivalent to 30,740 Class A Ordinary Shares multiplied by the share market price on the First Payment date.
 
On the
10-month
anniversary of the agreement closing date (“Second Payment”), the Group shall make a share payment of 2,899,999 Class A Ordinary Shares, and cash payment equivalent to 30,407 Class A Ordinary Shares multiplied by the share market price on the Second Payment date.
 
On the
12-month
anniversary of the agreement closing date (“Third Payment”), the Group shall make a share payment of 2,899,999 Class A Ordinary Shares, and cash payment equivalent to 30,407 Class A Ordinary Shares multiplied by the share market price on the Third Payment date.
 
On the
16-month
anniversary of the agreement closing date (“Forth Payment”), the Group shall make a share payment of 1,399,998 Class A Ordinary Shares, and cash payment equivalent to 14,677 Class A Ordinary Shares multiplied by the share market price on the Forth Payment date.
 
On the
24-month
anniversary of the agreement closing date (“Fifth Payment”), the Group shall make a share payment of 1,399,998 Class A Ordinary Shares, and cash payment equivalent to 14,677 Class A Ordinary Shares multiplied by the share market price on the Fifth Payment date.
 
Maximum of 750,000 Class A Ordinary Shares, payable subject to achieving certain revenue level as outlined in the sales and purchase agreement.
 
22.2
Voluntary extension of Swvl shares
lock-up
period
On 10 July 2022, certain shareholders, directors and officers of the Parent Company, including certain of its
pre-Transaction
shareholders, key executives and Queen’s Gambit Holdings LLC (collectively, the
“Lock-Up


F-30

Table of Contents
Holders”), entered into voluntary
extensions to their respective lock-up agreements of shares. The extension period which originally varied from 6 to 12 months after the date of closing of the Transaction on 31 March 2022 is now extended to vary between 12 to 18 months.
Collectively, the
Lock-Up
Holders that agreed to enter into the
Lock-Up
Extensions own 100,414,134 Class A Ordinary Shares, which represents approximately 84% of the total number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding as of 10 July 2022.
 
22.3
Offer and sale purchase agreement with B. Riley Principal Capital LLC
On 8 July 2022, Swvl received
it’s Notice of Effectiveness from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on the purchase agreement entered with B. Riley Principal Capital LLC (“Riley”) on
6
 
April 2022
, which enables the Company, at its discretion, to elect to issue and sell to Riley up to
102,939,766
of Class A Ordinary Shares.
 
22.4
Private placement of Class A Ordinary Shares and Warrants
On 9 August 2022, the Group entered a private placement agreement (“Securities Purchase Agreement”) to sell Class A Ordinary Shares and Warrants to an investor for a total subscription amount of $20 million which are paid in full at the date of execution.
 

Under the Securities
Purchase Agreement, the Group agreed to sell, and the investor agreed to purchase, 12,121,214 Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, and accordingly the Group issued the relevant shares to the investor. In addition, the investor receives 12,121,214 series A warrant exercisable within 5 years and 6,060,607 series B warrant exercisable within 2 years.
 
22.5
Termination of Agreement to Acquire Zeelo LTD.
On July 29, 2022, the Group and Zeelo LTD. agreed to terminate their previously announced transaction whereby the Group would acquire Zeelo.
The acquisition transaction was announced on April 28, 2022 and expected to close on                May 24, 2022. All
pre-completion
obligations were met, but following financial market volatility, the Group and Zeelo mutually agreed to terminate the planned transaction.
During the period, the Group has impaired a convertible notes balance from Zeelo LTD of $10 million.
 
F-
31

Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Swvl Holdings Corp.
Opinion on the consolidated financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial position of Swvl Holdings Corp (the “Parent Company”) and its subsidiaries (together the “Group”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss), consolidated statement of changes in equity and the consolidated statement of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, including the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by International Accounting Standards Board.
Basis for opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Group’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Group in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Group is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Grant Thornton Audit and Accounting Limited (Dubai Branch)
We have served as the Group’s auditor since 2020
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
August 2
9
, 2022
 
F-32

Table of Contents
Swvl Holdings Corp and its subsidiaries
Consolidated statement of financial position
As at December 31
(in US Dollar)
 
    
Note
    
2021

(recast)
   
2020

(recast)
 
ASSETS
       
Non-current
assets
       
Property and equipment
     5        648,704       509,789  
Intangible assets
     6        988,406       —    
Goodwill
     7        4,418,226       —    
Lease
right-of-use
assets
     19.1        4,059,896       863,645  
Deferred tax assets
     28.2        14,631,743       9,913,707  
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
     
 
24,746,975
 
 
 
11,287,141
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
Current assets
       
Current financial assets
     8        10,000,880       —    
Deferred transaction cost
     34.3        7,355,404       —    
Trade and other receivables
     9        6,603,240       2,860,116  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
     10        1,102,989       224,670  
Advances to shareholders
     30        —         36,091  
Cash and cash equivalents
     11        9,529,723       10,348,732  
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
     
 
34,592,236
 
 
 
13,469,609
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
     
 
59,339,211
 
 
 
24,756,750
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
       
EQUITY
       
Share capital
     12        8,529       8,529  
     12        88,873,188       88,873,188  
Employee share scheme reserve
     13        36,929,523       3,318,292  
Foreign currency translation reserve
     14        450,863       860,374  
Accumulated deficit
        (216,066,255     (74,650,123
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
(Deficit)/equity attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company
     
 
(89,804,152
 
 
18,410,260
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
Non-controlling
interests
        66,378       —    
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
(Deficit)/Total equity
     
 
(89,737,774
 
 
18,410,260
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
LIABILITIES
       
Non-current
liabilities
       
Provision for employees’ end of service benefits
        815,407       164,511  
Interest-bearing loans
     17        337,545       —    
Lease liabilities
     19.2        2,961,317       625,864  
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
     
 
4,114,269
 
 
 
790,375
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
Current liabilities
       
Derivatives liabilities
     15        44,330,400       —    
Convertible notes
     16        74,606,482       —    
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables
     18        23,606,454       3,938,603  
Current tax liabilities
        678,972       1,314,793  
Loans from a related party
     30        478,764       —    
Interest-bearing loans
     17        60,440       —    
Lease liabilities
     19.2        1,201,204       302,719  
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
     
 
144,962,716
 
 
 
5,556,115
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
     
 
149,076,985
 
 
 
6,346,490
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total equity and liabilities
     
 
59,339,211
 
 
 
24,756,750
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
F-33

Table of Contents
Swvl Holdings Corp and its subsidiaries
Consolidated statement of comprehensive loss
for the year ended 31 December
(in US Dollar)
 
                                 
    
Note
    
2021

(recast)
   
2020

(recast)
   
2019

(recast)
 
Revenue
     20        38,345,253       17,312,286       12,351,546  
Cost of sales
     21        (48,923,203     (26,413,704     (33,783,534
             
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Gross loss
           
 
(10,577,950
 
 
(9,101,418
 
 
(21,431,988
General and administrative expenses
     22        (74,718,946     (18,583,735     (10,757,537
Selling and marketing costs
     23        (13,715,238     (4,727,415     (8,347,644
Provision for expected credit losses
     9        (1,327,104     (728,856     (325,708
Other expenses, net
     25        (177,067     (245,428     (61,300
             
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Operating loss
           
 
(100,516,305
 
 
(33,386,852
 
 
(40,924,177
Finance income
     26        182,176       589,750       356,861  
Finance cost
     27        (45,873,304     (83,804     (70,637
             
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Loss before tax
           
 
(146,207,433
 
 
(32,880,906
 
 
(40,637,953
Income tax benefit
     28.1        4,718,036       3,155,704       5,378,552  
             
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Loss for the year
           
 
(141,489,397
 
 
(29,725,202
 
 
(35,259,401
             
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Attributable to:
                                 
Equity holders of the Parent Company
              (141,416,132     (29,725,202     (35,259,401
Non-controlling
interests
              (73,265     —         —    
             
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
             
 
(141,489,397
 
 
(29,725,202
    —    
             
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Loss per share attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company
                                 
Basic
  
 
29
 
  
 
(1.66
 
 
(0.36
 
 
(0.54
Diluted
  
 
29
 
  
 
(1.66
 
 
(0.36
 
 
(0.54
Other comprehensive income
                                 
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
                                 
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations
     14        (409,511     (308,434     1,154,625  
             
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total comprehensive loss for the year
           
 
(141,898,908
 
 
(30,033,636
 
 
(34,104,776
             
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
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Swvl Holdings Corp and its subsidiaries
Consolidated statement of changes in equity
(in US Dollar)
 
   
Note
   
Share
capital

(recast)
   
Share
premium

(recast)
   
Employee
share scheme
reserve
   
Foreign
currency
translation
reserve
   
Accumulated
deficit
   
Equity/
(net deficit)
attributable
to equity
holders of
the Parent
Company
   
Non-
controlling
interests
   
Total equity/
(net deficit)
 
As at January 1, 2019
   
 
5,079
 
 
 
15,946,679
 
 
 
55,953
 
 
 
14,183
 
 
 
(9,665,520
 
 
6,356,374
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
6,356,374
 
Loss for the year
      —         —         —         —         (35,259,401     (35,259,401     —      
 
(35,259,401
Other comprehensive loss for the year
      —         —         —         1,154,625       —         1,154,625       —      
 
1,154,625
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total comprehensive loss for the year
      —         —         —         1,154,625       (35,259,401     (34,104,776     —      
 
(34,104,776
Issuance of shares
      2,750       47,049,637             47,052,387      
 
47,052,387
 
Cancelation of shares
      (352     (499,648           (500,000    
 
(500,000
Employee share scheme reserve
      —         —         433,344           433,344       —      
 
433,344
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
As at December 31, 2019
   
 
7,477
 
 
 
62,496,668
 
 
 
489,297
 
 
 
1,168,808
 
 
 
(44,924,921
 
 
19,237,329
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
19,237,329
 
Loss for the year
      —         —         —         —         (29,725,202     (29,725,202     —      
 
(29,725,202
Other comprehensive loss for the year
      —         —         —         (308,434     —         (308,434     —      
 
(308,434
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total comprehensive loss for the year
      —         —         —         (308,434     (29,725,202     (30,033,636     —      
 
(30,033,636
Issuance of shares
    12       1,052       26,376,520       —         —         —         26,377,572       —      
 
26,377,572
 
Employee share scheme reserve
    13       —         —         2,828,995       —         —         2,828,995       —      
 
2,828,995
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
As at December 31, 2020
   
 
8,529
 
 
 
88,873,188
 
 
 
3,318,292
 
 
 
860,374
 
 
 
(74,650,123
 
 
18,410,260
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
18,410,260
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Loss for the year
      —         —         —         —         (141,416,132     (141,416,132     (73,265  
 
(141,489,397
Other comprehensive loss for the year
      —         —         —         (409,511     —         (409,511     —      
 
(409,511
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total comprehensive loss for the year
      —         —         —         (409,511     (141,416,132     (141,825,643     (73,265  
 
(141,898,908
Acquisition of a subsidiary
      —         —         —         —         —         —         139,643    
 
139,643
 
Employee share scheme reserve
    13       —         —         33,611,231       —         —         33,611,231       —      
 
33,611,231
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
As at December 31, 2021
   
 
8,529
 
 
 
88,873,188
 
 
 
36,929,523
 
 
 
450,863
 
 
 
(216,066,255
 
 
(89,804,152
 
 
66,378
 
 
 
(89,737,774
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
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Swvl Holdings Corp and its subsidiaries
Consolidated statement of cash flows
for the year ended 31 December
(in US Dollar)
 
    
Note
    
2021
   
2020
   
2019
 
Loss for the year before tax
        (146,207,433     (32,880,906     (40,637,953
Adjustments to reconcile profit before tax to net cash flows:
         
Depreciation of property and equipment
     5        182,402       123,603       20,276  
Depreciation of
right-of-use
assets
     19.1        541,218       363,809       232,791  
Amortization of intangible assets
     6        15,963       —         —    
Provision for expected credit losses
     9        1,327,104       728,856       325,708  
Provision for employees’ end of service benefits
        656,403       164,511       —    
Finance cost
     27        45,873,304       —         —    
Employee share-based payments charges
     13        33,611,231       2,828,995       433,344  
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
     
 
(63,999,808
 
 
(28,671,132
 
 
(39,625,834
Changes in working capital:
         
Trade and other receivables
        (4,825,451     (1,791,335     (837,746
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
        (868,620     (60,758     (163,912
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables
        8,164,376       (257,751     186,070  
Current tax liabilities
        (635,821     271,219       454,702  
Advances to shareholders
        36,091       (36,091     —    
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
     
 
(62,129,233
 
 
(30,545,848
 
 
(39,986,720
Payment of employees’ end of service benefits
        (5,507     —         —    
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net cash flows used in operating activities
     
 
(62,134,740
 
 
(30,545,848
 
 
(39,986,720
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Cash flows from an investing activity
         
Purchase of property and equipment
     5        (319,471     (212,985     (388,632
Purchase of financial assets
        (10,000,880     —         —    
Payment for acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired
     7        (823,446     —         —    
Payment of software development costs
     6        (2,222     —         —    
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net cash flows used in investing activities
     
 
(11,146,019
 
 
(212,985
 
 
(388,632
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities
         
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stocks
     12        —         26,377,572       47,052,387  
Cancellation of Shares
        —         —         (500,000
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes
        73,206,415       —         —    
Finance cost paid
        (2,653     —         —    
Finance lease liabilities paid, net of accretion
        (482,389     (335,694     (195,968
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net cash flows from financing activities
     
 
72,721,373
 
 
 
26,041,878
 
 
 
46,356,419
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
        (559,386     (4,716,955     5,981,067  
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
        10,348,732       15,332,928       8,516,854  
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
        (259,623     (267,241     835,007  
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
     11     
 
9,529,723
 
 
 
10,348,732
 
 
 
15,332,928
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
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Swvl Holdings Corp and its subsidiaries
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020
1. Establishment and operations
Swvl Inc. is a business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands and registered on 17 May 2017. The registered office of the Company is at P.O. Box 173, Kingston Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, the British Virgin Islands.
Swvl Holdings Corp (the “Parent Company”) (formerly known as “Pivotal Holdings Corp”) is a business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands and was registered on 23 July 2021. The registered office of the Company is at P.O. Box 173, Kingston Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, the British Virgin Islands.
Pursuant to the completion of the business combination on 31 March 2022, the Company has recasted certain financial information presented to reflect certain changes in the equity structure (Note 34.4) and the effect of the Conversion Ratio (Note 34.4) that are being applied retrospectively. Specifically, the Company has recast its financial numbers to reflect the change in number of shares authorized, issued and outstanding post conversion in line with the Conversion Ratio in the Equity disclosure (Note 12), allocation between share capital and share premium, and its related impact on the Loss Per Share (Note 29) calculation and Employee Share Scheme Reserve disclosure (Note 13).
The consolidated financial statements as at 31 December 2021 consist of the Parent Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group”). The Group’s principal head office is located in The Offices 4, One Central, Dubai World Trade Centre, Street 1, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
The Group operates multimodal transportation networks in Egypt, Pakistan, Kenya, UAE, Jordan, Saudi, Malaysia and Spain, and that offer access to transportation options through the Group’s platform and mobile-based application. The Group also licenses its technology to transport operators to manage their service. The Group operates a technology platform that uses a widespread transportation network. The Group uses leading technology, operational excellence and product expertise to operate transportation services on predetermined routes. The Group develops and operates proprietary technology applications supporting a variety of offerings on its platform (“platform(s)” or “Platform(s)”). The Group provides transportation services through contracting with other service providers (or transportation operators). Riders are collectively referred to as
“end-user(s)”
or “consumer(s)”. The drivers are referred to as “captain(s)”.
Reverse recapitalization
On 28 July 2021, the Parent Company and Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital, a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability (“SPAC”) listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“NASDAQ”), and certain other parties have entered into a definitive agreement for a business combination that would result in the Group becoming a publicly listed company upon completion of the aforementioned transaction.
On 31 March 2022, the Parent Company, formerly known as Pivotal Holdings Corp, a business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, consummated the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”), dated as of 28 July 2021, as amended, by and among the Parent Company, Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital, Swvl Inc. and other merger companies, pursuant to which Swvl became a wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings.
In connection with the consummated Business Combination Agreement, certain investors (“PIPE Investors”) purchased an aggregate of 12,188,711 the Parent Company’s Common Shares A for an aggregate purchase price of $111.5 million, of which $71.8 million were automatically exchanged to shares representing the Swvl exchangeable notes issued by Swvl Inc. to certain PIPE investors prior to the consummated Merger
(“Pre-funded
PIPE subscription). During the year, certain PIPE investors have
pre-funded
to the Group of $45.5 million (Note 16) of the aggregate PIPE subscription.
 
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Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, the Business Combination will be accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with IFRS. Under this method of accounting, Queen’s Gambit Growth Company will be treated as the acquired company and Swvl Inc. will be treated as the acquirer for financial statement reporting purposes. Swvl Inc. has been determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the facts and circumstances of business combination.
1.1 Consolidated subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed, or has right to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.
In certain cases, the Group is required to have a resident as one of the shareholders besides the Parent Company to comply with local laws and regulations. However, in such cases, the Group continues to remain the economic beneficiary of the shareholding held by such resident shareholder and therefore is said to have a “beneficial ownership” of such
non-controlling
interests, except as indicated below.
 
Company name
  
Country of

incorporation
  
Legal ownership
percentage as of
   
Principal
business activities
  
December 31, 2021
 
Swvl for Smart Transport Applications and Services LLC
   Egypt      99.80   Providing a technology platform to enable passenger transportation
Swvl Pakistan (Private) Ltd.
   Pakistan      99.99
Swvl NBO Limited
   Kenya      100
Swvl Technologies Ltd.
   Kenya      100
Swvl Technologies FZE
(i)
   UAE      100
Swvl Global FZE
(i)
   UAE      100   Headquarters and management Activities
Smart Way Transportation LLC 
(ii)
   Jordan      —      
Providing a technology platform to enable passenger transportation
Swvl Saudi for Information Technology 
(iii)
  
Kingdom
of Saudi
Arabia
  
 
100
Swvl My For Information Technology SDN BHD
(iv)
   Malaysia      100
Shotl Transportation, S.L.
(v)
   Spain      55
 
(i)
The Parent Company’s subsidiaries Swvl Global FZE and Swvl Technologies FZE were previously legally owned by one of the Group’s shareholders during the year ended 31 December 2020, and the legal ownership of both subsidiaries have been transferred to the Parent Company during the year ended 31 December 2021.
(ii)
The Parent Company’s subsidiary Smart Way Transportation LLC (Jordan) was incorporated during the year ended 31 December 2021. The subsidiary is currently legally owned by member of the Group’s management and is in process of legal ownership transfer to the Group. The subsidiary has been consolidated at 31 December 2021 based on the beneficial ownership and effective control.
(iii)
The Parent Company’s subsidiary Swvl Saudi for Information Technology (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) was incorporated during the year ended 31 December 2021. The subsidiary is 100% owned by the Parent Company.
(iv)
The Parent Company’s subsidiary Swvl My For Information Technology SDN BHD (Malaysia) was incorporated during the year ended 31 December 2021. The subsidiary is 100% owned by the Parent Company.
(v)
The Parent Company acquired 55% of the shares of Shotl Transportation, S.L., a company based in Spain (Note 7). The Parent Company consolidates this entity based on de facto control.
 
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1.2 Subsequent acquisition
Subsequent to the year ended 31 December 2021, the Group acquired a controlling interest of 51% in Viapool Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, engaged in the development, implementation and commercialization of new mobility and transport systems, including different services and connecting travellers with buses and private cars in Argentina (Note 34).
2. Summary of significant accounting policies
The principal accounting policies applied by the Group in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
2.1 Basis of preparation
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). They have been prepared under the historical cost convention except for financial assets and share-based payments which are measured at fair value. Income and expenses have been accounted for using the accrual basis. The consolidated financial statements have been presented in US Dollars (“USD”, “$”) which is the reporting currency of the Group.
The Group has prepared the consolidated financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of complexity, or areas where judgements, assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 4.
2.2 Going concern
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that the Group will be able to discharge its liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The Group had net losses of $141.5 million for the year ended 31 December 2021 ($29.7 million for the year ended 31 December 2020), accumulated losses of $216.1 million as at 31 December 2021 ($74.7 million as at 31 December 2020), and negative operating cash flows of $62.1 million for the year ended 31 December 2021 ($30.5 million for the year ended 31 December 2020).
Notwithstanding these results, Management believes there are no events or conditions that give rise to doubt the ability of the Group to continue as a going concern for a period of twelve months after the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The assessment includes knowledge of the Group’s subsequent financial position, the estimated economic outlook and identified risks and uncertainties in relation thereto.
The Company has funded its operations primarily with proceeds from the issuance of Common A, B Shares and Class A through
D-1
preferred shares for $88.8 million, issuance of convertible notes for $27.7 million and issuance of Swvl exchangeable notes for $66.5 million. In March 31, 2022, the Company received cash proceeds of $52.3 million and $39.6 million from the reverse recapitalization transaction and sale of shares to certain PIPE investors, respectively.
Furthermore, the review of the strategic plan and budget, including expected developments in liquidity and capital from definitive agreements entered into (Notes 34), were considered. Consequently, it has been concluded that adequate resources and liquidity to meet the cash flow requirements for the next twelve months are present, and it is reasonable to apply the going concern basis as the underlying assumption for the consolidated financial statements.
2.3
Covid-19
The onset of the
Covid-19
pandemic during the first quarter of 2020 and the lockdowns introduced by governments across the Group’s markets have had an impact on the Group’s business. After initial disruption, the
 
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overall business performance started showing signs of recovery from the third quarter of 2020. The economic uncertainty caused by the
Covid-19
pandemic and the extent to which the
Covid-19
pandemic will continue to impact the Group’s business, operations and financial results, including the duration and magnitude of such effects, will depend on numerous unpredictable factors.
Management has considered the effects of
Covid-19
lockdowns along with other related events and conditions, and they have not hampered the Group’s ability to expand its scale of operations. While certain sectors were negatively impacted, the Group has raised investment subsequent to the year end from the definitive agreements it has entered into (Note 34). Management have determined that
Covid-19
does not create conditions that cast significant doubt upon the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts, the amounts and classification of liabilities, or any other adjustments that might result in the event the Group is unable to continue as a going concern.
2.4 Initial application of a standard, amendment or an interpretation to existing standards
 
(i)
New standards, amendments to published approved accounting and reporting standards and interpretations which are effective during the year
The Group applied for the first time, certain standards and amendments, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021:
 
   
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2: Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16. The impact of adopting this standard is not significant, since the Group is not exposed to interbank offered rate (IBOR) in any of its financial instruments.
 
   
Covid-19-Related
Rent Concessions beyond 30 June 2021: Amendments to IFRS 16. This standard amendment has no impact on the Group’s financial statements, since the Group does not act as a lessor in any of its rent agreements.
 
(ii)
Standards, amendments to published standards and interpretations that are not yet effective and have not been early adopted by the Group
Certain new accounting standards and interpretations as detailed below, have been published but are not yet effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021 and have not been early adopted by the Group. The Group intends to adopt the below standards, if applicable, when they become effective.
 
   
IFRS 17 ‘Insurance Contracts’ – effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023
 
   
Amendments to IAS 1 ‘Presentation of financial statements’ – on classification of liabilities – effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024
 
   
Amendments to IFRS 3 ‘Business combinations’, Reference to the Conceptual Framework – effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022
 
   
Amendments to IAS 16 ‘Property, plant and equipment’, Proceeds before Intended Use – effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022
 
   
Amendments to IAS 37 ‘Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets’, Onerous Contracts, Costs of Fulfilling a Contract – effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022
 
   
Improvements to IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’, Fees in the test for derecognition of financial liabilities – effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022
 
   
Amendments to IAS 8 ‘Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors’, Definition of Accounting Estimates – effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023
 
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2.5 Basis of consolidation
(i) Subsidiaries
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Parent Company and its subsidiaries. A subsidiary is an entity over which the Group has control. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed or has rights to variable returns from its involvement in the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its powers over the entity.
Specifically, the Group controls an entity if and only if the Group has:
 
   
power, over the entity (i.e. existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the entity);
 
   
exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the entity; and
 
   
the ability to use its powers over the entity to affect its returns.
Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases. Financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting year as the Group.
(ii) Transactions eliminated on consolidation
Inter-company transactions, balances, income and expenses on transactions between Group companies are eliminated. Profits and losses resulting from inter-company transactions that are recognised in assets are also eliminated. Consolidated financial statements are prepared using uniform accounting policies for like transactions and other events in similar circumstances.
2.6 Foreign currencies
(i) Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the functional currency’). The functional currencies of the entities in Egypt, Kenya, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Malaysia, and Spain are the Egyptian Pound, Kenyan Shilling, Pakistani Rupee, United Arab Emirates Dirham, Saudi Riyal, Jordanian Dinar, Malaysian Ringgit and Euro respectively.
Subsidiaries determine their own functional currency and items included in the financial statements of these companies are measured using that functional currency. These consolidated financial statements are presented in USD which is the Group’s presentation currency. All financial information presented in USD has been rounded to the nearest dollar, except when otherwise indicated.
(ii) Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currency of Group entities at the spot exchange rates at the date of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are translated into the functional currency at the spot exchange rate at that date.
Non-monetary
assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the spot exchange rate at the date on which the fair value is determined.
Non-monetary
items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the spot exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency differences arising on translation are generally recognised in the
 
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consolidated statement of comprehensive income, except for investment securities designated at fair value through other comprehensive income, where the exchange translation is recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
(iii) Foreign operations
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated to USD at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to USD at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions or an appropriate average rate. Equity elements are translated at the date of the transaction and not retranslated in subsequent periods.
Foreign currency differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and presented in the foreign currency translation reserve (‘foreign exchange reserve’) in equity.
2.7 Deferred transaction cost
The Group incurs various incremental qualifying transaction costs in anticipation of, issuance or acquiring its own equity instruments. Those costs include registration and other regulatory fees, underwriting costs and brokerage fees, amounts paid to lawyers, accountants, investments bankers and other professional advisors, fees and commissions paid to agents, brokers and dealers, printing costs and stamp duties.
The transaction costs of an equity transaction are accounted for as a deduction from equity, net of any related income tax benefit, to the extent they are incremental costs directly attributable to the equity transaction that otherwise would have been avoided. The costs of an equity transaction that is abandoned are recognised as an expense.
2.8 Property and equipment
Recognition and measurement
Items of property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Capital work in progress is stated at cost and subsequently transferred to assets when it is available for use. Cost of an item of property and equipment comprises its acquisition cost including borrowing costs and all directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to working conditions for its intended use. Such costs include the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment when that cost is incurred, if the recognition criteria are met. Repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (within profit and loss) as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of assets as follows:
 
    
Years
 
Furniture, fittings and equipment
     3 – 5  
Leasehold improvements
     5  
The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed and adjusted, if appropriate, at each financial year end to determine whether there is an indication of impairment. If any such indicator exists, an impairment loss is recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (within profit and loss). For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash generating units).
An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount, as detailed in the impairment section of this note below.
An item of property and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the
 
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difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (within profit and loss) in the year the asset is derecognised.
Subsequent costs
The cost of replacing part of an item of property or equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Group and its cost can be measured reliably. The costs of the
day-to-day
servicing of property and equipment are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as incurred. Subsequently, any gains or losses on disposal of assets are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
Impairment
The carrying values of property and equipment are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable. If such indications exist and where the carrying values exceed the estimated recoverable amounts, the assets are written down to the recoverable amounts.
Reversal of impairment is affected in the case of indications of a change in recoverable amount and is recognised in comprehensive income, however, is restricted to the net book value of the asset had there been no impairment.
2.9 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash held in current and savings accounts, deposits held at call with financial institutions, and other short-term and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
2.10 Intangible assets
Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill comprise of developed technology, customer relationships and trade names. At initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognized at their fair value as of the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses.
The Group invests a substantial cost in development of its software and enhancement of its product platforms. Expenditure on research activities is recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as incurred. The costs associated with the development of new or substantially improved products or modules are capitalized when the following criteria are met:
 
   
Technical feasibility to complete the development;
 
   
Management intent and ability to complete the product and use or sell it;
 
   
The likelihood of success is probable;
 
   
Availability of technical and financial resources to complete the development phase;
 
   
Costs can be reliably measured; and
 
   
Probable future economic benefits can be demonstrated.
The technical feasibility of the Group’s internally developed software or modules is not proven until significant development risks are resolved by testing working models and
pre-launch
versions. The software or modules, by then, are ready to be deployed in a live environment. Therefore, software development costs meeting the
 
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capitalization criteria are insignificant and have been charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as incurred. However, the Group continues to assess these costs for capitalization eligibility on an ongoing basis at a project level.
Intangible assets with finite lives are typically amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, typically 3 to 5 years for the developed technology, customer relationships and trade names, and are assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset are reviewed at least annually. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are accounted for by changing the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization of intangible assets is recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income in the expense category consistent with the function of the intangible assets.
2.11 Business combination and goodwill
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred, which is measured at acquisition date fair value, and the amount of any
non-controlling
interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the
non-controlling
interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in administrative expenses.
The Group determines that it has acquired a business when the acquired set of activities and assets include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. The acquired process is considered substantive if it is critical to the ability to continue producing outputs, and the inputs acquired include an organised workforce with the necessary skills, knowledge, or experience to perform that process or it significantly contributes to the ability to continue producing outputs and is considered unique or scarce or cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort, or delay in the ability to continue producing outputs.
When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. This includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the acquiree.
Goodwill is initially measured at cost (being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for
non-controlling
interests and any previous interest held over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed). If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Group
re-assesses
whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognised at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in profit or loss.
After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.
Where goodwill has been allocated to a cash-generating unit (CGU) and part of the operation within that unit is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the disposed operation is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on disposal. Goodwill disposed in these circumstances is measured based on the relative values of the disposed operation and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained.
 
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2.12 Share capital
Common shares
Common shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of Common shares are recognised as a deduction from equity.
Preferred shares
Preferred shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares are recognised as a deduction from equity. Preferred shares have similar rights to ordinary shares, in addition to rights of conversion into ordinary shares at a certain conversion ratio at any time, liquidation preferences, and the right to participate in
non-liquidation
asset distribution events.
2.13 Employees’ end of service benefits
The Group provides end of service benefits to its employees in the United Arab Emirates as required by the UAE Labour Law. The entitlement to these benefits is based upon the employees’ final salary and length of service, subject to the completion of a minimum service period. The expected costs of these benefits are accrued over the period of employment. Management considers these as long-term obligations and, accordingly, this obligation has been classified as a
non-current
liability.
At each reporting date, Management assesses the impact of accounting for the provision at present value under IAS 19 ‘Employee benefits’ while considering forward-looking factors such as the employees’ expected salary increases and expected length of future service. Management has determined that the difference between accounting for the provision for employees’ end of service benefits in accordance with UAE Labour Law compared to IAS 19 to be immaterial to the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
2.14 Defined contribution plans
In Kenya, the Group has a defined contribution plan as required by relevant local laws. The Group contributes to Kenya’s National Social Security Fund. This is a defined contribution scheme registered under the National Social Security Fund Act.
In Spain, the Group is required to make payment against mandatory social security contributions to Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social (General Treasury for Social Security) for its employees residing in Spain.
The Group’s obligation under these schemes is limited to specific contributions legislated from time to time, per month per employee. The Group’s contributions are charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income in the year to which they relate. The Group has no further obligation once the contributions have been paid.
2.15 Convertible Notes
Convertible notes are presented as financial liability in the consolidated statement of financial position. On issuance of the convertible notes, the liability is measured at fair value, and subsequently carried at amortised cost (net of transaction costs) until it is extinguished on conversion or redemption. Convertible notes are classified as current liabilities based on the expected conversion date in accordance with the convertible notes agreements.
2.16 Embedded Derivatives
A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if, the economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host, a separate instrument with the same
 
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terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative, and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.
2.17 Interest-bearing loans
Interest-bearing loans are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Interest-bearing loans are subsequently stated at amortised cost; any difference between the proceeds and the redemption value is recognised in the consolidated statement of profit or loss over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. Interest-bearing loans are classified as
non-current
liabilities when the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liabilities for more than twelve months after the reporting date.
2.18 Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, and it is probable that outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the amount can be made. Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.
Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditure expected to be required to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period, using a rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation.
2.19 Leases
The Group assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
Group as a lessee
2.19.1 Identifying a lease
At inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether a contract is, or contains a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Group assesses whether:
 
   
The contract involves the use of an identified asset;
 
   
The Group has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset throughout the period of use; and/or
 
   
The Group has the right to direct the use of the asset.
In assessing whether a lessee is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate a lease, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive for the lessee to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise the option to terminate the lease. The Group revises the lease term if there is a change in the
non-cancellable
period of a lease.
 
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For determination of the lease term, the Group reassesses whether it is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, or not to exercise a termination option, upon the occurrence of either a significant event or a significant change in circumstances that:
 
   
is within the control of the Group; and
 
   
affects whether the Group is reasonably certain to exercise an option not previously included in its determination of the lease term, or not to exercise an option previously included in its determination of the lease term.
For a contract that contains a lease component and one or more additional lease or
non-lease
components, the Group can allocate the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of the relative stand-alone price of the lease component and the aggregate stand-alone price of the
non-lease
component, where applicable. For existing office rental contracts in multiple locations, the Group does not opt to segregate the lease and
non-lease
component as such
non-lease
components are inseparable in the contract and are insignificant in comparison to the overall lease payment.
(i)
Right-of-use
assets
At the commencement date, the Group recognises a
right-of-use
asset and a lease liability presented separately on the consolidated statement of financial position.
(ii) Short-term leases and leases of
low-value
assets
The Group has elected not to recognise
right-of-use
assets and lease liabilities to short term leases that have a lease of 12 months or less and leases of
low-value
assets when new. The Group recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Group’s
right-of-use
assets include rental of office space across different locations of operation in Egypt, Kenya, Pakistan, and United Arab Emirates. The
right-of-use
asset is initially recognised at cost comprising of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability:
 
   
any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received;
 
   
any initial direct costs incurred by the Group; and
 
   
an estimate of costs to be incurred by the Group in dismantling and removing the underlying asset, restoring the site on which it is located or restoring the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease. These costs are recognised as part of the cost of the
right-of-use
asset when the Group incurs an obligation for these costs. The obligation for these costs is incurred either at the commencement date or as a consequence of having used the underlying asset during a particular period.
After initial recognition, the Group amortises the
right-of-use
asset over the term of the lease. In addition, the
right-of-use
asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain
re-measurements
of the lease liability.
(iii) Lease liability
The lease liability is initially recognised at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate, being the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the
right-of-use
asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security, and conditions. The Group determines its incremental borrowing rate by obtaining interest rates from various external financing sources and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased.
 
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After initial recognition, the lease liability is measured by (a) increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability; (b) reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made; and (c) remeasuring the carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modifications or to reflect revised
in-substance
fixed lease payments.
Where, (a) there is a change in the lease term as a result of the reassessment of certainty to exercise an option, or not to exercise a termination option as discussed above; or (b) there is a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset, assessed considering the events and circumstances in the context of a purchase option, the Group remeasures the lease liabilities to reflect changes to lease payments by discounting the revised lease payments using a revised discount rate. The Group determines the revised discount rate as the interest rate implicit in the lease for the remainder of the lease term, if that rate can be readily determined, or its incremental borrowing rate at the date of reassessment, if the interest rate implicit in the lease cannot be readily determined. Where, (a) there is a change in the amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; or (b) there is a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or a rate used to determine those payments, including a change to reflect changes in market rental rates following a market rent review, the Group remeasures the lease liabilities by discounting the revised lease payments using an unchanged discount rate, unless the change in lease payments results from a change in floating interest rates. In such cases, the Group uses a revised discount rate that reflects changes in the interest rate.
The Group recognises the amount of the
re-measurement
of the lease liability as an adjustment to the
right-of-use
asset. Where the carrying amount of the
right-of-use
asset is reduced to zero and there is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, the Group recognises any remaining amount of the
re-measurement
in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (within profit and loss).
The Group exercises the exemptions available to apply a portfolio approach to their leases when assessing application of the discount rate and lease term.
The Group accounts for a lease modification as a separate lease if both:
 
   
the modification increases the scope of the lease by adding the right to use one or more underlying assets; and
 
   
the consideration for the lease increases by an amount commensurate with the stand-alone price for the increase in scope and any appropriate adjustments to that stand-alone price to reflect the circumstances of the particular contract.
2.20 Share-based payments
Employees (including senior executives) of the Group receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments i.e. equity-settled transactions. The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model, further details of which are given in (Note 13).
That cost is recognised in employee benefits expense, together with a corresponding increase in equity (employee share scheme reserve), over the period in which the service and, where applicable, the performance conditions are fulfilled (the vesting period). The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Group’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period.
The Group has issued share-based payment awards, for which “grant date” is not achieved, due to the absence of a formal approval of the terms and conditions of the grant that reflect the intent of this long-term incentive
 
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scheme. The services provided by the employees prior to the grant date counts towards the vesting period of the awards. Therefore, the cost of awards is recognised in advance of the grant date, over the period services are rendered by the employees, by estimating the fair value of the equity instruments at the end of each reporting period. The grant date will be achieved subsequently, as the formal terms and conditions (which were finalised by the Board of Directors of the Parent Company (the “Board of Directors”) in July 2021) are communicated and clarified with the employees.
Service and
non-market
performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Group’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are
non-vesting
conditions.
Non-vesting
conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expense of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.
No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because
non-market
performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or
non-vesting
condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or
non-vesting
condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.
When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award, provided the original vesting terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through comprehensive income.
2.21 Financial instruments
2.21.1 Financial assets
The financial assets consist of the following:
 
(i)
Cash and cash equivalents;
 
(ii)
Current financial assets (financial asset at fair value through profit or loss); and
 
(iii)
Trade and other receivables – the Group’s customers include individuals (Business to customer) and corporate customers (TaaS and SaaS):
 
   
Regular – individual riders (not corporate customers) on intracity routes;
 
   
Travel – individual riders (not corporate customers) on intercity routes; and
 
   
Transport as a Service (‘TaaS’) – customised transport services to corporate customers
 
   
Software as a Service (‘SaaS’).
Individual customers
– are persons who fill bus seats on rides. The individual customer pays for the transportation services through the
end-users’
authorised payment method (i.e. either through cash or through the application). When payment is made through the application (i.e. through the credit/debit card configured by the
end-user
in the application or through third party electronic payment solutions) and the fare charge has not yet been settled with third party payment processors, this causes a negative balance to appear in the customer wallet which is a receivable for the Group. There is a maximum limit to the customer wallet exclusively defined for each territory. The customer is required to settle the amount before booking further riders through the Group’s platform; and
Corporate customers
– represent customers where the Group will provide transportation services through dedicated routes exclusively to individuals determined by the customers, for which an agreed contract terms will
 
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be signed. The corporate customers are billed on a monthly basis. In cases where the transactions have been completed and the amounts owed by the corporate customers have either been invoiced or are unbilled as of the reporting date, these are recognised as trade receivables by the Group.
Classification
The Group classifies its financial assets, which consists of cash and cash equivalents and trade and other receivables and to be measured at amortised cost.
The classification is driven on the Group’s business model for managing the financial assets where the financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Management determines the classification of its investment at initial recognition.
A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL):
 
   
the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and
 
   
the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise to cash flows on specified date that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Recognition and measurement
Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI), and fair value through profit or loss. The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model for managing them.
(i) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash held in current and savings accounts, deposits held at call with financial institutions, and other short-term and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
(ii) Current financial assets (financial assets at fair value through profit or loss)
For debt instruments at fair value through profit or loss, fair value changes, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
(iii) Trade and other receivables
Trade and other receivables are recognised initially at the amount of consideration that is unconditional unless they contain significant financing components, in which case they are recognised at fair value. The Group holds the trade and other receivables with the objective to collect contractual cash flows and, therefore, measures them subsequently at amortised cost using effective interest method subject to credit loss impairment.
Derecognition of financial assets
The Group derecognises financial assets when the contractual right to the cash flows from the financial assets expires, or when it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows on the financial assets in a transaction
 
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in which substantially all the risk and rewards of the ownership of the financial assets are transferred or in which the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset.
Impairment of financial assets
The Group has two types of financial assets that are subject to IFRS 9’s Expected Credit Loss (“ECL”) provisioning model:
 
   
cash and cash equivalents; and
 
   
trade and other receivables.
(i) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are subject to ECL allowance in accordance with IFRS 9. As the cash and cash equivalents are held in banks with high credit rating, the ECL is estimated to be immaterial.
(ii) Trade and other receivables
For trade and other receivables, the Group has applied the standard’s simplified approach and has calculated ECLs based on lifetime expected credit losses. The Group calculates the ECL based on the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the customer and the economic environment.
The default definition determined by the Group in accordance with IFRS 9 is as follows:
 
   
Corporate customers
– the Group considers a corporate customer to be in default when it is overdue for more than 90 days, except for Egypt where customers are considered to be in default when it is overdue for more than 180 days; and
 
   
Individual customers – the Group considers an individual customer to be in default when it is overdue for more than 90 days.
The amount of the provision is charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Trade and other receivables considered irrecoverable are
written-off.
2.21.2 Financial liabilities
Recognition and measurement – Accounts payable, accruals and other payables
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables consist of amounts payable to captains or operators and other vendors, accrued expenses, advance from riders and taxes payable.
Accounts payable, accruals other payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. These are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as
non-current
liability.
Derecognition of financial liability
The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled, or expired.
 
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2.21.3 Offsetting financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the consolidated statement of financial position when, and only when, the Group currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Income and expenses are presented on a net basis only when permitted by the accounting standards, or for gains and losses arising from a group of similar transactions.
2.22 Revenue recognition
The Group derives its revenue principally from
end-users
who use the Group’s platform to access routes predetermined by the Group. Revenue for transport represents the gross amount of fees charged to the end user for these services. Costs incurred with captains for transportation are recorded in cost of sales.
The
end-user
contracts with the Group to utilize the Group’s network of independent operators and individual captains to deliver the transportation services. Captains are drivers using Swvl’s platform. The Group enters into contracts with the
end-users
that define the price for each ride and payment terms. The Group’s acceptance of the ride request establishes enforceable rights and obligations for each contract. By accepting the
end-user’s
ride request, the Group has responsibility for transportation of the end user from origin to destination. The Group enters into separate contracts with independent operators and is responsible for payment to the operator/individual captains regardless of the payment by the end user.
The Group serves customers on its platform through two offerings: “business to consumer”, comprised of Swvl Retail and Swvl Travel, and “business to business”, which includes TaaS model.
Business to customer (B2C)
Using Swvl’s platform, the Group provides customers with a network of minibuses and other vehicles that operate on fixed and semi-fixed routes within the cities and between cities. Customers book seats on vehicles available exclusively through Swvl to commute within a city and make intercity trips.
Business to business (B2B)
The Group enables its corporate customers to use Swvl’s technology and platform to optimize the commute and travel programs they operate for their passengers. B2B includes two offerings, Transportation as a service (TaaS) and Software as a service (SaaS). TaaS offers dedicated routes using vehicles and drivers already operating on Swvl to transport passengers to and from predetermined destinations. SaaS offerings will include access to our dedicated Swvl Business application, which centralizes passenger management, billing, scheduling, data analytics and support functions in one platform.
The Group recognizes revenue at a point in time from its contracts with customer in B2C and TaaS, and over a period of time in SaaS.
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. The principle for revenue recognition is based on the five steps in accordance with IFRS 15 as follows:
 
   
Identify the contract with the customer;
 
   
Identifying the performance obligations in the contract;
 
   
Determine the transaction price;
 
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Allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
 
   
Recognising revenue when (or as) the Group satisfies a performance obligation.
Principal versus
agent
considerations
The Group evaluates the presentation of revenue on a gross versus net basis based on whether they control the service provided to the
end-user
and are the principal in the transaction (gross), or they arrange for other parties (operators and individual captains) to provide the service to the
end-user
and are the agent in the transaction (net).
The Group considers itself a principal for the transportation services because it controls the services provided to riders. The control over the services provided to riders is demonstrated through the following key considerations:
 
   
The Group determines the routes on which the transportation services are operated which includes deciding on the pickup and drop off points;
 
   
The Group reserves the right to assign the routes to the captains;
 
   
The Group reserves the right to decide the fares and the captain does not have the right to amend the fare;
 
   
The captains are entitled to a fixed fee irrespective of the ride fare collected on a particular route whereas the Group is entitled to the entire ride fare revenue. There is no cost-plus arrangement or revenue sharing arrangement with the captain or the operator;
 
   
The Group has complete discretion over assigning the buses to the various business models;
 
   
The Group is responsible for accepting or rejecting the ride request once placed on the platform. There is no involvement of the captain in this process;
 
   
The credit risk is borne entirely by the Group. The Group pays the consideration due to the operators or captains irrespective of whether the rider has paid the ride fare.
 
   
The riders associate the Group as a primary obligor in the arrangement as the identity of the captains is not disclosed to the
end-users;
 
   
The Group assumes responsibility for receiving and resolving the complaints registered by the
end-users
over the quality of the service;
 
   
The Group defines the quality standards, provides training to the captains and inspects vehicles to ensure that service provided meet the expectations of
end-users;
 
   
The captain has no share in the cancellation fee paid by the
end-users;
and
 
   
Any incentives and discounts given to the
end-users
are entirely determined by the Group.
Performance
obligation
and recognition of revenue
As the Group is acting as a principal in accordance with IFRS 15 (as discussed above), the Group considers the
end-users
to be its customers. The sole performance obligation of the Group is to provide transportation services to the
end-users
by integrating the use of the Swvl platform and a network of captains and buses registered on the platform. The
end-users
are charged for using transportation services (i.e. fare charges net off the discounts and incentives) and are given various incentives (discussed below). The Group recognises revenue when its performance obligation towards the
end-users
has been satisfied, i.e. when the ride is completed. It is at this point in time that the
end-user
becomes liable to transfer the due consideration to the Group.
End-user
discounts
and
promotions
 
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The Group offers discounts and promotions to
end-users
to encourage use of the transportation services provided by the Group. These are offered in various forms and include:
 
   
Targeted discounts and promotions: these discounts and promotions are offered to specific
end-users
in a market to acquire,
re-engage,
or generally increase
end-users’
use of the platform. An example of a specific
end-user
discount is the discount given to a new user on the first ride booked using the Group’s platform. The
end-user
does not provide the Group with a distinct good or service against these promotions and discounts; therefore the Group deducts the amount of these discounts from the transaction price while recognising revenue. Furthermore, as the discount is provided at the completion of the ride when the Group has satisfied the performance obligation and the rider pays for the ride, no liability in relation to the issued discount schemes (i.e. promotion codes) is recognised at the time of revenue recognition.
 
   
Free credits: this is specific to the
end-users
using the Travel service (intercity routes) to encourage booking a
two-way
trip between the cities with Swvl. A credit is transferred to the
end-users’
wallet on the application after the completion of the first trip that the
end-user
can consume while paying for the return trip. As the Group provides the discount that is to be used in the future by the
end-user,
this is recognised as a liability until either it is redeemed by the
end-user
or the validity period of such credit lapses. However, this liability is not recognised when it is immaterial.
 
   
Referrals – these referrals are earned when an existing
end-user
(the referring
end-user)
refers a new
end-user
(the referred
end-user)
to the platform and the new
end-user
books their first ride on the platform. These referrals are typically paid in the form of a credit given to the referring
end-user.
Therefore, as the existing
end-user
provides a distinct good or service against the
end-user
referral discounts, therefore, the existing
end-user
is deemed to provide growth and marketing services to the Group. As a result of this, the
end-user
referrals are recognised as selling and marketing costs.
 
   
Market-wide promotions – these promotions are pricing actions in the form of discounts that reduce the
end-user
fare charged to
end-users
for all or substantially all rides in a specific market. Accordingly, the Group records the cost of these promotions as a reduction of revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied and revenue is recognised, i.e. when the ride is completed.
Sales refunds and waivers
The Group has a policy which entitles the
end-users
to register complaints regarding quality of service within a certain number of days. Once registered, the Group assesses the complaint and decides whether the
end-users
are entitled to a refund (“Sales waivers”). The Group defers a portion from the fare and recognises it as refund liability at the completion of every ride. Upon the conclusion of refund claims or when the time to register such complaints lapses, the refund liability is reversed against revenue or cash (or customer wallet). However, the refund liability is not recognised when it is immaterial. The riders are entitled to a full or partial refund upon the cancellation of trips (“Sales refunds”). These Sales refunds are accounted for as a reversal of revenue at the time of recognition.
Software-as-a-Service
(SaaS)
The Group derives its revenue primarily from subscription fees for its cloud-based transportation solution services. The Group hosts software applications that it makes available to its customers over subscription periods generally ranging from 12 to 24 months. The subscription agreements are
non-cancelable
and do not contain provisions for refunds. Customers do not have any contractual rights to take possession of the Group’s software applications.
The Group commences revenue recognition in accordance with IFRS 15, when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
 
   
There is a persuasive evidence of an arrangement;
 
   
The subscription or other services have been or are being delivered to the customer;
 
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Collection of related fees is reasonably assured; and 
 
   
The amounts of the related fees are fixed or determinable.
Once all the revenue recognition criteria are met, the Group commences recognizing revenue rateably over the subscription period.
2.23 Loss per share
Basic loss per share amounts are calculated by dividing the loss of the Group by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the financial period.
Diluted loss per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic loss per share to take into account the after-income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential ordinary shares, and the weighted average number of additional ordinary shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.
2.24 Taxes
Current income taxes
The Group provides for income taxes in accordance with IAS 12. As the Parent Company is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, profits from operations of the Parent Company are not subject to taxation. However, certain subsidiaries of the Parent Company are based in taxable jurisdictions and are therefore liable for tax. Income tax on the profit or loss for the year comprises current and deferred tax on the profits of these subsidiaries. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in countries where the Group operates and generates taxable income.
Management periodically evaluates the position taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretations and establishes provision where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.
Deferred tax is not recognised for:
 
   
temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss; or
 
   
temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.
 
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A deferred tax asset is recognised for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.
2.25 Segment reporting
Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Group’s Chief Executive Officer is the Group’s CODM. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. As such, the Group has determined that it operates as one operating segment.
3. Financial risk management objectives and policies
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including interest rate risk, currency risk, and other price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. Management reviews and agrees on policies for managing each of these risks which are summarized below.
3.1 Market risk
Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices such as foreign exchange rates, interest and equity prices will affect the Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimising the return.
3.1.1 Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the Group’s earnings will be affected as a result of fluctuations in the value of financial instruments due to changes in market interest rates. The Group’s cash flow exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Group’s debt obligations
.
The Group has certain financial assets that generate interest income, however the Group is not exposed to material interest rate risk on these financial assets.
Interest rate sensitivity (In USD)
 
    
Effect on loss
 
31 December 2021
  
+100 basis point increase
     458,733  
-100 basis point increase
     (458,733
31 December 2020
  
+100 basis point increase
     838  
-100 basis point increase
     (838
3.1.2 Currency risk
Currency risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Group is not exposed in its transactions denominated in AED, SAR, JOD as it is pegged against USD. The Group is exposed to currency risk because of the Group’s net investments in foreign
 
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subsidiaries. The Group’s significant exposure is from the point the cash flows of the transactions are forecasted up to the point of settlement of the resulting receivable or payable that is denominated in the foreign currency.
The following are exchange rates applied during the year in respect of currencies where the Group has significant exposures to currency risk:
 
    
Spot rate
    
Average rate
        
    
At 31 December
    
At 31 December
        
    
2021
    
2020
    
2019
    
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
EGP
     15.76        15.78        16.09        15.74        15.86        16.85  
KES
     113.24        109.27        101.44        109.75        106.57        102.11  
PKR
     177.97        159.83        154.85        163.08        161.90        149.90  
EUR
     1.14        —          —          1.13        —          —    
Sensitivity analysis
A 10% strengthening/(weakening) of the following currency against USD currency at 31 December would have increased/(decreased) financial instruments by USD equivalent amounts shown below:
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Strengthening
        
EGP to USD
     92,200        311,602        697,423  
EUR to USD
     77,070        —          —    
PKR to USD
     66,060        45,069        (8,790
KES to USD
     29,966        8,901        (29,764
Weakening
        
EGP to USD
     (92,200      (311,602      (697,423
EUR to USD
     (77,070      —          —    
PKR to USD
     (66,060      (45,069      8,790  
KES to USD
     (29,966      (8,901      29,764  
3.1.3 Other price risk
Other price risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices (other than those arising from currency risk or interest rate risk), whether those changes are caused by factors specific to the individual financial instrument or its issuer, or factors affecting all similar financial instruments traded in the market.
The Group is not exposed to price risk at reporting date as it has no financial instruments which are sensitive to market prices.
3.2 Credit risk
Credit risk is a risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from the Group’s trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents held with banks.
The Groups’ exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each counterparty. However, Management also considers the factors that may influence the credit risk of its counterparties, including the default risk of the industry and the country in which counterparties operate.
 
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The carrying value of the financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure, which is as follows:
Exposure to credit risk
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Cash and cash equivalents
     9,529,723        10,348,732  
Trade and other receivables
     
•  Corporate customers
     2,366,209        2,596,637  
•  Individual customers
     783,018        189,253  
•  Others
     3,454,013        74,226  
Current Financial assets
     10,000,880        —    
Advances to shareholders
     —          36,091  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
26,133,843
 
  
 
13,244,939
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
(i)
Expected credit losses on trade receivables
As at 31 December 2021 (In USD)
 
Days outstanding
  
Current
   
0 – 30
   
31 – 60
   
61 – 90
   
91 – 120
   
121 – 150
   
151 – 180
   
180+
   
Total
 
Exposure at default
     126,342       1,239,427       995,140       409,261       409,401       184,272       101,899       757,903    
 
4,223,645
 
Loss rate
     0     16.05     24.01     31.02     87.54     61.60     72.00     98.61  
 
43.98
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Expected credit losses
     —         198,908       238,970       126,942       358,389       113,517       73,368       747,342    
 
1,857,436
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
As at 31 December 2020 (In USD)
 
Days outstanding
  
Current
   
0 – 30
   
31 – 60
   
61 – 90
   
91 – 120
   
121 – 150
   
151 – 180
   
180+
   
Total
 
Exposure at default
     824,493       552,498       299,314       171,872       213,247       86,431       44,492       331,806    
 
2,524,153
 
Loss rate
     16.69     15.16     18.48     21.85     45.82     53.20     68.70     98.91  
 
32.35
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Expected credit
losses
     137,603       83,752       55,305       37,546       97,716       45,984       30,567       328,182    
 
816,655
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Totals of expected credit losses as a percentage of the exposure may not tie due to percentage rounding.
(ii) Expected credit losses on customer wallet receivables
As at 31 December 2021 (In USD)
 
Days outstanding
  
Current
    
0 – 30
    
31 – 60
    
61 – 90
   
91 – 120
   
121 – 150
   
151 – 180
   
180+
   
Total
 
Exposure at default
     134,007        279,710        73,219        92,941       113,878       99,900       118,254       417,455    
 
1,329,364
 
Loss rate
     —          —          —          23.00     32.00     45.00     63.00     88.41  
 
41.10
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Expected credit losses
     —          —          —          21,377       36,441       44,955       74,500       369,073    
 
546,346
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
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As at 31 December 2020 (In USD)
 
Days outstanding
  
Current
    
0 – 30
    
31 – 60
    
61 – 90
    
91 – 120
   
121 – 150
   
151 – 180
   
180+
   
Total
 
Exposure at default
     —          —          85,259        —          35,753       24,514       28,009       275,741    
 
449,276
 
Loss rate
     —          —          —          —          22.50     31.50     45.00     84.01  
 
57.88
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Expected credit losses
     —          —          —          —          8,044       7,722       12,604       231,653    
 
260,023
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Totals of expected credit losses as a percentage of the exposure may not tie due to percentage rounding.
(iii) Expected credit losses on other financial assets
Credit risk is managed on a Group basis. For banks and financial institutions, only independently rated parties with a minimum rating of BB+’ are accepted. The Group considers ‘low credit risk’ in relation to the bank balances as they have a low risk of default supported by high credit rating carried by a major credit rating agency. These financial institutions have a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in the near term.
3.3 Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with its financial liabilities. Liquidity requirements are monitored on a daily basis and management ensures that sufficient cash and cash equivalents are available to meet their commitments for liabilities as they fall due.
The Group’s liquidity management involves projecting cash flows and considering the level of liquid assets necessary to meet these, monitoring liquidity ratios against internal and external regulatory requirements and maintaining debt financing plans.
The table below analyses the Group’s financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the reporting date to contractual maturity dates excluding the impact of netting agreements. The amounts disclosed in the table below are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.
 
In USD
  
Maturity up to one
year
    
Maturity after one
year
    
Total
 
31 December 2021
        
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables
     19,615,435        —          19,615,435  
Interest bearing loans
     60,440        337,545        397,985  
Convertible notes
     74,606,482        —          74,606,482  
Loan from related party
     478,764        —          478,764  
Lease liabilities
     1,287,689        3,503,443        4,791,132  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
96,048,810
 
  
 
3,840,988
 
  
 
99,889,798
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
31 December 2020
        
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables
     1,414,995        —          1,414,995  
Lease liabilities
     421,084        1,056,421        1,477,505  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
1,836,079
 
  
 
1,056,421
 
  
 
2,892,500
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Capital risk management
The Group’s objective when managing capital is to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefit for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital
 
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structure to reduce the cost of capital. The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders or issue new shares. Management seeks to maintain a balance between higher returns and a sound capital position.
4. Critical accounting judgments and estimates
The preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with the above requirements requires Management to make certain critical accounting estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Revision to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and in any future periods affected. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of asset or liability affected in future periods. Such estimates and assumptions are as follows:
(a) Leases
(i) Determination of lease term
IFRS 16 requires the Group to assess the lease term as the
non-cancellable
lease term in line with the lease contract together with the period for which the Group has extension options which the Group is reasonably certain to exercise and the periods for which the Group has termination options for which the Group is not reasonably certain to exercise those termination options. The Group assesses the options to extend or terminate their leases offices in multiple locations across Egypt, Kenya, Pakistan and United Arab Emirates. Management has not assessed the lease extension term where such clauses are required to be mutually agreed between the Group and the lessor. In cases where the lease extension is solely at the discretion of the Group as a lessee, Management is reasonably certain that such leases will not be renewed beyond the
non-cancellable
lease term and no extension options have been exercised.
(ii) Discount rate
The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is generally the case for leases in the Group, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the
right-of-use
asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security, and conditions.
(b) Deferred tax asset
Deferred tax is recognised and provides for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax reflects the manner of recovery of underlying assets and is measured at the prevailing tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse. A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed periodically and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. Deferred tax assets have been recognised by a certain subsidiary of the Group on their trading losses where utilisation is probable, given that there are probable future taxable profits to offset against these losses. The Group continuously reviews the recoverability of the deferred tax asset for any significant changes to these assumptions. The details of the deferred tax asset recognised on unused tax losses is disclosed in Note 28.2.
 
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(c) Share-based payments
The Group issued share-based payment awards to employees starting from May 2017. While there was a mutual understanding with the employees regarding the terms of the award, its formal approval was pending, and therefore “grant date” was not achieved. The grant date will be achieved on an “exit event” which includes “merger, consolidation, sale of assets, or other change in control of the Parent Company, or otherwise in accordance with the terms of the Option Rules and the Award agreement”. However, the cost of awards is recognised in advance of the grant date, over the period services are rendered by the employees, by estimating the fair value of the equity instruments at the end of each reporting period to comply with the requirements of IFRS.
The award’s terms include a condition that the employees would be eligible to exercise their vested options only on an exit event occurring. If an employee leaves the Group before the exit event, the employee could exercise options on a
pro-rata
basis (based on the length of time that the employee has served since the award was granted). The probability of an exit event occurring is a
non-vesting
condition and is included in the fair value of the awards, which charge is amortised over the period services are rendered by the employees.
(d) ECL assumptions
The Group estimates the expected credit loss under the simplified approach using a provision matrix which applies the relevant loss rates to the outstanding trade receivable balances (i.e. an aged analysis). Different loss rates are determined depending on the number of days that the trade and other receivables are outstanding. Depending on the diversity of the
end-user
base, the Group uses appropriate groupings (known as customer segments) based on homogeneous risk characteristics. The estimates mainly involve the following:
 
   
Determining appropriate customer segments
– Estimating the risk characteristics and concluding whether a group of customers will exhibit similar loss patterns in the future;
 
   
Appropriateness of historical loss rates
– Estimating whether the macroeconomic outlook for the prior periods is consistent with the current outlook or if any adjustment is needed;
 
   
Default definition
– Management defines its policy of what is considered as a default which is consistent with the internal credit risk management policy of the Group. The default definition includes the impact of qualitative factors wherever necessary; and
 
   
Forward-looking analysis
– Management assesses whether in the past, there has been a plausible relationship between the macroeconomic indicators and the historical loss patterns. In case there is a plausible relationship and a strong correlation, Management estimates the impact of the future economic outlook on the loss patterns based on forecasted statistics.
The Group uses a simplified approach which includes a provision matrix for large portfolio of customers which have similar risk characteristics (through ‘determining appropriate customer segments’ discussed above) to calculate expected credit losses (ECL) for trade receivables and other receivables based on the Group’s historical observed default rates, derived from the number of days past due for various customer segments that have similar loss patterns. These historical observed default rates are then adjusted for forward-looking information through the forward looking analysis discussed above.
 
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The assessment of the correlation between historical observed default rates, forecast economic conditions and resulting ECL is a significant estimate. The amount of ECL is sensitive to changes in circumstances and of forecast economic conditions. The Group’s historical credit loss experience and forecast of economic conditions may also not be representative of the customer’s actual default in the future.
5. Property and equipment
 
In USD
  
Furniture, fittings
and equipment
    
Leasehold
improvements
    
Total
 
Cost
        
At 1 January 2020
     311,182        135,154        446,336  
Additions
     192,976        20,009        212,985  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
At 31 December 2020
  
 
504,158
 
  
 
155,163
 
  
 
659,321
 
Additions
     265,927        53,544        319,471  
Acquisition through business combination (Note 7)
     1,846        —          1,846  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
At 31 December 2021
  
 
771,931
 
  
 
208,707
 
  
 
980,638
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Accumulated depreciation
        
At 1 January 2020
     14,940        10,989        25,929  
Charge for the year
     109,777        13,826        123,603  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
At 31 December 2020
  
 
124,717
 
  
 
24,815
 
  
 
149,532
 
Charge for the year
     163,667        18,735        182,402  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
At 31 December 2021
  
 
288,384
 
  
 
43,550
 
  
 
331,934
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Net book value
        
At 31 December 2021
  
 
483,547
 
  
 
165,157
 
  
 
648,704
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
At 31 December 2020
  
 
379,441
 
  
 
130,348
 
  
 
509,789
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Depreciation is charged entirely to General and administrative expenses (Note 22)
6. Intangible assets
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Cost
     
At 1 January
     —          —    
Acquisition through business combination (Note 7)
     1,002,147        —    
Additions
     2,222        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
At 31 December
     1,004,369        —    
Accumulated amortization
     
At 1 January
     —          —    
Charge for the year
     15,963        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
     15,963        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Net book value as at 31 December
  
 
988,406
 
  
 
—  
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
7. Business combination and goodwill
On 19 November 2021, the Group acquired 55% of the shares of Shotl Transportation, S.L. (“Shotl”), a mass transit platform that partners with municipalities and corporations to provide
on-demand
bus and van services across Europe, Latin America and Asia-Pacific. This acquisition has been accounted for in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combination.
 
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The initial accounting is based on the management’s best estimate of the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired by the Group and will be finalized within the next 12 months. The finalization of the purchase price allocation may result in a change in the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired, and accordingly a corresponding change in the goodwill. The purchase consideration and the provisional fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of Shotl at the date of acquisition are as follows:
 
In USD
  
Provisional
fair value
recognized
on acquisition
 
Assets
  
Intangible Assets
     1,002,147  
Property and Equipment
     1,846  
Other assets
     8,697  
Trade and other receivables
     365,061  
Cash and cash equivalents
     145,551  
  
 
 
 
Total Assets
  
 
1,523,302
 
  
 
 
 
Liabilities
  
Interest-bearing loans
     493,779  
Loans from related parties
     482,161  
Trade and other payables
     238,046  
  
 
 
 
Total Liabilities
  
 
1,213,986
 
  
 
 
 
Total identifiable net assets at fair value
     309,316  
  
 
 
 
Non-controlling
interest measured at fair value
     139,643  
Goodwill arising on acquisition
     4,418,226  
  
 
 
 
Purchase consideration
     4,557,869  
  
 
 
 
In USD
  
Cash flow on
acquisition
 
Net cash acquired with the subsidiary
     145,551  
Cash consideration paid
     (968,997
  
 
 
 
Purchase consideration transferred
     (823,446
  
 
 
 
Purchase consideration is paid as follows:
 
   
$1 million in Pivotal Holdings (as defined in Note 34) shares at closing of the SPAC transaction;
 
   
Approximately $0.97 million in cash at closing of acquisition;
 
   
approximately $1 million in cash 6 months after closing of the acquisition;
 
   
approximately $1 million in cash 12 months after closing of the acquisition; and
 
   
approximately $0.6 million in cash payable at the later of 18 months after closing or satisfaction of certain revenue and grants
earn-out
condition.
Revenue and loss contribution
The acquired business’s contribution to revenue and loss since acquisition date was insignificant to the Group.
8. Current financial assets
During the year, the Group has entered into Convertible Promissory Note Agreements with total investment of USD 10 million (the “Notes”). The Notes have a maturity date after four months from the commencement date
 
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and, could be extended for two additional months with a prior written consent from Swvl to the issuing parties. The Notes are convertible, on the discretion of the issuing parties to number of shares, determined based on the specific scenarios outlined in the agreements. In case the parties did not convert the Notes, by written notice to the Group five business days prior to maturity date, the notes value shall be repaid to the Group.
Break-up
of the notes is following:
 
In USD
  
Commencement date
    
Interest
    
2021
    
2020
 
Investment A
     24 November 2021        1.08% p.a.        5,000,880        —    
Investment B
     4 December 2021        0% p.a.        5,000,000        —    
        
 
 
    
 
 
 
        
 
10,000,880
 
  
 
—  
 
        
 
 
    
 
 
 
9. Trade and other receivables
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Trade receivables
     4,223,645        2,524,153  
Customer wallet receivables
     1,329,364        449,275  
Accrued income
     3,038,259        889,140  
Less: provision for expected credit losses
     (2,403,782      (1,076,678
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
6,187,486
 
  
 
2,785,890
 
Other receivables
     415,754        74,226  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
6,603,240
 
  
 
2,860,116
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Trade receivables are
non-interest
bearing and are generally on up to 60 days terms. It is not the practice of the Group to obtain collateral over trade receivables and are therefore, unsecured. Provision for expected credit losses for receivables consists of the following:
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Provision for expected credit losses for trade receivables
     (1,857,436      (816,655
Provision for expected credit losses for customer wallet receivables
     (546,346      (260,023
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
(2,403,782
  
 
(1,076,678
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
The movement in provision for expected credit losses are as follows:
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
At 1 January
     1,076,678        347,822  
Charge during the year
     1,327,104        728,856  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
At 31 December
  
 
2,403,782
 
  
 
1,076,678
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
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10. Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Withholding tax receivables
     634,835        —    
Prepaid expenses
     272,312        203,024  
Advances to suppliers
     186,120        21,646  
Others
     9,722        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
1,102,989
 
  
 
224,670
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
11. Cash and cash equivalents
For the purpose of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise the following:
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Cash on hand
     3,410        —    
Cash at banks
     4,083,466        7,648,482  
Cash sweep account
(*)
     5,451,238        2,700,250  
Bank overdraft
     (8,391      —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
9,529,723
    
10,348,732
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
*
Cash sweep account consists of highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with 24 hours’ notice with no loss of interest. These investments generate interest and dividend income as disclosed in Note 26. The average rate of interest and dividend income represented are insignificant.
12. Share capital
The authorised share capital of the Parent Company consists of 93,922,712 shares at 31 December 2021 (31 December 2020: 93,922,712 shares) par value of $0.0001 per share. The number of shares presented are recast for the effect of the Conversion Ratio as discussed in Note 34.4 and the reallocation between share capital and share premium, and applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented.
12.1 Authorised and issued share capital
 
    
At 31 December
 
    
2021
    
2020
 
    
Authorised
    
Issued
    
Authorised
    
Issued
 
Common A shares
     22,649,444        19,125,190        22,649,444        19,125,190  
Common B shares
     5,943,214        833,500        5,943,214        833,500  
Class A shares
     8,387,844        8,387,844        8,387,844        8,387,844  
Class B shares
     11,711,272        11,711,272        11,711,272        11,711,272  
Class C shares
     12,360,556        12,360,556        12,360,556        12,360,556  
Class D shares
     22,345,941        22,345,941        22,345,941        22,345,941  
Class D-1
shares
     10,524,441        10,524,441        10,524,441        10,524,441  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
93,922,712
 
  
 
85,288,744
 
  
 
93,922,712
 
  
 
85,288,744
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
12.2 Rights of share classes
Common Shares A and Common Shares B are ordinary shares, with the exception that Common Shares B are
non-voting.
 
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Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and
Class D-1
shares are preferred shares that are (i) convertible into Common Shares A at the respective Conversion Ratio at any time, (ii) have a liquidation preference, and (iii) have the right to participate in
non-liquidation
asset distribution events.
The holders of Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and
Class D-1
convertible preference shares may convert their shares into common share A at any time following the date of issuance at the then applicable conversion rate. The current conversion rate for all classes of preference shares is 1:1.
Any of the following shall be treated as a liquidation event of the Company: (i) the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) a Merger or consolidation (in which members of the Company own a majority by voting power of the outstanding shares of the surviving or acquiring Company) and a sales, lease, transfer, exclusive license or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company.
12.3 Movement in share capital, subscribed and
paid-up
capital
 
    
Number of shares
    
Share capial

USD

(recast)
    
Share premium

USD

(recast)
 
Balance as at 1 January 2020
     74,764,303        7,477        62,496,668  
Issuance of shares –
Class D-1
     10,524,442        1,052        26,376,520  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Balance as at 31 December 2020
     85,288,745        8,529        88,873,188  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Balance as at 31 December 2021
  
 
85,288,745
 
  
 
8,529
 
  
 
88,873,188
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
13. Employee share scheme reserve
The Group issued share-based payment awards to employees starting May 2017 to select employees. While there was a mutual understanding with the employees regarding the terms of the award, and the formal approval was pending. In June 2019, the Board of Directors adopted a draft version of Swvl Inc’s 2019 Share Option Plan (the Plan) and a draft version of the sample award agreement for granting of options to employees as identified by the Management, up to 5,943,214 shares. The Board of Directors also ratified all awards issued prior to its adoption of draft documents. Although the formal terms and conditions were subsequently approved by the Board of Directors in July 2021, the grant date will be achieved when these are communicated and clarified with the employees. However, employees have rendered services to the Group based on mutual understanding, and this counts towards employees meeting their service conditions.
Under the Plan, 25% of the options vest annually from the issue date. These options are exercisable up to 10 years from the issue date, but only if an “exit event” as defined in the Plan occurs. An employee that leaves the Group before an exit event has occurred could exercise options on a
pro-rata
basis (based on the length of time that the employee has served since the award was granted).
 
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When exercisable, each option is convertible into one Common Share B. The exercise price of the options is based on the fair value of shares as determined in the immediately previous round of financing.
 
    
2021
   
2020
 
    
Average exercise
price per share
Option
    
Number of
options
   
Average exercise
price per share
option
    
Number of
options
 
    
USD
          
USD
        
At 1 January
     2.30        4,466,470       1.46        2,908,189  
Issued during the year (i)
     1.70        5,849,596       2.36        3,423,086  
Exercised during the year (ii)
     —          —         —          (833,500
Forfeited during the year
     2.01        (1,801,386     1.96        (1,031,305
  
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
 
At 31 December
  
 
1.61
 
  
 
8,514,681
 
 
 
2.30
 
  
 
4,466,470
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
 
Vested and exercisable
     1.49        5,158,033       1.25        883,328  
  
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
(i)
Since the grant date is achieved only in the future on the “exit event” while the vesting period commences when awards are issued to employees, the disclosure considers “number of awards issued” in place of “number of awards granted”.
(ii)
The weighted average share price at the date of exercise of options exercised during the year ended 31 December 2021 was $0 (31 December 2020 – $0).
Share options outstanding at the end of each year have the following expiry date and exercise prices:
 
    
At 31 December
 
    
2021
    
2020
 
Number of options
     8,514,681        4,466,470  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Range of exercise price
   $ 0 - $3.38        $ 0.36 - $2.50    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Range of expiry dates
    
April 2027 –
September 2031

 
    
January 2030 –
December 2030

 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)
     7.97        8.95  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Since the grant date is not achieved, the options are fair valued using an estimate of fair value of options on equity at the end of each reporting period using Monte Carlo simulation that takes into account the exercise price, the term of the option, the impact of dilution (where material), the share price at grant date and expected price volatility of the underlying share, the expected dividend yield, the risk-free interest rate for the term of the option, and the correlations and volatilities of the peer group companies. The fair value of the options was as follows:
 
Strike price
  
At 31 December
 
    
2021
    
2020
 
$0
     13,100        2,353.60  
$0.36
     —          2,121.06  
$0.43
     —          2,075.66  
$1.23
     11,357        1,552.37  
$1.88
     10,515        1,160.23  
$2.50
     9,780        878.90  
$3.38
     8,852        —    
Total expenses arising from share-based payment transactions recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as part of employee benefit expense was USD 33.6 million for the year ended 31 December 2021 (USD 2.8 million and USD 0.4 million for the years ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019, respectively).
 
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The following assumptions are used in calculating the fair values of the options:
 
Particulars
  
At 31 December
 
    
2021
   
2020
 
Expected weighted average volatility (%)
     50     60
Expected dividends (%)
     0     0
Expected term (in years)
     1.25       1.25  
Risk free rate (%)
     1.12     0.10
Market price
   $ 13,430.0     $ 2,353.6  
The volatility has been measured as the standard deviation of quoted share prices of comparable peer entities over the last one year from each respective/expected grant date.
The number of shares and exercise prices presented above are recast to reflect the impact of the Conversion Ratio as discussed in Note 34.4 and applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented.
 
14.
Foreign currency translation reserve
Exchange differences arising on translation of the foreign controlled entities are recognised in other comprehensive income, as described in Note 2.6 (iii), and accumulated in a separate reserve within equity. The cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss when the net investment is disposed of.
The following table represents the movement of the foreign currency translation reserve during the year:
 
In USD
  
Foreign currency reserve
 
At 1 January 2019
     14,183  
Currency translation difference
     1,154,625  
  
 
 
 
At 31 December 2019
     1,168,808  
Currency translation difference
     (308,434
  
 
 
 
At 31 December 2020
    
860,374
 
Currency translation difference
     (409,511
  
 
 
 
At 31 December 2021
    
450,863
 
  
 
 
 
 
15.
Derivatives liabilities
At 31 December 2021, embedded derivatives of USD 44.3 million (31 December 2020: Nil) have been recognised as current liabilities. Embedded derivatives are related to the put option embedded in the convertible notes agreement, which represent an obligation on the Group to deliver variable number of shares upon the conversion event. Please refer to (Note 32) for further details.
A fair value loss for the year ended 31 December 2021 amounted to USD 44.3 million (2020: Nil) and has been recorded in finance cost (Note 27).
 
16.
Convertible notes
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Convertible Notes A
     29,106,482        —    
Convertible Notes B
     45,500,000        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
74,606,482
    
—  
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
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Convertible Notes A
During the year ended 31 December 2021, the Parent Company issued convertible notes, in an aggregate principal amount of USD 27.7 million with a maturity date of 5 September 2022, convertible either into common or preferred shares of the Parent Company upon maturity or immediately prior to a merger or consolidation with a special purpose acquisition company depending on certain criteria detailed in the convertible notes’ agreements. However, in connection with the Parent Company’s proposed business combination with Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital, immediately prior to the consummation of the business combination (as further described in (Note 34) such convertible notes will convert into the right to receive Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share of Pivotal Holdings Corp, a British Virgin Islands business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands and wholly owned subsidiary of the Parent Company. These notes will convert unless they are repaid together with accrued interest with the prior written consent of “Majority in Interest” comprising of majority holders that are unaffiliated to the Group. The Parent Company intends to use the net proceeds from the issue of the convertible notes for general corporate purposes as well as to finance strategic opportunities which may arise.
The interest rate varies to be (i) a rate of 12% per annum from the date of issuance of each convertible note, until the date on which the aggregate principal amount raised by the Parent Company reaches the predetermined benchmark, and (ii) at any time thereafter, and in respect of all amounts raised by the Parent Company, a rate of 6.5% per annum.
The conversion ratios for these notes would depend on the event leading to their conversion. Unless the Group conducts a Qualified Equity Financing Event, a Corporate Transaction, an IPO or a SPAC Transaction, all of which are defined in the term-sheet, the notes would convert on maturity using a conversion price derived from a prescribed valuation cap on fully diluted capitalisation on conversion date. Since the management considers the SPAC Transaction likely to occur, it has used a conversion price prescribed for such event while calculating the fair value of the embedded derivatives.
During the year, accrued interest charges amounted to USD 1.4 million (2020: Nil) (Note 27).
Convertible Notes B
During the year, certain PIPE investors have
pre-funded
to the Group a portion of USD 45.5 million of the aggregate PIPE subscription raised in connection with the proposed business combination, in a form of convertible notes. The “PIPE” is a fully committed private placement of common shares of the combined company. At the closing of the Group’s business combination with the SPAC, each exchangeable note will be automatically exchanged for shares of the combined company at an exchange price of USD 8.50 per share. Upon the issuance of the exchangeable notes, the amount
pre-funded
by each participating investor reduces their remaining respective commitment in the PIPE. These notes doesn’t bear interest.
 
17.
Interest-bearing loans
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Loan A
     341,130        —    
Loan B
     56,855        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
397,985
    
—  
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Loan A:
On 15 May 2020, Shotl Transportation (the Subsidiary) has entered into an agreement of loan facility with European bank (Cajamar bank) to support its operations. The loan nominal value is amounted to EUR 300,000. The loan carries variable interest rate of 1.85% plus EURIBOR per annum. The loan will be repaid on 48 equally monthly instalments. The maturity date has been extended for
12-month
period to end on 5 May, 2026 due to COVID 19 pandemic.
 
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Loan B:
On 12 February 2021, Shotl has entered into an agreement of loan facility with European bank (Santander Bank) to support its operations. The loan nominal value is EUR 50,000. The loan carries fixed interest rate of 3.6% per annum. The loan will be repaid in 48 equally monthly instalments. The loan will be matured on 12 February 2026.
Classification of loans as current and
non-current
is as follows:
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Non-current
     337,545        —    
Current
     60,440        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
397,985
    
—  
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
18.
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Financial items
     
Accounts payables
     5,176,759        1,057,599  
Accrued expenses
     9,008,969        31,727  
Deferred purchase price
     3,618,902        —    
Captain payables
     1,249,948        289,426  
Advances from customers
     52,307        —    
Other payables
     560,857        36,243  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
19,667,742
    
1,414,995
 
Non-financial
items
     
Advances from individual customers
(e-wallets)
(i)
     3,938,712        2,523,608  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total accounts payable, accruals and other payables
  
 
23,606,454
 
  
 
3,938,603
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
(i)
Advances from individual customers
(e-wallets)
are used by customers against future bookings, therefore, the Group does not expect to repay these amounts.
 
19.
Lease liabilities and
right-of-use
assets
The Group’s lease environment includes rental of office space across different locations of operation in Egypt, Kenya, Pakistan, and United Arab Emirates.
Office leases
The Group has leased office space across different locations of operations with lease terms ranging from 1 – 5 years. The Group has determined the
non-cancellable
lease term for individual leases based on the requirements under IFRS 16 and considering the options available to extend the lease agreement or not to terminate the lease agreements.
Lease term
The Group’s contractual arrangements with the lessors generally contain lease term extension and early termination options that are to be mutually agreed upon between the lessor and the Group. Certain other leased office spaces contractually allow the lease agreement to be extended or terminated beyond the
non-cancellable
period solely upon the Group’s discretion.
 
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Low value leases
The Group has not identified any low value leases for the year ended 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020.
 
19.1
Right-of-use
assets
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Balance as at 1 January
     863,645        1,110,486  
Additions during the year
     3,737,469        116,968  
Depreciation charge for the year
     (541,218      (363,809
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Balance as at 31 December
  
 
4,059,896
 
  
 
863,645
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
19.2
Lease liabilities
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Balance as at 1 January
     928,583        1,147,309  
Additions during the year
     3,716,327        116,968  
Accretion of interest
     140,184        83,804  
Repayments
     (622,573      (419,498
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Balance as at 31 December
  
 
4,162,521
 
  
 
928,583
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Maturity analysis
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Less than one year (current)
     1,201,204        302,719  
One to five years
(non-current)
     2,961,317        625,864  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Lease liabilities as at 31 December
  
 
4,162,521
 
  
 
928,583
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Amounts recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income:
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Interest expense on lease liabilities
     (140,184      (83,804
Depreciation for
right-of-use
assets
     (541,218      (363,809
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
(681,402
  
 
(447,613
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
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20.
Revenue
 
20.1
Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers
The Group derives its revenue principally from
end-users
who use the Group’s platform to access routes predetermined by the Group. The Group derives revenue from the transfer of services at a point in time. This level of disaggregation takes into consideration how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Business to customers
     18,744,932        6,642,609        5,953,186  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Business to business – SaaS
     8,535        —          —    
Business to business – TaaS
     19,591,786        10,669,677        6,398,360  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
     19,600,321        10,669,677        6,398,360  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
38,345,253
 
  
 
17,312,286
 
  
 
12,351,546
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
20.2
Revenue by geographical location
The following table presents the Group’s revenue reconciliation disaggregated by geographical location. Revenue by geographical location is based on where the transaction occurred.
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Egypt
     25,011,807        14,981,243        12,010,701  
Pakistan
     10,391,287        1,502,884        154,818  
Kenya
     1,873,051        824,656        186,027  
Others
     1,069,108        3,503        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
38,345,253
 
  
 
17,312,286
 
  
 
12,351,546
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
The Group has no contract assets, liabilities balances, and has unbilled revenue of USD 3 million (2020: USD 0.9 million).
 
21.
Cost of sales
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Captain costs
     (47,795,494      (23,720,753      (31,287,527
Captain bonuses
     (1,083,977      (1,159,717      (2,326,497
Captain deductions
     670,472        569,008        1,209,819  
Tolls and fines
     (714,204      (2,102,242      (1,379,329
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
(48,923,203
  
 
(26,413,704
  
 
(33,783,534
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
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22.
General and administrative expenses
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Staff costs (Note 24)
     (53,269,597      (11,257,729      (4,110,436
Professional fees
     (8,775,977      (1,603,846      (1,487,090
Technology costs
     (3,783,868      (1,033,047      (708,308
Customer experience costs
     (1,856,056      (104,743      (264,903
Travel and accommodation
     (1,428,566      (394,572      (67,482
Rent expense
     (720,462      (130,532      (192,898
Expansion expenses
     (387,037      (35,704      (421,700
Depreciation of property and equipment (Note 5)
     (182,402      (123,603      (20,276
Depreciation of
right-of-use
assets (Note 19.1)
     (541,218      (363,809      (232,791
Insurance
     (521,876      (202,840      —    
Outsourced employees expense
     (437,478      (517,695      (59,242
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Entertainment
     (187,776      (39,789      (56,346
Utilities
     (271,436      (631,360      (267,445
Foreign exchange losses
     (628,061      (8,430      54,079  
Amortization of intangible assets (Note 6)
     (15,963      —          —    
Bank charges
     (8,052      (54,613      (50,450
Other expenses
     (1,703,121      (2,081,423      (2,872,249
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
(74,718,946
  
 
(18,583,735
  
 
(10,757,537
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
23.
Selling and marketing expenses
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Growth marketing expenses
     (7,948,629      (2,418,005      (3,908,499
Staff costs (Note 24)
     (3,385,887      (1,297,236      (527,210
Offline marketing expenses
     (2,217,968      (928,431      (3,542,096
Referrals
     (162,754      (83,743      (45,460
Stamp taxes on marketing activities
     —          —          (324,379
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
(13,715,238
  
 
(4,727,415
  
 
(8,347,644
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
24.
Staff costs
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Salaries and other benefits
     (22,387,850      (9,561,459      (4,204,302
Share-based payments charges (Note 13)
     (33,611,231      (2,828,995      (433,344
Employee end of service benefits
     (656,403      (164,511      —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
(56,655,484
  
 
(12,554,965
  
 
(4,637,646
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
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Staff costs are allocated as detailed below:
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
General and administrative expenses (Note 22)
     (53,269,597      (11,257,729      (4,110,436
Selling and marketing expenses (Note 23)
     (3,385,887      (1,297,236      (527,210
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
(56,655,484
  
 
(12,554,965
  
 
(4,637,646
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
25.
Other expenses, net
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Non-recoverable
VAT and other indirect taxes
     (185,304      (236,795      (49,715
Others
     8,237        (8,633      (11,585
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
(177,067
  
 
(245,428
  
 
(61,300
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
26.
Finance income
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Interest income
     128,421        546,872        303,753  
Dividend income
     53,755        42,878        53,108  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
182,176
 
  
 
589,750
 
  
 
356,861
 
Interest and dividend income are generated from the Group’s cash sweep account and short-term treasury bills as disclosed in Note 11.
 
27.
Finance cost
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives
     (44,330,400      —          —    
Interest expense on convertible notes
     (1,400,067      —          —    
Lease finance charges (Note 19.2)
     (140,184      (83,804      (70,637
Interest expense
     (2,653      —          —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
(45,873,304
  
 
(83,804
  
 
(70,637
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
28.
Taxes
 
28.1
Components of provision for income taxes
The Group did not incur income tax expenses for the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 as it has not generated taxable income. The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:
 
    
For the year ended 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Income tax benefit
     4,718,036        3,155,704        5,378,552  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
4,718,036
 
  
 
3,155,704
 
  
 
5,378,552
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
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28.2
Deferred tax asset
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes at the enacted rates. The significant components of the Group’s deferred tax assets is resulted from the carried forward tax losses from current and previous year which are expected to be recoverable once the group is able to generate taxable income in future periods. The movement of deferred tax assets during the year was as follows:
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
At 1 January
     9,913,707        6,758,003  
Additional deferred tax credit
     4,718,036        3,155,704  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
At 31 December
  
 
14,631,743
 
  
 
9,913,707
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
28.2.1
Egypt – Deferred tax asset recognised
The Group’s Egyptian subsidiary (Swvl for Smart Transport Applications and Services LLC) has incurred net taxable losses in the previous years of approximately USD 20.97 million, USD 12.2 million, USD 23.7 million and USD 4.6 million for the years ended 31 December 2021. 2020, 2019 and 2018 respectively. Management believes it is probable that the deferred tax benefit from these unused tax losses will be recoverable based on future tax plans and projected taxable profits and has accordingly recognised the amounts in these consolidated financial statements.
 
28.2.2
Deferred tax asset not recognised
The Group’s subsidiaries in Kenya, Pakistan, Jordan, Kingdom of Saudi and Spain also incurred tax losses, however Management believes that it is not probable that it will recover the deferred tax benefits of each respective country and have accordingly not considered their tax losses in the deferred tax assets calculations. These unused tax losses expire in the following manner:
 
In USD
  
Expire
within 5
years
    
Expire in
5-10
years
    
Expire in
more than
10 years
    
Total
 
Swvl Pakistan (Private) Ltd. (Pakistan)
     3,398,579        5,336,079        —       
 
8,734,658
 
Swvl NBO Limited (Kenya)
     —          —          2,852,254     
 
2,852,254
 
Swvl Technologies Ltd. (Kenya)
     —          —          3,442,662     
 
3,442,662
 
Smart Way Transportation LLC (Jordan)
     424,030        —          —       
 
424,030
 
Swvl Saudi for Information Technology (Saudi)
     —          —          619,532     
 
619,532
 
Shotl Transportation, S.L. (Spain)
     —          —          87,138     
 
87,138
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
3,822,609
 
  
 
5,336,079
 
  
 
7,001,586
 
  
 
16,160,274
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
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28.3
Relationship between tax expense and accounting profit
The tax on the Group’s loss before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the Group’s applicable tax rate as follows:
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
   
2020
   
2019
 
Loss before tax
     (146,207,433     (32,880,906     (40,637,953
Effect of unused losses*
     124,136,838       18,855,555       16,733,276  
Remeasurement of deferred tax asset
     —         (421,725     (144,092
ECL provision
     1,096,696       510,153       316,878  
Accounting depreciation
     30,517       19,412       12,381  
Tax depreciation
     (25,665     (107,840     (185,167
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Taxable losses
     (20,969,047     (14,025,351     (23,904,677
Tax rate
  
 
22.5
 
 
22.5
 
 
22.5
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
(4,718,036
 
 
(3,155,704
 
 
(5,378,552
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
*
Unused losses refer to the losses incurred in Swvl Holdings Corp and UAE, since these losses are not subject to income tax. In addition, for the losses incurred in Kenya, Pakistan, Jordan, KSA and Spain, since Management believes that it is not probable that it will recover the deferred tax benefits of each respective country, it was included within unused losses.
 
29.
Loss per share
Basic loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding ordinary shares during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed using the treasury stock method to the extent that the effect is dilutive by using the weighted-average number of outstanding ordinary shares and potential ordinary shares during the period. The numbers presented have been recasted to reflect the impact of the Conversion Ratio as discussed in Note 34.4 and applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented.
The Company’s Class A Preferred Shares, Class B Preferred Shares, Class C Preferred Shares, Class D Preferred Shares and
Class D-1
Preferred Shares being together referred to as the “Company’s Preferred Shares” together with the Company Common Shares A and the Company Common Shares B being together referred to as the “Company’s ordinary Shares”).
Potential ordinary shares which are based on the weighted-average ordinary shares underlying outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards, and other contingently issuable shares, and exchangeable notes and computed using the treasury stock method or the
if-converted
method, as applicable, are included when calculating diluted loss per share when their effect is dilutive. As at 31 December 2021, there is no dilutive effect on the basic loss per share of the Group. The computation of loss per share for the respective periods is as follows:
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD (except share information)
  
2021
    
2020
    
2019
 
Loss for the year attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company
     (141,416,132      (29,725,202      (35,259,401
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year
     85,288,745        83,500,949        65,820,793  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Loss per share – basic
  
 
(1.66
  
 
(0.36
  
 
(0.54
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Loss per share – diluted
  
 
(1.66
  
 
(0.36
  
 
(0.54
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Since the Group was in a loss position for the years ended 31 December 2021, 2020 and 2019, basic net loss per share was the same as diluted net income per share for the years presented. The potentially dilutive vested
 
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employee stock options (Note 13) and exchangeable convertible notes were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the years presented, and the issuance of such shares is contingent upon the satisfaction of certain conditions which were not yet satisfied by 31 December 2021, 2020 and 2019.
 
30.
Related party transactions and balances
Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Related parties include associates, parent, subsidiaries, and key management personnel or their close family members. The terms and conditions of these transactions have been mutually agreed between the Group and the related parties. To determine significance, the Group considers various qualitative and quantitative factors including whether transactions with related parties are conducted in the ordinary course of business.
Interest in subsidiaries:
The details of interests in the subsidiaries with whom the Group had entered into transactions or had agreements or arrangements in place during the year are disclosed in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements.
Compensation of key management personnel:
Key management personnel of the Group comprise the directors and senior management of the Group.
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Short-term employee benefits
     1,287,379        652,175  
Provision for end of service benefits
     99,487        32,399  
Share-based payments
     13,360,206        829,746  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
14,747,072
 
  
 
1,514,320
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
No. of key management
  
 
7
 
  
 
6
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Transactions with related parties:
Details of transactions with related parties during the year, other than those which have been disclosed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, are as follows:
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
(Repayment)/advances to shareholders
     (36,091      36,091  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Balances with related parties:
The following balances are outstanding at the end of the reporting period in relation to the above transactions with related parties:
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Convertible notes—key management personnel
     100,000        —    
Advances to shareholders
     —          36,091  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
The advances to shareholders outstanding at year end are unsecured, interest free, payable on demand and have been subsequently settled in cash. No impairment charge has been recognised during the year ended 2021 and 2020 in respect of amounts owed by related parties.
 
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Short-term loans to related parties:
Short term loans to related parties related to the acquisition of Shotl Transportation during the year by The Group (Note 7).
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
Sister company
     
Routebox Technologies SL
     84,039        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Shareholders of Shotl Transportation SL
     
Camina Lab SL
     323,338        —    
Marfina SL
     71,387        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
     394,725        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
478,764
 
  
 
—  
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
On 31 December 2020, Shotl transportation has entered into an agreement with a related party Routbox Technologies SL of loan facility amounted to EUR 72,636. The loan carries fixed interest rate of 1.75% per annum. The loan will mature on 6 May 2022.
On 1 May 2020, Shotl transportation has entered into an agreement with a related party Camina Lab SL of loan facility amounted to EUR 275,489. The loan carries fixed interest rate of 1.75% per annum. The loan will mature on 6 May 2022.
On 1 May 2020, Shotl transportation has entered into an agreement with a related party Marfina SL of loan facility amounted to EUR 60,000. The loan carries fixed interest rate of 1.75% per annum. The loan will mature on 6 May 2022.
 
31.
Financial instruments by category
Financial assets as per statement of financial position
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
At fair value
     
Current Financial assets
     10,000,880        —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
At amortised cost
     
Trade and other receivables
     6,603,240        2,860,116  
Advances to shareholders
     —          36,091  
Cash and cash equivalents
     9,529,723        10,348,732  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
     16,132,963        13,244,939  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
26,133,843
 
  
 
13,244,939
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
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Financial liabilities as per statement of financial position
 
    
At 31 December
 
In USD
  
2021
    
2020
 
At amortised cost
     
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables excluding
non-financial
items (i)
     19,615,435        1,414,995  
Convertible notes
     74,606,482        —    
Derivatives liabilities
     44,330,400        —    
Interest bearing loans
     397,985        —    
Loan from related party
     478,764        —    
Lease liabilities
     4,162,521        928,583  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
143,591,587
    
2,343,578
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
(i)
Non-financial
items include advances from individual customers
(e-wallets)
and advances from customers as disclosed in Note 18.
 
32.
Fair value of financial instruments
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
 
   
in the principal market for the asset or liability; or
 
   
in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible to the Group. The fair value of an asset or liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a
non-financial
asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurement are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
Level 1: quoted market price (unadjusted) in an active market for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date.
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability; either directly or indirectly.
Level 3: inputs that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The carrying amounts of the financial assets and financial liabilities approximate their fair values.
 
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The Group’s measurement of embedded derivatives are classified in Level 3 using valuation technique inputs that are not based on observable market data. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements, together with a quantitative sensitivity analysis are presented below: The significant unobservable input for valuation of embedded derivatives is the Discount for Lack of Marketability (“DLOM”) of underlying equity shares of the Parent Company. The Management has considered a DLOM of 30% for calculating the fair value of the Parent Company’s equity shares. A range of inputs are considered while concluding the DLOM for this purpose by management, which includes but not limited to, use of various put option pricing models such as the Finnerty Model, Asian Put Model and the Chaffe Model. Management also considers liquidity date assumptions, implied volatilities of a portfolio of comparable companies after making suitable necessary adjustments, among other factors to arrive at the DLOM. Management considers 20% to 36% to reflect reasonably possible range for alternative assumptions of DLOM while estimating fair value of the Parent Company’s equity shares. A change in DLOM% would have an inverse relationship to the fair value of the embedded derivative, i.e., a higher DLOM would lead to reduction in the fair value of the embedded derivative. A shift (+/-) of 1% in DLOM would therefore change the fair value (inversely) of the embedded derivative by USD 0.80 million with the resultant impact on the statement of profit or loss.
 
33.
Segment information
Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. As such, the Group has determined that it operates as one reportable segment.
The Group operates in multiple geographical locations namely in Egypt, Kenya, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Saudi, Jordan and Malaysia. The Parent Company is domiciled in British Virgin Islands.
 
34.
Subsequent events
 
34.1
Changes to PIPE
On 12 January 2022, the Group issued convertible note for an amount of $20 million to a PIPE investor as
pre-funded
subscription. The convertible note shall be exchanged for a number of new Swvl’s Common Shares A at an exchange price of $9.10 per share. Upon the issuance of the exchangeable notes, the amount
pre-funded
by the PIPE investor reduces their remaining respective commitment in the PIPE. This note doesn’t bear interest.
On 30 January 2022, following the termination of the forward purchase agreement between SPAC and an investor, the Group terminated the subscription agreement in the amount of $2 million with the same investor.
On 31 January 2022, the Group has entered into a new convertible note agreement with an investor increasing the PIPE by USD 1 million as
pre-funded
subscription. The convertible note shall be exchanged for a number of new Swvl’s Common Shares A at an exchange price of $9.10 per share. Upon the issuance of the exchangeable notes, the amount
pre-funded
by the PIPE investor reduces their remaining respective commitment in the PIPE. This note doesn’t bear interest.
On 11 March 2022, the Group issued convertible notes for an amount of $1.8 million and to a PIPE investor as
pre-funded
subscription. The convertible note shall be exchanged for a number of new Swvl’s Common Shares A at an exchange price of $9.10 per share. Upon the issuance of the exchangeable notes, the amount
pre-funded
by the PIPE investor reduces their remaining respective commitment in the PIPE. This note doesn’t bear interest.
On 23 March 2022, the Group issued convertible note for an amount of $2.7 million $0.9 million to PIPE investors as
pre-funded
subscription. The convertible notes shall be exchanged for a number of new Swvl’s
 
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Common Shares A at an exchange price of $9.10 per share. Upon the issuance of the exchangeable notes, the amount
pre-funded
by the PIPE investor reduces their remaining respective commitment in the PIPE. These notes don’t bear interest.
 
34.2
Acquisition of controlling interest in an Argentina-based mass transit platform provider
On 14 January 2022, the Group acquired a 51% controlling interest in Viapool Inc, (“Viapool”) a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, pursuant to the signed stock purchase agreement. Viapool is engaged in the development, implementation and commercialization of new mobility and transport systems, including different services and connecting travellers with buses and private cars in Argentina.
The total value of the purchase consideration is approximately $4.5 million in cash and shares as follows:
 
   
$1 million in cash, paid by the Group at closing date of the acquisition;
 
   
$0.5 million in new Swvl’s Common Shares A or in cash if the
de-SPAC
process has been definitively terminated;
 
   
$2.5 million in cash, payable ten business days counted as from the earlier of (a) March 31, 2022, or (b) the Completion of the
de-SPAC
process; and
 
   
Maximum of $0.5 million in cash, payable subject to achieving certain revenue level as outlined in the stock purchase agreement.
The Company still assessing the accounting treatment and fair value of net assets acquired in relation to the acquired controlling interest.
 
34.3
Enter into Sale and Purchase agreement of Door2Door GMBH
On March 24, 2022, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire a controlling interest in Door2DoorGmbH, a high-growth mobility operations platform that partners with municipalities, public transit operators, corporations, and automotive companies to optimize shared mobility solutions across Europe. The closing of the door2door transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and is expected to be completed in by June 30, 2022.
 
34.4
Consummated reverse recapitalization with Queen’s Gambit
On March 31, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated a business combination (the “Closing”) with Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital, a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability (“Queen’s Gambit”), where Queen’s Gambit merged through multiple transactions with a wholly owned subsidiary of Swvl Holdings Corp.
As a result of the Mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, the merged Queen’s Gambit Surviving Company and Swvl Inc. will each become wholly owned subsidiaries of Swvl Holdings Corp (Formerly known as “Pivotal Holdings Corp”), a British Virgin Islands business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands.
Swvl Holdings Corp articles authorize the issuance of up to 555,000,000 shares, consisting of (a) 500,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares and (b) 55,000,000 preferred shares. All outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares are fully paid and
non-assessable.
To the extent they are issued, certificates representing Class A Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form. All options, regardless of grant dates, will entitle holders to an equivalent number of Class A Ordinary Shares once the vesting and exercising conditions are met.
At the closing date, Pivotal Holdings Corp changed its name to Swvl Holdings Corp and the securityholders of Queen’s Gambit and Swvl, Inc. will become securityholders of Swvl Holdings Corp (“New Swvl”). Subsequent to the closing of the Business Combination, there were 118,496,102 Class A Ordinary Shares with par value of
 
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$0.0001 per share that were outstanding and issued. There are also 17,433,333 Warrants outstanding, each exercisable at $11.50 per one Class A Ordinary Share, of which 11,500,000 are public warrants (“Public Warrants”) listed on Nasdaq and 5,933,333 private placement warrants (“Private Warrants”).
Pursuant to the terms of the business combination agreement, at the closing date, among other things, each shareholder of Swvl’s outstanding a) Common Shares A, b) Common Shares B”) and c) Class A, B, C, D and
D-1
preferred shares shall receive approximately 1,509.963 shares of new Swvl’s common shares A and the contingent right to receive certain Earnout Shares (as defined below), for each share of the Company’s common shares, par value $0.0001 per share in exchange of original shares.
Concurrently at the closing date, each outstanding and unexercised option (vested or not) to purchase Swvl’s Common Shares B (each, a “Swvl Option”), were converted to an option to purchase approximately 1,509.963 (“Conversion Ratio”) new Swvl’s common Shares A and the contingent right to receive certain Earnout restricted Stock Units (“Earnout RSUs”) at an exercise price per option equal to (x) the exercise price per option divided by (y) the Exchange Ratio.
In addition, pursuant to the terms of the business combination agreement, at the closing date, each outstanding Queen’s Gambit Warrant were automatically assumed and converted into a new Warrant to acquire new Swvl’s Common Share A, subject to the same terms and conditions (including exercisability terms) as were applicable to the corresponding former Queen’s Gambit Warrants.
During the time period between the Closing Date and the five-year anniversary of the Closing Date (“Earnout Period”), Eligible Swvl Shareholders may receive up to 15 million additional shares of New Swvl’s Common Shares A (the “Earnout Shares”) in the aggregate in three equal tranches of 5 million shares if the volume-weighted average closing sale price of our Common Stock is greater than or equal to $12.50, $15.00 and $17.50 for any 20 trading days within any 30 consecutive trading day period (“Trigger Events”) (or an earlier Change of Control event).
Effective Time, which will be subject to potential forfeiture, and which will be able to be settled in Holdings Common Shares A upon the occurrence of the applicable Earnout Triggering Events (or an earlier Change of Control event).
The portion of such Holdings Common Shares A issuable to Eligible Swvl Shareholders who hold Swvl Options will instead be issued to such holders as Earnout RSUs at the Company Merger
In addition and concurrently with the Closing, PIPE investors purchased and/or automatically converted an existing Swvl exchangeable notes to an aggregate of 12,188,711 shares of New Swvl’s Common Shares with an aggregate proceeds of $111.5 million.
The Company’s Common Stock and Public Warrants have commenced trading on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “SWVL” and “SWVLW” on March 31, 2022, subject to ongoing review of the Company’s satisfaction of all listing criteria following the Business Combination.
During the year, the Group has incurred costs related to the transaction between the Parent Company and Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital of $7,355,404 (2020: $0). The incurred costs include registration and other regulatory fees, amounts paid to legal, accounting and other professional advisers.
 
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of
Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital (the “Company”), as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related statement of operations, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the period from December 9, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the period from December 9, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements
As described in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company’s previously issued January 22, 2021 financial statement has been restated herein to correct certain misstatements.
Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, if the Company is unable to raise additional funds to alleviate liquidity needs and complete a business combination by January 22, 2023 then the Company will cease all operations except for the purpose of liquidating. The liquidity condition and date for mandatory liquidation and subsequent dissolution raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.
New York, New York
March 30, 2022
PCAOB ID Number 100
 
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QUEEN’S GAMBIT GROWTH CAPITAL
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
    
December 31,
2021
   
December 31,
2020
 
Assets
    
Current assets:
    
Cash
   $ 674,711     $ —  
Due from related party
     25,848       —    
Prepaid expenses
     520,270       —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total current assets
     1,220,829       —    
Deferred offering costs
     —         280,543  
Investments held in Trust Account
     345,092,122       —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total Assets
  
$
346,312,951
 
 
$
280,543
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Liabilities, Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption and Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit):
    
Current liabilities:
    
Accounts payable
   $ 789,005     $ 10,000  
Accrued expenses
     7,430,257       189,513  
Note payable—related party
     —         67,543  
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total current liabilities
     8,219,262       267,056  
Deferred underwriting commissions
     9,996,000       —    
Derivative warrant liabilities
     33,813,310       —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
     52,028,572       267,056  
Commitments and Contingencies
    
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, $0.0001 par value; 34,500,000 shares and 0 shares at a $10.00 per share redemption value for December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively
     345,000,000       —    
Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)
    
Preference shares, $0.0001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020
     —         —    
Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; no non- redeemable issued or outstanding
     —         —    
Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 8,625,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020
     863       863  
Additional
paid-in
capital
     —         24,137  
Accumulated deficit
     (50,716,484     (11,513
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)
     (50,715,621     13,487  
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total Liabilities, Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption and Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)
  
$
346,312,951
 
 
$
280,543
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
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QUEEN’S GAMBIT GROWTH CAPITAL
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
    
For the Year
Ended
December 31,
2021
   
For The
Period From
December 9,
2020
(Inception)
Through
December 31,
2020
 
General and administrative expenses
   $ 9,537,064     $ 11,513  
General and administrative expense—related party
     200,000       —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Loss from operations
     (9,737,064     (11,513
Other Income (expenses)
    
Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities
     (8,856,310     —    
Financing costs—derivative warrant liabilities
     (488,173     —    
Loss on issuance of private placement warrants
     (6,052,000     —    
Interest Income
     136       —    
Income from investments held in the Trust Account
     92,122       —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net loss
     (25,041,289     (11,513
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding, Class A ordinary shares, basic and diluted
     32,515,068       —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share, Class A
   $ (0.61   $ —  
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding, Class B ordinary shares, basic and diluted
     8,560,274       7,500,000  
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share, Class B
   $ (0.61   $ —  
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
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QUEEN’S GAMBIT GROWTH CAPITAL
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
 
    
Ordinary Shares
    
Additional
Paid-in

Capital
   
Accumulated
Deficit
   
Total
Shareholders’
Equity (Deficit)
 
    
Class A
    
Class B
 
    
Shares
    
Amount
    
Shares
    
Amount
 
Balance—December 31, 2020
     —       
$
—  
       8,625,000     
$
863
 
  
$
24,137
 
 
$
(11,513
 
$
13,487
 
Accretion of Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption amount
     —          —          —          —          (24,137     (25,663,682     (25,687,819
Net loss
     —          —          —          —          —         (25,041,289     (25,041,289
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance—December 31, 2021
  
 
—  
 
  
$
—  
       8,625,000     
$
863
 
  
$
—  
   
$
(50,716,484
 
$
(50,715,621
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
For The Period From December 9, 2020 (Inception) Through December 31, 2020
 
    
Ordinary Shares
    
Additional
Paid-in

Capital
    
Accumulated
Deficit
   
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 
    
Class A
    
Class B
 
    
Shares
    
Amount
    
Shares
    
Amount
 
Balance—December 9, 2020 (inception)
     —       
$
—  
       —       
$
—  
    
$
—  
    
$
—  
   
$
—  
 
Issuance of Class B ordinary shares to Sponsor
     —          —          8,625,000        863        24,137        —         25,000  
Net loss
     —          —          —          —          —          (11,513     (11,513
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance—December 31, 2020
  
 
—  
 
  
$
—  
       8,625,000     
$
863
 
  
$
24,137
 
  
$
(11,513
 
$
13,487
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
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QUEEN’S GAMBIT GROWTH CAPITAL
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 
    
For the Year
Ended
December 31,
2021
   
For The
Period
From
December 9,
2020
(Inception)
Through
December 31,
2020
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
    
Net loss
   $ (25,041,289   $ (11,513
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
    
General and administrative expenses paid by related party under note payable
     209       —    
Change in the fair value of derivative liabilities
     8,856,310       —    
Loss on issuance of private placement warrants
     6,052,000       —    
Due from related party
     (25,848     —    
Income from investments held in the Trust Account
     (92,122     —    
Financing cost—derivative warrant liabilities
     488,173       —    
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
    
Prepaid expenses
     (520,270     —    
Accounts payable
     826,005       —    
Accrued expenses
     7,311,744       11,513  
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net cash used in operating activities
     (2,145,088     —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
    
Cash deposited in Trust Account
     (345,000,000     —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net cash used in investing activities
     (345,000,000     —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
    
Repayment of note payable to related party
     (90,786     —    
Proceeds received from initial public offering, gross
     345,000,000       —    
Proceeds received from private placement
     8,900,000       —    
Offering costs paid
     (5,989,415     —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net cash provided by financing activities
     347,819,799       —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net change in cash
     674,711       —    
Cash—beginning of the period
     —         —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Cash—end of the period
  
$
674,711
 
 
$
—  
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure of
non-cash
investing and financing activities:
    
Offering costs included in accounts payable
   $ —     $ 10,000  
Offering costs included in accrued expenses
   $ 70,000     $ 178,000  
Offering costs paid by related party under promissory note
   $ 23,034     $ 67,543  
Deferred offering costs paid in exchange for issuance of Class B ordinary shares to Sponsor
   $ —     $ 25,000  
Deferred underwriting commissions
   $ 9,996,000     $ —  
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
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Note 1—Description of Organization, Business Operations and Basis of Presentation
Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital (the “Company” or “SPAC”) was incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company on December 9, 2020. The Company was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses (the “Business Combination”). The Company is an emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with emerging growth companies.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had not commenced any operations. All activity for the period from December 9, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 relates to the Company’s formation and the initial public offering (the “Initial Public Offering”) described below. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of its initial Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company has selected December 31 as its fiscal year end.
The Company’s sponsor is Queen’s Gambit Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”). The registration statement for the Company’s Initial Public Offering was declared effective on January 19, 2021. On January 22, 2021, the Company consummated its Initial Public Offering of 34,500,000 units (the “Units” and, with respect to the Class A ordinary shares included in the Units being offered, the “Public Shares”), including 4,500,000 additional Units to cover over-allotments (the “Over-Allotment Units”), at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $345.0 million, and incurring offering costs of approximately $16.2 million, of which approximately $10.0 million was for deferred underwriting commissions (Note 6).
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the private placement (“Private Placement”) of 5,933,333 warrants (each, a “Private Placement Warrant” and collectively, the “Private Placement Warrants”), at a price of $1.50 per Private Placement Warrant with the Sponsor, generating gross proceeds of $8.9 million (Note 5).
Upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement, $345.0 million ($10.00 per Unit) of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and certain of the proceeds of the Private Placement were placed in a trust account (“Trust Account”), located in the United States, with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as trustee, and will be invested only in United States “government securities” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”) having a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule
2a-7
promulgated under the Investment Company Act that invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations, until the earlier of: (i) the completion of a Business Combination and (ii) the distribution of the Trust Account as described below.
The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of Private Placement Warrants, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally toward consummating a Business Combination. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to complete a Business Combination successfully. The Company must complete one or more initial Business Combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the assets held in the Trust Account (excluding the deferred underwriting commissions and taxes payable on income earned on the Trust Account) at the time of the agreement to enter into the initial Business Combination. However, the Company will only complete a Business Combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
The Company will provide the holders of its Public Shares (the “Public Shareholders”), with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares upon the completion of a Business Combination either (i) in connection with a shareholder meeting called to approve the Business Combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether the Company will seek shareholder approval of a Business Combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by the Company, solely in its discretion.
 
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The Public Shareholders will be entitled to redeem their Public Shares for a pro rata portion of the amount then in the Trust Account (initially anticipated to be $10.00 per Public Share). The
per-share
amount to be distributed to Public Shareholders who redeem their Public Shares will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commissions the Company will pay to the underwriters (as discussed in Note 5). These Public Shares will be classified as temporary equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” In such case, the Company will proceed with a Business Combination if the Company has net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 and the approval of an ordinary resolution. If a shareholder vote is not required by law and the Company does not decide to hold a shareholder vote for business or other legal reasons, the Company will, pursuant to its Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (the “Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association”), conduct the redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing a Business Combination. If, however, shareholder approval of the transactions is required by law, or the Company decides to obtain shareholder approval for business or legal reasons, the Company will offer to redeem shares in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to the proxy rules and not pursuant to the tender offer rules. Additionally, each Public Shareholder may elect to redeem their Public Shares irrespective of whether they vote for or against the proposed transaction. If the Company seeks shareholder approval in connection with a Business Combination, the Initial Shareholders (as defined below) agreed to vote their Founder Shares (as defined below in Note 5) and any Public Shares purchased during or after the Initial Public Offering in favor of a Business Combination. Subsequent to the consummation of the Initial Public Offering, the Company will adopt an insider trading policy which will require insiders to: (i) refrain from purchasing shares during certain blackout periods and when they are in possession of any material
non-public
information and (ii) to clear all trades with the Company’s legal counsel prior to execution. In addition, the Initial Shareholders agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to their Founder Shares and Public Shares in connection with the completion of a Business Combination.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association will provide that a Public Shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 20% or more of the Class A ordinary shares sold in the Initial Public Offering, without the prior consent of the Company.
The Company’s Sponsor, officers and directors (the “Initial Shareholders”) agreed not to propose an amendment to the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (i) that would modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to allow redemption in connection with the initial Business Combination or to redeem 100% of its Public Shares if the Company does not complete a Business Combination within 24 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering, or January 22, 2023, (the “Combination Period”) or (ii) with respect to any other provision relating to shareholders’ rights or
pre-initial
Business Combination activity, unless the Company provides the Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Class A ordinary shares in conjunction with any such amendment.
If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the Company will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the Public Shares, at a
per-share
price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest (which interest shall be net of taxes payable and up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then issued and outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish Public Shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any) and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the remaining shareholders and the board of directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), to the Company’s
 
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obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and in all cases subject to the other requirements of applicable law.
The Initial Shareholders agreed to waive their liquidation rights with respect to the Founder Shares if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. However, if the Initial Shareholders or members of the Company’s management team acquire Public Shares in or after the Initial Public Offering, they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to such Public Shares if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. The underwriters agreed to waive their rights to its deferred underwriting commission (see Note 5) held in the Trust Account in the event the Company does not complete a Business Combination within in the Combination Period and, in such event, such amounts will be included with the other funds held in the Trust Account that will be available to fund the redemption of the Public Shares. In the event of such distribution, it is possible that the per share value of the residual assets remaining available for distribution (including Trust Account assets) will be only $10.00 per share initially held in the Trust Account. In order to protect the amounts held in the Trust Account, the Sponsor agreed to be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by a vendor for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or a prospective target business with which the Company has discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account. This liability will not apply with respect to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the Trust Account or to any claims under the Company’s indemnity of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Moreover, in the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third party claims. The Company will seek to reduce the possibility that the Sponsor will have to indemnify the Trust Account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers (except for the Company’s independent registered accounting firm), prospective target businesses or other entities with which the Company does business, execute agreements with the Company waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the Trust Account.
Proposed Business Combination
On July 28, 2021, SPAC, Swvl Inc., a British Virgin Islands business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Swvl”), Pivotal Holdings Corp, a British Virgin Islands business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands and wholly owned subsidiary of Swvl (“Holdings”), Pivotal Merger Sub Company I, a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability and wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings (“Cayman Merger Sub”), and Pivotal Merger Sub Company II Limited, a British Virgin Islands business company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands and wholly owned subsidiary of SPAC (“BVI Merger Sub”), entered into a business combination agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, (a) in accordance with the Cayman Islands Companies Act (As Revised) (the “Cayman Companies Act”), SPAC will merge with and into Cayman Merger Sub (the “SPAC Merger”), with Cayman Merger Sub surviving the SPAC Merger (Cayman Merger Sub, in its capacity as the surviving company of the SPAC Merger, is sometimes referred to herein as, and from and after the SPAC Merger shall mean, the “SPAC Surviving Company”) and becoming the sole owner of all of the issued and outstanding shares of $1.00 par value per share of BVI Merger Sub (each, a “BVI Merger Sub Common Share”), (b) concurrently with the consummation of the SPAC Merger, and subject to the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004 (as amended, the “BVI Companies Act”), Holdings will redeem each Class A ordinary share, par value $0.0001, of Holdings (each, a “Holdings Common Share A”) and each Class B ordinary share, par value $0.0001, of Holdings (each, a “Holdings Common Share B”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the SPAC Merger for par value (the “Holdings Redemption”), (c) following the SPAC Merger and subject to the Cayman Companies Act and the BVI Companies Act, the SPAC Surviving Company will distribute all of the issued and outstanding BVI Merger Sub Common Shares to Holdings (the “BVI Merger Sub Distribution”), (d) following the BVI Merger Sub Distribution, in accordance with the BVI Companies Act, BVI Merger Sub will merge with and into Swvl (the “Swvl Merger”, and together with the
 
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SPAC Merger, the “Mergers”), with Swvl surviving the Swvl Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings (Swvl, in its capacity as the surviving company of the Swvl Merger, is sometimes referred to herein as, and from and after the Swvl Merger shall mean, the “Surviving Subsidiary Company”). The transactions contemplated in the Business Combination Agreement, together with the other transactions related thereto, are referred to herein as the “Proposed Transaction.” References herein to “SPAC” shall refer to Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital for all periods prior to completion of the SPAC Merger and to the SPAC Surviving Company for all periods after completion of the SPAC Merger.
At the effective time of the SPAC Merger (the “SPAC Merger Effective Time”)
 
  a)
by virtue of the SPAC Merger and without any action on the part of SPAC, Cayman Merger Sub, BVI Merger Sub, the Company, Holdings or the holders of any of the following securities:
 
  i.
each ordinary share of Cayman Merger Sub, par value $1.00 per share, issued and outstanding immediately prior to the SPAC Merger Effective Time will be automatically converted into one share of the SPAC Surviving Company, which will constitute the only outstanding shares of the SPAC Surviving Company;
 
  ii.
each Class A ordinary share of SPAC issued and outstanding immediately prior to the SPAC Merger Effective Time will be automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive one Holdings Common Share A; and
 
  iii.
each Class B ordinary share of SPAC, will be automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive one Holdings Common Share B;
 
  b)
each fraction of or whole warrant to purchase SPAC Class A Ordinary Shares (each, a “SPAC Warrant”) issued, outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the SPAC Merger Effective Time will be automatically assumed and converted into a fraction or whole warrant, as the case may be, to acquire (in the case of a whole warrant) one Holdings Common Share A, subject to the same terms and conditions (including exercisability terms) as were applicable to the corresponding former warrants of SPAC (each such resulting warrant, a “Holdings Warrant”); and
 
  c)
without duplication of the foregoing, each unit of SPAC, comprised of one SPAC Class A Ordinary Share and
one-third
of one SPAC Warrant, existing and outstanding immediately prior to the SPAC Merger Effective Time will be automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into one unit of Holdings, comprised of one Holdings Common Share A and
one-third
of one Holdings Warrant.
In connection with the Proposed Transaction, we filed our registration statement on Form
F-4
(File No. 333-259800),
as amended from time to time, with the SEC, by Holdings, on September 27, 2021 and were declared effective on March 15, 2022. A definitive prospectus/proxy statement on Form DEF 14A (File
No. 001-39908)
was filed by the Company with the SEC on March 15, 2022.
Business Combination Agreement Amendments
On January 31, 2022, the Company, Swvl, Holdings, Cayman Merger Sub and BVI Merger Sub
entered into the First Amendment to the Business Combination Agreement (the “First Amendment”), pursuant to which, subject to terms and conditions therein, the parties thereto amended certain terms therein. Further, on March 3, 2022, the Company, Swvl, Holdings, Cayman Merger Sub and BVI Merger Sub entered into the Second Amendment to the Business Combination Agreement (the “Second Amendment”), pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions therein, the parties thereto extended the Outside Date (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) to May 31, 2022.
Forward Purchase Agreement and FPA Termination Agreement
On November 15, 2021, the Company and ACM ARRT VII B, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Seller”), entered into an agreement (the “Forward Purchase Agreement”) for an OTC Equity Prepaid Forward
 
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Transaction (the “Forward Purchase Transaction”) with respect to the Company’s Class A ordinary shares and the Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001, of Holdings, (“Holdings Common Shares A”) into which such Class A ordinary shares of the Company were to be converted in the Proposed Transactions. The Forward Purchase Agreement was subsequently terminated pursuant to that certain Termination Agreement dated and effective as of January 30, 2022 (“FPA Termination Agreement”), whereby the parties agreed that no further payments or deliveries are due by either party in respect of the Forward Purchase transaction (whether in cash, shares or otherwise) and agreed to release each other from any and all liabilities arising from, related to or in connection with the Forward Purchase Agreement, including with respect to Seller’s redemption rights. As a result of the termination of the Forward Purchase Agreement and pursuant to that FPA Termination Agreement, the Forward Purchase Agreement is of no further force and effect.
Subscription Agreement and Subscription Termination Agreement
On November 15, 2021, the Company, Swvl, and Holdings, entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”), with an investor affiliated with the Seller (the “Subscriber”), pursuant to which the Subscriber agreed to purchase, and Holdings agreed to sell to the Subscriber, an aggregate of 200,000 newly issued Holdings Common Shares A for a purchase price of $10.00 per share and an aggregate purchase price of $2,000,000, in a private placement. The Subscription Agreement was entered into separately from and independently of the prior subscription agreements entered into by and between the Company, Swvl, Holdings, and a number of investors on July 28, 2021. On January 30, 2022, the Company, Swvl, Holdings, and the Subscriber entered into an agreement to terminate the Subscription Agreement (the “Subscription Termination Agreement”) effective as of such date. As a result of the termination of the Subscription Agreement pursuant to the Subscription Termination Agreement, the Subscription Agreement is of no further force and effect.
PIPE Subscription Agreements
In connection with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, SPAC, Holdings and, in some cases, the Company entered into subscription agreements (collectively, the “
PIPE Subscription Agreements
”) with a number of investors (collectively, the “
PIPE Investors
”), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, and Holdings agreed to sell to the PIPE Investors, an aggregate of up to 10 million newly issued Holdings Common Shares A for a purchase price of $10.00 per share (the “
Acquired Shares
”) in a private placement (the “
Private Placement
”) for an aggregate purchase price of $100 million (the “
PIPE Subscription Amount
”).
The closing of the sale of the Acquired Shares pursuant to the PIPE Subscription Agreements will take place substantially concurrently with the Closing and is contingent upon, among other customary closing conditions, the subsequent consummation of the Proposed Transactions.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, certain of the PIPE Investors have preliminarily agreed to
pre-fund
the Company with up to $35 million of the aggregate PIPE Subscription Amount by purchasing exchangeable notes from the Company prior to the Closing (the “
Company Exchangeable Notes
”). Pursuant to the terms of the PIPE Subscription Agreements entered into with such PIPE Investors, such PIPE Investors, Holdings and the Company are required to cooperate in good faith to negotiate and execute definitive documentation in respect of such Company Exchangeable Notes within ten business days following the date of the PIPE Subscription Agreements. Upon the issuance of a Company Exchangeable Note to any such PIPE Investor, the PIPE Subscription Amount of such PIPE Investor shall be reduced by the purchase price of such Company Exchangeable Note. At the Closing, each Company Exchangeable Note will be automatically exchanged into Holdings Common Shares A at an exchange price of $8.50 per share. The issuance of the Company Exchangeable Notes will not be registered under the Securities Act in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
The Proposed Transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and is further described in the Company’s Current Report on Form
8-K
filed with the SEC on July 28, 2021. The Business Combination
 
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Agreement and the form of PIPE Subscription Agreement are included with the Current Report on Form
8-K
filing and the
8-K
filed with the SEC on November 15, 2021.
Liquidity and Going Concern
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $675,000 its operating bank account and working capital deficit of approximately $7.0 million.
In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with FASB ASC
205-40,
“Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern” management has determined that if the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination by January 23, 2023, then the Company will cease all operations except for the purpose of liquidating. The date for mandatory liquidation and subsequent dissolution as well as the Company’s working capital deficit raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. No adjustments have been made to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities should the Company be required to liquidate after the Combination Period. The Company intends to complete a Business Combination before the mandatory liquidation date.
Note 2—Restatement of Previously Reported Financial Statement
In preparation of the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company concluded it should restate its previously issued audited balance sheet as of January 22, 2021 as reported in the Company’s Form
8-K
for the audited balance sheet as of January 22, 2021
(“Post-IPO
Balance Sheet”) to classify all Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption in temporary equity and to classify its outstanding warrants as liabilities.
In accordance with ASC
480-10-S99,
redemption provisions not solely within the control of the Company, require ordinary shares subject to redemption to be classified outside of permanent equity. The Company had previously classified a portion of its Class A ordinary shares in permanent equity, or total shareholders’ equity. Although the Company did not specify a maximum redemption threshold, its Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association currently provides that, the Company will not redeem its public shares in an amount that would cause its net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001. Previously, the Company did not consider redeemable shares classified as temporary equity as part of net tangible assets. Effective with these financial statements, the Company restated this interpretation to include temporary equity in net tangible assets.
Additionally, the Company reevaluated the accounting treatment of (i) the 11,500,000 warrants (the “Public Warrants”) that were included in the units issued by the Company in its Initial Public Offering and (ii) the 5,933,333 Private Placement Warrants that were issued to the Company’s sponsor in a private placement that closed concurrently with the closing of the Initial Public Offering (together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”). The Company previously classified the Warrants in shareholders’ equity. In further consideration of the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”), the Company concluded that a provision in the warrant agreement related to certain tender or exchange offers precludes the Warrants from being accounted for as components of equity. As the Warrants meet the definition of a derivative as contemplated in ASC 815, the Warrants should be recorded as derivative liabilities on the balance sheet and measured at fair value at inception (on the date of the Initial Public Offering) and at each subsequent reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized in income and losses.
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 340, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs,” as a result of the classification of the Warrants as derivative liabilities, the Company expensed a portion of the offering costs originally recorded as a reduction in equity. The portion of offering costs that was expensed was determined based on the relative fair value of the Public Warrants and Class A ordinary shares included in the Units.
In accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 99, “Materiality,” and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in
 
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Current Year Financial Statements,” the Company evaluated the corrections and has determined that the related impact was material to the previously filed financial statement that contained the error, reported in the Company’s Form
8-K
for the audited balance sheet as of January 22, 2021. Therefore, the Company, in consultation with its Audit Committee, concluded that the
Post-IPO
Balance Sheet should be restated to present all Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption as temporary equity and to recognize accretion from the initial book value to redemption value at the time of its Initial Public Offering, and to classify all outstanding Warrants as liabilities. As such, the Company is reporting the restatements to the
Post-IPO
Balance Sheet in this annual report. The previously presented
Post-IPO
Balance Sheet should no longer be relied upon.
The impact of the restatement to the
Post-IPO
Balance Sheet is the reclassification of 2,495,700 Class A ordinary shares from permanent equity to Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption and reclassification of approximately $25.0 million of Warrants as liabilities as presented below:
 
    
As of January 22, 2021
 
`
  
As Previously
Reported
    
Restatement
Adjustment
    
As Restated
 
Balance Sheet
        
Total assets
   $ 348,214,800      $ —      $ 348,214,800  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Liabilities, Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption and shareholders’ equity
        
Total current liabilities
   $ 489,478      $ —      $ 489,478  
Deferred underwriting commissions
     9,996,000        —          9,996,000  
Derivative warrant liabilities
     —          24,957,000        24,957,000  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total liabilities
     10,485,478        24,957,000        35,442,478  
Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value; shares subject to possible redemption
     332,729,320        12,270,680        345,000,000  
Shareholders’ equity
        
Preferred stock—$0.0001 par value
     —          —          —    
Class A ordinary shares—$0.0001 par value
     123        (123      —    
Class B ordinary shares—$0.0001 par value
     863        —          863  
Additional
paid-in-capital
     5,037,397        (5,037,397      —    
Accumulated deficit
     (38,381      (32,190,160      (32,228,541
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total shareholders’ equity
     5,000,002        (37,227,680      (32,227,678
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total liabilities, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption
and shareholders’ equity
   $ 348,214,800      $ —      $ 348,214,800  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Shares of Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption
     33,272,932        1,227,068        34,500,000  
Shares of Class A
non-redeemable
ordinary shares
     1,227,068        (1,227,068      —    
Note 3—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.
 
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Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to
non-emerging
growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard.
This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company that is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the consolidated financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no cash equivalents.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash accounts in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage limit of $250,000, and any cash held in the Trust Account. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such accounts.
Investments Held in the Trust Account
The Company’s portfolio of investments is comprised of U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act, with a maturity of 185 days or less, or investments in
 
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money market funds that invest in U.S. government securities and generally have a readily determinable fair value, or a combination thereof. When the Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are comprised of U.S. government securities, the investments are classified as trading securities. When the Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are comprised of money market funds, the investments are recognized at fair value. Trading securities and investments in money market funds are presented on the balance sheets at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Gains and losses resulting from the change in fair value of these securities is included in income from investments held in the Trust Account in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. The estimated fair values of investments held in the Trust Account are determined using available market information.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under the FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements”, approximates the carrying amounts represented in the balance sheet, primarily due to their short-term nature.
Fair Value of Financial Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers consist of:
 
   
Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets;
 
   
Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and
 
   
Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and
In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Derivative Warrant Liabilities
The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge its exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. Management evaluates all of the Company’s financial instruments, including issued warrants to purchase its Class A ordinary shares, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives, pursuant to ASC 480 and FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is
re-assessed
at the end of each reporting period.
The Public Warrants and the Private Placement Warrants are recognized as derivative liabilities in accordance with ASC 815. Accordingly, the Company recognized the warrant instruments as liabilities at fair value and adjusts the carrying value of the instruments to fair value at each reporting period until they are exercised. The fair value of the Public Warrants issued in connection with the Initial Public Offering were initially measured at fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation model, and subsequently measured by their listed
 
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trading price. The initial and subsequent fair value of the Private Placement Warrants was estimated using a Modified Black-Scholes model. The determination of the fair value of the warrant liabilities may be subject to change as more current information becomes available and accordingly the actual results could differ significantly. Derivative warrant liabilities are classified as
non-current
liabilities as their liquidation is not reasonably expected to require the use of current assets or require the creation of current liabilities.
Offering Costs Associated with the Initial Public Offering
Offering costs consisted of legal, accounting, underwriting fees and other costs incurred that were directly related to the Initial Public Offering. Offering costs are allocated to the separable financial instruments issued in the Initial Public Offering based on a relative fair value basis, compared to total proceeds received. Offering costs associated with warrant liabilities are expensed as incurred, presented as
non-operating
expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Offering costs associated with the Public Shares were charged against the carrying value of Class A ordinary shares upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering. Of the total offering costs of the Initial Public Offering, approximately $0.5 million is included in financing cost-derivative warrant liabilities in the consolidated statements of operations and $15.7 million were charged against the carrying value of Class A ordinary shares. The Company classifies deferred underwriting commissions as
non-current
liabilities as their liquidation is not reasonably expected to require the use of current assets or require the creation of current liabilities.
Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company accounts for its Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 480. Class A ordinary shares subject to mandatory redemption (if any) are classified as liability instruments and are measured at fair value. Shares of conditionally redeemable Class A ordinary shares (including Class A ordinary shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, Class A ordinary shares are classified as shareholders’ equity. The Company’s Class A ordinary shares feature certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to the occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, as of the Initial Public Offering, 34,500,000 Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ equity section of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of the Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Effective with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount, which resulted in charges against additional
paid-in
capital (to the extent available) and accumulated deficit.
Income Taxes
FASB ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. There were no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the Company’s only major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. No amounts were accrued for the payment of interest and penalties as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.
There is currently no taxation imposed on income by the Government of the Cayman Islands. In accordance with Cayman Islands income tax regulations, income taxes are not levied on the Company. Consequently,
 
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income taxes are not reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s management does not expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next twelve months.
Net Income (Loss) Per Ordinary Share
The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share.” The Company has two classes of ordinary shares, which are referred to as Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Income and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of ordinary shares. Net income (loss) per ordinary share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average ordinary shares outstanding for the respective period.
The calculation of diluted net income per ordinary share does not consider the effect of the warrants issued in connection with the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement to purchase an aggregate of 17,433,333 Class A ordinary shares in the calculation of diluted income per share, because their exercise is contingent upon future events, and their inclusion would be anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method. As a result, diluted net income (loss) per share is the same as basic net income (loss) per share for the year ended December 31, 2021. Accretion associated with the redeemable Class A ordinary shares is excluded from earnings per share as the redemption value approximates fair value.
The following tables reflects presents a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used to compute basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for each class of ordinary shares:
 
    
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2021
 
    
Class A
    
Class B
 
Net loss per ordinary share:
     
Numerator:
     
Allocation of net loss
   $ (19,822,579    $ (5,218,710
Denominator:
     
Basic and diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding
     32,515,068        8,560,274  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share
   $ (0.61    $ (0.61
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
    
For the Period from
December 9, 2020 (inception)
Through December 31, 2020
 
    
Class A
    
Class B
 
Net loss per ordinary share:
     
Numerator:
     
Allocation of net loss
   $ —      $ (11,513
Denominator:
     
Basic and diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding
     —          7,500,000  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share
   $ —      $ (0.00
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2020-06,
Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic
470-20)
and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic
815-40):
Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity
(“ASU
2020-06”),
which
 
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simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. ASU
2020-06
also removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity-linked contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and it simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. The Company adopted ASU
2020-06
on January 1, 2021. The Company elected the modified retrospective method for transition. Adoption of the ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Note 4—Initial Public Offering
On January 22, 2021, the Company consummated its Initial Public Offering of 34,500,000 Units, including 4,500,000 Over-Allotment Units, at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $345.0 million, and incurring offering costs of approximately $16.2 million, of which approximately $10.0 million was for deferred underwriting commissions. Affiliates of Agility Public Warehousing Company K.S.C.P. (“Agility”), related parties, and Luxor Capital Group, LP (“Luxor”) purchased 5,940,000 Units offered in the Initial Public Offering (“Affiliated Units”).
Each Unit consists of one Class A ordinary share, par value $0.0001 per share and
one-third
of one redeemable warrant (each, a “Public Warrant”). Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment (see Note 7).
Note 5—Related Party Transactions
Founder Shares
On December 9, 2020, the Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.004 per share, to cover certain offering expenses on behalf of the Company in exchange for the issuance of 6,468,750 Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 (the “Founder Shares”). On January 13, 2021 and January 19, 2021, the Company effected a share capitalization of 1,437,500 and 718,750 Class B ordinary shares, respectively, resulting in an aggregate of 8,625,000 Class B ordinary shares outstanding. All shares and associated amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the share capitalization. Up to 1,125,000 Founder Shares were subject to forfeiture to the extent that the over-allotment option was not exercised in full by the underwriters, so that the Founder Shares would represent 20.0% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares after the Initial Public Offering. On January 22, 2021, the underwriters fully exercised the over-allotment option; thus, these 1,125,000 Founder Shares were no longer subject to forfeiture.
The Initial Shareholders agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of their Founder Shares until the earlier to occur of: (i) one year after the completion of the initial Business Combination or (ii) the date following the completion of the initial Business Combination on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of the shareholders having the right to exchange their ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the closing price of the Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share
sub-divisions,
share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any
30-trading
day period commencing at least 150 days after the initial Business Combination, the Founder Shares will be released from the lockup.
Private Placement Warrants
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the Private Placement of 5,933,333 Private Placement Warrants, at a price of $1.50 per Private Placement Warrant with the Sponsor, generating gross proceeds of $8.9 million.
 
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Each whole Private Placement Warrant is exercisable for one whole Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share. A portion of the proceeds from the Private Placement Warrants was added to the proceeds from the Initial Public Offering held in the Trust Account. If the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the Private Placement Warrants will expire worthless. The Private Placement Warrants will
be non-redeemable and
exercisable on a cashless basis so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees.
The Initial Shareholders agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of their Private Placement Warrants until 30 days after the completion of the initial Business Combination.
Sponsor Loan
On December 9, 2020, the Sponsor agreed to loan the Company up to $300,000 to cover expenses related to the Initial Public Offering pursuant to a promissory note (the “Note”). This loan was
non-interest
bearing and due upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering. As of December 31, 2020, there was an outstanding balance of approximately $68,000. The Company borrowed approximately $91,000 under the Note and repaid the Note in full on January 28, 2021. Subsequent to the repayment, the facility was no longer available to the Company.
Working Capital Loans
In order to finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor, or certain of the Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). If the Company completes a Business Combination, the Company would repay the Working Capital Loans. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, the Company may use a portion of the proceeds held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans but no proceeds held in the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans.
The Working Capital Loans would either be repaid upon consummation of a Business Combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $1.5 million of such Working Capital Loans may be convertible into Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.50 per warrant. Except for the foregoing, the terms of such Working Capital Loans, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such loans. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had no borrowings under the Working Capital Loans.
Administrative Support Agreement
Commencing on the date the Company’s securities were first listed on the NASDAQ, the Company agreed to pay an affiliate of the Sponsor a total of $10,000 per month for office space, secretarial and administrative services provided to the Company. Upon completion of the initial Business Combination or the Company’s liquidation, the Company would cease paying these monthly fees. On June 21, 2021, the Company entered into an amended letter agreement (the “Amended Administrative Support Agreement”), by and between the Company and the Sponsor, to confirm the agreement of the Company and the Sponsor that, to the extent requested by the Company, the Sponsor shall make available to the Company certain office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support as may be reasonably required by the Company, and, upon the Sponsor’s request and provision of documentation evidencing the reasonable amounts incurred to provide such office space or support, the Company shall reimburse the Sponsor for such amounts in cash, provided that such reimbursement shall not exceed $240,000 in the aggregate. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company incurred $200,000 and $0 for administrative support, respectively.
Due from Related Party
As of December 31, 2021, we had $26,000 due from an affiliate of our Sponsor related to the Company’s payment of invoices for shared vendors.
 
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Note 6—Commitments & Contingencies
Registration and Shareholder Rights
The holders of Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants and securities that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans, if any, are entitled to registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement.
These holders were entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that the Company registers such securities. In addition, these holders will have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the completion of the initial Business Combination. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Underwriting Agreement
The Company
granted the underwriters a 45-day option from the final
prospectus relating to the Initial Public Offering to purchase up to 4,500,000 Over-Allotment Units, if any, at the Initial Public Offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions. On January 22, 2021, the underwriters fully exercised its over-allotment option.
The underwriters did not receive any underwriting discounts or commissions on the Affiliated Units. With respect to the remaining Units offered in the Initial Public Offering, the underwriters were entitled to an underwriting discount of $0.20 per unit, or $5.7 million in the aggregate, paid upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering. In addition, $0.35 per unit, or approximately $10.0 million in the aggregate will be payable to the underwriters for deferred underwriting commissions. The deferred fee will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely in the event that the Company completes a Business Combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.
Risks and Uncertainties
Management continues to evaluate the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic on the industry and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that the virus could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position, results of its operations and/or search for a target company, the specific impact is not readily determinable as of the date of these financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Note 7—Derivative Warrant Liabilities
The Company issued 11,500,000 warrants to purchase Class A ordinary shares to investors in the Company’s Initial Public Offering and simultaneously issued 5,933,333 Private Placement Warrants.
The Public Warrants will become exercisable at $11.50 per share on the later of (a) 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination or (b) 12 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering; provided in each case that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available (or the Company permits holders to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis and such cashless exercise is exempt from registration under the Securities Act). The Company agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 20 business days after the closing of the initial Business Combination, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC and have an effective registration statement covering the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and to maintain a current prospectus relating to those Class A ordinary shares until the warrants expire or are redeemed, as specified in the warrant agreement. If a registration statement covering the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants is not effective by the 60th business day after the closing of the initial Business Combination, warrant holders
 
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may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company will have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption. Notwithstanding the above, if the Class A ordinary shares are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at its option, require holders of Public Warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event the Company so elects, it will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, and in the event the Company does not so elect, it will use commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.
The warrants will expire five years after the completion of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
The exercise price and number of ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. In addition, if (x) the Company issues additional Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities for capital-raising purposes in connection with the closing of the initial Business Combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $9.20 per Class A ordinary share (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by the board of directors and, in the case of any such issuance to the Initial Shareholders or their affiliates, without taking into account any Founder Shares held by the Initial Shareholders or such affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), (y) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, plus interest thereon, available for the funding of the initial Business Combination on the date of the consummation of the initial Business Combination (net of redemptions), and (z) the volume-weighted average trading price of the Class A ordinary shares during the
10-trading
day period starting on the trading day prior to the day on which the Company consummates the initial Business Combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $9.20 per share, then the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 115% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, the $18.00 per share redemption trigger price described below will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 180% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, and the $10.00 per share redemption trigger price described below will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price.
The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Private Placement Warrants and the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants, so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, (i) will not be redeemable by the Company, (ii) may not (including the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of these warrants), subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred, assigned or sold by the holders until 30 days after the completion of the initial Business Combination, (iii) may be exercised by the holders on a cashless basis and (iv) will be entitled to registration rights. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by holders other than the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.
Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class A Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $18.00
Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may call the Public Warrants for redemption (except with respect to the Private Placement Warrants):
 
   
in whole and not in part;
 
   
at a price of $0.01 per warrant;
 
   
upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; and
 
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if, and only if, the last reported sale price (the “closing price”) of the Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted) for any 20 trading days within a
30-trading
day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.
Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class A Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $10.00
In addition, once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may call the warrants for redemption:
 
   
in whole and not in part;
 
   
at $0.10 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption provided that holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of Class A ordinary shares to be determined by reference to an agreed table based on the redemption date and the “fair market value” of the Class A ordinary shares;
 
   
if, and only if, the last reported sale price of the Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $10.00 per share (as adjusted) on the trading day before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders; and
The “fair market value” of the Class A ordinary shares for the above purpose shall mean the volume-weighted average price of the Class A ordinary shares during the 10 trading days immediately following the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants. In no event will the warrants be exercisable in connection with this redemption feature for more than 0.361 Class A ordinary shares per warrant (subject to adjustment).
If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle any Warrants. If the Company is unable to complete the initial Business Combination within the Combination Period and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of warrants will not receive any of such funds with respect to their warrants, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with the respect to such warrants. Accordingly, the warrants may expire worthless.
Note 8—Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company’s Class A ordinary shares feature certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to the occurrence of future events. The Company is authorized to issue 350,000,000 shares of Class A ordinary shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each share. As of December 31, 2021, there were 34,500,000 shares of Class A ordinary shares outstanding, which were all subject to possible redemption and are classified outside of permanent equity in the consolidated balance sheets.
The Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption reflected on the consolidated balance sheets are reconciled on the following table:
 
Gross proceeds from Initial Public Offering
   $ 345,000,000  
Less:
  
Fair value of Public Warrants at issuance
     (10,005,000
Offering costs allocated to Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption
     (15,682,819
Plus:
  
Accretion on Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption amount
     25,687,819  
  
 
 
 
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption
   $ 345,000,000  
  
 
 
 
 
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Note 9—Shareholders’ Equity
Preference Shares
The Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 preference shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share, with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s board of directors. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no preference shares issued or outstanding.
Class
 A Ordinary Shares
The Company is authorized to issue 500,000,000 Class A ordinary shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of December 31, 2021, there was 34,500,000 Class A ordinary shares issued and outstanding, which were all subject to possible redemption and are classified outside of permanent equity in the balance sheets (see Note 8). As of December 31, 2020, there were no
non-redeemable
Class A ordinary shares issued or outstanding.
Class
 B Ordinary Shares
The Company is authorized to issue 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders are entitled to one vote for each Class B ordinary share. As of December 31, 2020, 8,625,000 Class B ordinary shares were issued and outstanding, which reflected the share capitalizations as discussed in Note 5 and Note 10. Of the 8,625,000 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding, up to 1,125,000 shares were subject to forfeiture to the Company for no consideration to the extent that the underwriters’ over-allotment option was not exercised in full or in part, so that the Initial Shareholders would collectively own approximately 20% of the Company’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares after the Initial Public Offering (see Note 5). On January 22, 2021, the underwriters fully exercised the over-allotment option; thus, these 1,125,000 Class B ordinary shares were no longer subject to forfeiture. As a result, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were 8,625,000 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding.
Holders of the Class A ordinary shares and holders of the Class B ordinary shares will vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s shareholders, except as required by law or stock exchange rule; provided that only holders of the Class B ordinary shares have the right to vote on the election of the Company’s directors prior to the initial Business Combination.
The Class B ordinary shares will automatically convert into Class A ordinary shares at the time of the initial Business Combination on a
one-for-one
basis (as adjusted). In the case that additional Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities are issued or deemed issued in connection with the initial Business Combination, the number of Class A ordinary shares issuable upon conversion of all Founder Shares will equal, in the aggregate, 20% of the total number of Class A ordinary shares outstanding after such conversion (after giving effect to any redemptions of Class A ordinary shares by Public Shareholders), including the total number of Class A ordinary shares issued, or deemed issued or issuable upon conversion or exercise of any equity-linked securities or rights issued or deemed issued, by the Company in connection with or in relation to the consummation of the initial Business Combination, excluding any Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities exercisable for or convertible into Class A ordinary shares issued, or to be issued, to any seller in the initial Business Combination and any Private Placement Warrants issued to the Sponsor, officers or directors upon conversion of Working Capital Loans; provided that such conversion of Founder Shares will never occur on a less than
one-for-one
basis.
 
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Note 10—Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques that the Company utilized to determine such fair value:
 
Description
  
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
    
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
    
Significant
Other
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
        
Investments held in Trust Account - Mutual Funds
   $ 345,092,122      $ —      $ —  
Liabilities:
        
Derivative warrant liabilities - Public Warrants
   $ 7,362,560      $ —      $ —  
Derivative warrant liabilities - Private Warrants
   $ —      $ —      $ 26,450,750  
There were no assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020.
Transfers to/from Levels 1, 2, and 3 are recognized at the beginning of the reporting period. The estimated fair value of the Public Warrants transferred from a Level 3 measurement to a Level 1 fair value measurement as the Public Warrants were separately listed and traded in March 2021. There were no other transfers to/from Levels 1, 2, and 3 during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Level 1 assets include investments in mutual funds that invest in government securities. The Company uses inputs such as actual trade data, benchmark yields, quoted market prices from dealers or brokers, and other similar sources to determine the fair value of its investments.
The fair value of the Public Warrants issued in connection with the Public Offering were initially measured at fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation model and subsequently, the fair value of the Public Warrants have been measured based on the listed market price of such warrants, a Level 1 measurement. The fair value of the Private Warrants was initially and subsequently estimated using a Modified Black-Scholes Model. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a net loss of $8.9 million, resulting from the change in the fair value of the derivative warrant liabilities, presented as change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
The estimated fair value of the Private Placement Warrants, and the Public Warrants prior to being separately listed and traded, was determined using Level 3 inputs and inherent uncertainties are involved. If factors or assumptions change, the estimated fair values could be materially different. Inherent in a Monte Carlo simulation model and Black-Scholes model are assumptions related to expected stock-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. The Company estimated the volatility of its ordinary share warrants based on implied volatility from the Company’s traded warrants and from historical volatility of select peer company’s ordinary shares that matches the expected remaining life of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury
zero-coupon
yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants. The expected life of the warrants is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The dividend rate is based on the historical rate, which the Company anticipates remaining at zero.
 
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The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 fair value measurements inputs at their measurement dates:
 
    
As of
January 22, 2021
    
As of
December 31, 2021
 
Volatility
     15%, 34%        55.6%  
Stock price
   $ 9.71      $ 9.90  
Years to expected Business Combination
     6.5        0.53  
Risk-free rate
     0.69%        1.27%  
Dividend yield
     0.0%        0.0%  
The change in the fair value of derivative warrant liabilities, measured with Level 3 inputs, for the year ended December 31, 2021 is summarized as follows:
 
Level 3—Derivative Warrant liabilities at January 1, 2021
   $ —  
Issuance of Public and Private Warrants
     24,957,000  
Transfer of Public Warrants out of Level 3 to Level 1
     (10,005,000
Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities—Level 3
     11,498,750  
  
 
 
 
Derivative Warrant liabilities at December 31, 2021—Level 3
     26,450,750  
  
 
 
 
Note 11—Subsequent Events
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date the financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, other than disclosed in Note 1 with respect to the Proposed Transaction and related agreement, the Company did not identify any other the Company did not identify any other subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements which have not previously been disclosed within the financial statements.
 
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
 
Item 6.
Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Our memorandum and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, (as amended), and the common law of the British Virgin Islands allow us to indemnify our officers and directors from certain liabilities. Our memorandum and articles of association provide that we may indemnify, hold harmless and exonerate against all direct and indirect costs, fees and expenses of any type or nature whatsoever, any person who (a) is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, key employee or adviser of our company; or (b) is or was, at the request of our company, serving as a director of, or in any other capacity is or was acting for, another Enterprise.
The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement, conviction or the entering of a nolle prosequi does not, by itself, create a presumption that the relevant indemnitee did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to the best interests of our company or that such indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
We may purchase and maintain insurance, purchase or furnish similar protection or make other arrangements including, but not limited to, providing a trust fund, letter of credit, or surety bond in relation to any indemnitee or who at our request is or was serving as a Director, officer or liquidator of, or in any other capacity is or was acting for, another Enterprise, against any liability asserted against the person and incurred by him in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify him against the liability as provided in our memorandum and articles of association.
We have insurance policies under which, subject to the limitations of the policies, coverage is provided to our directors and officers against loss arising from claims made by reason of breach of fiduciary duty or other wrongful acts as a director or officer, including claims relating to public securities matters, and to us with respect to payments that may be made by us to these officers and directors pursuant to our indemnification obligations or otherwise as a matter of law.
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers that may be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the BVI Companies Act, 2004 or our charter. These indemnification agreements require us, among other things, to indemnify our directors and executive officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service. These indemnification agreements also require us to advance all expenses incurred by the directors and executive officers in investigating or defending any such action, suit or proceeding. We believe that these agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve as directors and executive officers.
At present, we are not aware of any pending litigation or proceeding involving any person who is or was one of our directors, officers, employees or other agents or is or was serving at our request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, for which indemnification is sought, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is theretofore unenforceable.
 
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Item 7.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
In the past three years, we have issued the following securities that were not registered under the Securities Act. Each of these securities were issued in reliance upon the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) and/or Regulation S under the Securities Act. No underwriters were involved in these issuances of securities.
 
   
In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, on March 31, 2022, we assumed an aggregate of 5,933,333 Private Placement Warrants.
 
   
In connection with the PIPE Subscription Agreements, we issued to the PIPE Investors Class A Ordinary Shares for a purchase price of $10.00 per share, representing an aggregate purchase price of $39.7 million. In addition, Legacy Swvl issued $71.8 million of Swvl Exchangeable Notes to investors, including certain of the PIPE Investors, which such Swvl Exchangeable Notes were automatically exchanged for Class A Ordinary Shares. The aggregate number of Class A Ordinary Shares issued as of the date of this prospectus in connection with the PIPE Subscription Agreements and the Swvl Exchangeable Notes was 12,188,711.
 
   
In connection with the equity line financing with B. Riley, we issued 386,971 Class A Ordinary Shares to B. Riley on April 6, 2022 as consideration for B. Riley’s commitment under the purchase agreement to purchase our Class A Ordinary Shares.
 
   
In connection with the acquisition of Urbvan, we issued 11,410,455 warrants at an exercise price of $0.0001 per warrant to certain shareholders and optionholders of Urbvan.
 
   
In connection with the Institutional Investor Private Placement, we issued 12,121,214 Class A Ordinary Shares at a purchase price of $1.65 per share and 18,181,821 Institutional Investor Warrants that have an exercise price of $1.65 per warrant to Institutional Investor on August 12, 2022. In addition, we issued 121,212 Class A Ordinary Shares to A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners as compensation for its services as sole placement agent in connection with the U.S. Institutional Private Placement.
 
Item 8.
Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Exhibit

    No.    
  
Description
    2.1 †    Business Combination Agreement, dated July 28, 2021 by and among SPAC, Legacy Swvl, the Company, Cayman Merger Sub, and BVI Merger Sub, incorporated by reference to Annex A-1 to Amendment No. 7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
    2.2 †    First Amendment to the Business Combination Agreement, dated January 31, 2022, by and among SPAC, Legacy Swvl, the Company, Cayman Merger Sub and BVI Merger Sub, incorporated by reference to Annex A-2 to Amendment No. 7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
    2.3    Second Amendment to the Business Combination Agreement, dated March 3, 2022, by and among SPAC, Legacy Svwl, the Company, Cayman Merger Sub and BVI Merger Sub, incorporated by reference to Annex A-3 to Amendment No. 7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
    3.1    Second Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of the Company, incorporated by reference to exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
    4.1    Specimen Class A Ordinary Certificate, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.4 to Amendment No. 7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
 
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Exhibit

    No.    
  
Description
    4.2    Specimen Warrant Certificate, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.5 to Amendment No. 7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
    4.3    Warrant Agreement, dated January 19, 2021, between SPAC and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, incorporated by reference to exhibit 2.4 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
    4.4    Warrant Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement, dated March 30, 2022, by and among SPAC, the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, incorporated by reference to exhibit 2.5 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
    5.1#    Opinion of Maples and Calder.
  10.1    Form of Swvl Transaction Support Agreement, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
  10.2    Form of SPAC Shareholder Support Agreements, incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.2 to Amendment No. 7 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
  10.3    Company Shareholders’ Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2021, by and among the Company, the Sponsor and certain shareholders of the Company, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
  10.4    Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 28, 2021, by and among Legacy Swvl, SPAC, the Sponsor, the Company and certain shareholders of Legacy Swvl, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
  10.5    Form of Lock-Up Agreement, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.8 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
  10.6    Sponsor Agreement, dated July 28, 2021, by and among Legacy Swvl, SPAC and the Sponsor, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.9 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
  10.7    Form of Swvl Exchangeable Note, incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.7 to Amendment No. 7 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
  10.8    Form of Subscription Agreement, dated July 28, 2021, by and among Pivotal Holdings Corp, Legacy Swvl and SPAC, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.28 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on April 15, 2022.
  10.9†    Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of Shares of Shotl Transportation, S.L., dated as of August 18, 2021, by and among Swvl Global FZE, Swvl, Marfina, S.L., Camina Lab, S.L., Mr. Osvald Martret Martinez and Mr. Gerard Martret Martinez, incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.8 to Amendment No. 7 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
 
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Exhibit

    No.    
  
Description
  10.10    Ordinary Shares Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 22, 2022, by and among the Company, Legacy Swvl and B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.12 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
  10.11    Amendment No. 1 to Ordinary Shares Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 6, 2022, by and among the Company, Swvl Inc. and B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC, incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on April 7, 2022.
  10.12    Amendment No. 2 to Ordinary Shares Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 14, 2022, by and among the Company, Swvl Inc. and B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.24 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on April 15, 2022.
  10.13    Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 22, 2022, by and among the Company, Legacy Swvl and B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.13 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
  10.14    Amendment No. 1 to Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of April 6, 2022, by and among the Company, Swvl Inc. and B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC, incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on April 7, 2022.
  10.15††    Form of Company Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.9 to Amendment No. 7 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
  10.16††    Employment Agreement, dated July 28, 2021, by and among Mostafa Kandil, the Company and Swvl Global FZE, incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.10 to Amendment No. 7 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
  10.17††    Swvl 2019 Share Option Plan, incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.12 to Amendment No. 7 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
  10.18††    Amendment to the Swvl 2019 Share Option Plan, dated July 28, 2021, incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.13 to Amendment No. 7 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
  10.19††    Form of Award Agreement to the Swvl 2019 Share Option Plan, incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.14 to Amendment No. 7 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
  10.20††    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated March 31, 2022, by and among Youssef Salem, the Company and Swvl Global FZE, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.19 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
  10.21††    Form of Notice of Stock Option Award under the Company Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.20 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
  10.22††    Form of Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Award under the Company Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.21 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
 
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Exhibit

    No.    
  
Description
  10.23    Interim Management Agreement, dated November 10, 2021, by and among Swvl Jordan, Swvl Inc. and the individual holder of the shares of Swvl Jordan, incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.17 to Amendment No. 7 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-259800) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
  10.24†    Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated March 24, 2022, by and between Rivertree Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH, Dr. Günther Lamperstorfer, KfW, Social Media Enterprises GmbH, Ariel Luedi, Dr. Tom Kirschbaum, Maxim Nohroudi, Blirz B22-203 GmbH and Swvl Inc., incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.23 to the Company’s Shell Company Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.
  10.25#†    Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated April 29, 2022, by and between Mohamad Ali Al Halabi, Khaleej 1 Ltd, HEDEF ARAÇ KİRALAMA VE SERVİS A.Ş., March Holding Limited, Stichting DAI & Members, Stichting Turkish Investors, Stichting MEVP Investors, Lill CVC SAPI de CV, Wamda Seed Limited, Stichting Volt Lines ESOP, Commoditynet Holding B.V., WSH Ltd., Southeast Europe Equity Fund II, LP, Swvl Global FZE, Swvl Inc. and Volt Lines B.V.
  10.26    Form of Lock-Up Extension, incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on July 11, 2022.
  10.27*†    Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of Shares of Urbvan Mobility LTD., dated as of July 11, 2022, by and among Urbvan Mobility LTD., Swvl Global FZE, Swvl, Renato Picard and the Sellers (as defined therein).
  10.28*    Form of Warrant in connection with the Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of Shares of Urbvan Mobility LTD.
  10.29†    Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 10, 2022, by and between Swvl and the Institutional Investor, incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on August 11, 2022.
  10.30*    Five Year Warrant, dated August 12, 2022, between Swvl and Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd.
  10.31*    Two Year Warrant, dated August 12, 2022, between Swvl and Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd.
  10.32†    Registration Rights Agreement, dated August 10, 2022, by and between the Company and Capital Master Fund Ltd., incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.5 to the Company’s Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on August 11, 2022.
  10.33    Form of Lock-Up Agreement, incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.6 to the Company’s Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-41339) filed with the SEC on August 11, 2022.
  21.1*    List of Subsidiaries of Swvl Holdings Corp.
  23.1*    Consent of Grant Thornton Audit and Accounting Limited (Dubai Branch).
  23.2*    Consent of WithumSmith+Brown, PC.
  23.3#    Consent of Maples and Calder (included in Exhibit 5.1).
101.INS*    XBRL Instance Document—this instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH*    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
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Exhibit

    No.    
  
Description
101.LAB*    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*    Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101).
107#    Filing Fee Table.
 
*
Filed herewith.
#
Previously filed.
Schedules to this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Registration
S-K.
The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any omitted schedules to the Commission upon request.
††
Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.
 
Item 9.
Undertakings.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
 
  (1)
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
 
  (i)
To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
 
  (ii)
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
 
  (iii)
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
 
  (2)
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
  (3)
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
 
  (4)
To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A. of Form
20-F
at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act need not be furnished; provided, that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a
post-effective
amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements;
 
  (5)
That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser,
 
  (i)
if the registrant is relying on Rule 430B;
 
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  (A)
each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
 
  (B)
each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date;
 
  (i)
if the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
 
  (6)
That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
 
  (i)
Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
 
  (ii)
Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
 
  (iii)
The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
 
  (iv)
Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
 
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Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:
 
  (1)
For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
 
  (2)
For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the registrant has duly caused this post-effective amendment no. 1 to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Dubai, on August 29, 2022.
 
SWVL HOLDINGS CORP
By:  
/s/ Mostafa Kandil
  Name: Mostafa Kandil
  Title:   Chief Executive Office, Chairman
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this post-effective amendment no. 1 to the registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Name
 
Title
 
Date
/s/ Mostafa Kandil
  Chief Executive Officer, Chairman   August 29, 2022
Mostafa Kandil  
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
/s/ Youssef Salem
  Chief Financial Officer   August 29, 2022
Youssef Salem  
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
 
*
  Independent Director   August 29, 2022
Dany Farha    
*
  Independent Director   August 29, 2022
W. Steve Albrecht    
*
  Independent Director   August 29, 2022
Esther Dyson    
*
  Independent Director   August 29, 2022
Victoria Grace    
*
  Director   August 29, 2022
Ahmed Sabbah    
*
  Independent Director   August 29, 2022
Lone Fønss Schrøder    
*
  Independent Director   August 29, 2022
Bjorn von Sivers    
*
  Independent Director   August 29, 2022
Gbenga Oyebode    
 
*
Pursuant to power of attorney
 
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/s/ Mostafa Kandil
Attorney-in-fact
SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE REGISTRANT
Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, a duly authorized representative of Swvl Holdings Corp in the United States, has signed the post-effective amendment no. 1 to the registration statement in the City of New York, State of New York on August 29, 2022.
 
COGENCY GLOBAL INC.
By:  
/s/ Colleen A. De Vries
  Name: Colleen A. De Vries
  Title: Senior Vice President on behalf of Cogency Global Inc., Authorized Representative in the United States
 
II-10
EX-10.27

Exhibit 10.27

EXECUTION VERSION

SALE AND PURCHASE AGREEMENT

ENTERED INTO BY AND BETWEEN

THE SELLERS (defined herein)

URBVAN MOBILITY LTD

AS THE COMPANY

SWVL GLOBAL FZE

AS BUYER

SWVL HOLDINGS CORP.

AS BVI AFFILIATE

And

RENATO PICARD

AS SELLER REPRESENTATIVE

NEW YORK, July 11, 2022


SALE AND PURCHASE AGREEMENT

In New York, July 11, 2022.

BY AND AMONG

 

(i)

ON THE ONE PART,

The Persons listed on Schedule 1 attached hereto (each, a “Seller” and collectively, the “Sellers”).

 

(ii)

ON THE OTHER PART,

URBVAN MOBILITY LTD., an exempted limited liability company duly incorporated and existing under the laws of the Cayman Islands for an indefinite period of time, by virtue of a public deed granted on June 18, 2019, before Joy A. Rankine, Assistant Registar of Companies of the Cayman Island, registered with the Registar of Companies of the Cayman Island under file number 352705, having its registered office at Campbells Corporate Services Limited, Floor 4, Willow House, Cricket Square, Grand Cayman KY1-9010, Cayman Islands (the “Company”).

The Company is duly represented by Mr. Renato Picard, a Mexican citizen, of legal age, with domicile in Mexico at Jardin 115, Tlacopac, Mexico City, Mexico 01040, who is duly authorized to sign and execute this agreement in his capacity as a Director of the Company.

 

(iii)

ON THE OTHER PART,

SWVL GLOBAL FZE, a Limited Liability Free Zone Establishment incorporated under the Dubai World Trade Centre Authority (“DWTCA”) Company Rules and Regulations under Dubai law No 9 of 2015, registered with the Mercantile Registrar of Companies of Dubai World Trade Center Authority under number 0361, having its registered office at Office No :02.08 the offices 4 at One Central, Dubai World Trade Centre and without tax identification code since there is no corporate income tax in UAE (the “Buyer”).

The Buyer is duly represented by Mr. Mostafa Essa Mohamed Mohamed Kandil, a citizen of The Arab Republic of Egypt, of legal age, with professional domicile in Office No :02.08 the offices 4 at One Central, Dubai World Trade Centre, and holder of valid Passport of his nationality number A-18493071, who is duly authorized to sign and execute this agreement in his capacity as CEO of the Buyer.

 

(iv)

ON THE OTHER PART,

SWVL HOLDINGS CORP, a BVI Business Company duly incorporated and existing under the laws of the British Virgin Islands with registered number 2070410 and having its registered office at Kingston Chambers, PO Box 173, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands, VG1110 (the “BVI Affiliate”).


The BVI Affiliate is duly represented by Mr. Youssef Salem, a Dominican citizen, of legal age, with professional domicile in United Arab Emirates, at Swvl Offices, One Central, Dubai, and holder of valid identity card of his nationality Dominican passport number R0162074, who is duly authorized to sign and execute this agreement in his capacity as Chief Financial Officer.

 

(v)

ON THE OTHER PART,

Renato Picard, an individual, solely in his capacity as the Seller Representative (the “Seller Representative”).

The Sellers and the Buyer shall hereinafter be individually referred to as a “Party” and jointly as the “Parties”.

RECITALS

 

A.

The Company’s corporate purpose includes the development, implementation and commercialization of new mobility and transport systems.

In particular, along the lines of its corporate purpose, the Company is the owner of (i) the passenger App (for iOS and Android) named “Urbvan”, and (ii) the driver App (for iOS and Android) named “Urbvan”, in each case used for the provision of mobility services (together, as currently used on the Closing Date, the “Business”).

As of the Closing Date, the Company’s issued and outstanding (i) Ordinary Shares and Preference Shares are as set forth on SCHEDULE A attached hereto (collectively, the “Shares”) and are owned by the respective Persons corresponding thereto on SCHEDULE A (the “Shareholders”), and (ii) options exercisable for Class B Ordinary Shares are as set forth on SCHEDULE B attached hereto (collectively, the “Options”) and are owned by the respective Persons corresponding thereto on SCHEDULE B (the “Optionholders”).

 

B.

Buyer’s current capital structure is described on SCHEDULE C.

 

C.

The Buyer has conducted through its advisors, a limited due diligence exercise on the Company and the Business (the “Due Diligence”) based on the information provided by the Company through the VDR (defined below).

 

D.

The Parties wish to set out the terms and conditions under which the Buyer shall purchase and acquire, and the Sellers shall sell and transfer to the Buyer all of the Shares.

 

E.

The Parties agree that, simultaneously to the execution of this Agreement, the Company and certain Sellers shall cause all other shareholders of the Mexican Subsidiaries, except for the Company and any other Mexican Subsidiaries, to sell to the Buyer, or any other Person designated by the Buyer, all the shares owned by such other shareholders in the share capital of the Mexican Subsidiaries.


F.

Considering the foregoing, each Party agrees as follows:

CLAUSES

 

1.

DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION

 

1.1.

In this Agreement and the Schedules hereto unless the context shall otherwise require:

 

1.1.1.

words and expressions shall be interpreted in accordance with and shall have the following meanings:

Affiliate” means, in (i) relation to any Person, any other Person, who: (a) directly or indirectly controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person, or (b) directly or indirectly beneficially owns or holds more than 50% (fifty percent) of any class of voting stock or other equity interests of such Person; or (c) has more than 50% (fifty percent) of any class of voting stock or other equity interests that is directly or indirectly beneficially owned or held by such Person. For purposes of this definition, the word “controls” means possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or otherwise, and (ii) in relation to the Company (except as defined in Clause 3.3.4 below): (a) Urbvan Intermediate Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and (b) the Mexican Subsidiaries.

Agreement” means this Sale and Purchase Agreement;

Bad Leaver” means with respect to a Seller Service Provider, where he or she has: (a) voluntarily resigned from the Company or its Affiliates prior to expiry of the Second Earn Out Period other than in connection with a Good Leaver Event, or (b) been validly terminated as a result of having been convicted of Fraud, or (c) being validly terminated as a result of: (i) being convicted of a criminal offence or (ii) act(s) of committing gross misconduct, to the extent such term is defined in the Seller Service Provider’s applicable employment or service contract.

Basket” has the meaning set out in Clause 6.5.1(ii);

Board of Directors’ Closing Date Resolutions” has the meaning set out in Clause 6.3.2(iii);

BVI Affiliate” means Swvl Holdings Corp;

BVI Shares” means Class A Ordinary Shares of BVI Affiliate;

BVI Securities” means BVI Shares and the Warrants;

Business” has the meaning set out in Recital A;

Business Day” has the meaning set out in Clause 17.4;

Buyer” means SWVL GLOBAL FZE;

Buyer Representations and Warranties” has the meaning set out in Clause 10;


Cap” has the meaning set out in Clause 7.5.1 (iii);

Claim” has the meaning set out in Clause 8.1;

COFECE” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.1 (i);

Commission” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.2.2;

Company” has the meaning set out in Recital A;

Company’s IP Rights” has the meaning set out in Clause 2.12.1 of the Sellers’ Representations and Warranties;

Company Representations and Warranties” has the meaning set out in Clause 6.1;

Confidential Information” has the meaning set out in Clause 12.1;

Closing” has the meaning set out in Clause 6.1;

Closing Date” has the meaning set out in Clause 6.1;

Confidential Arbitration Information” shall have the meaning set forth in Clause 18.2;

Control” means possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or otherwise;

Damage” has the meaning set out in Clause 7.4;

de Minimis Franchise” has the meaning set out in Clause 6 (i);

Due Diligence” has the meaning set out in Recital C;

DWTCA” means the Dubai World Trade Centre Authority;

Earn Out” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.1;

Earn Out Payment” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.1 (iii);

Earn Out Warrants” means the First Earn Out Warrants and the Second Earn Out Warrants;

Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor statute, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Expense Fund Amount” means $200,000.


Fair Market Value” means, with respect to any security or other property, the fair market value of such security or other property as determined by the Board of Directors of the BVI Affiliate, acting in good faith.

Financial Statements has the meaning set out in Clause 2.3.1 of the Company Representations and Warranties;

Financial Statements 2022 has the meaning set out in Clause 2.3.1 of the

Company Representations and Warranties;

First Earn Out Conditions” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.4(iv);

First Earn Out Consideration” means the consideration set forth in Clause 3.3.1 consisting of the First Earn Out Warrants and First Earn Out Cash Payments; “First Earn Out Period” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.4(v);

First Earn Out Shares Amount” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.4(vi);

First Earn Out Warrants” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.1;

Fixed Consideration” means collectively, the Upfront Consideration and the Initial Cash Payment;

Fundamental Representations and Warranties” means the Company Representations and Warranties set forth in Clauses 1.1 through 1.1.11 on SCHEDULE 6(B);

Good Leaver Event” means with respect to a Seller Service Provider, where he or she has terminated his or her respective employment with, or service to, the Company and its Affiliates (including each Mexican Subsidiary) as a result of (i) a reduction of such Seller Service Provider’s annual base compensation by more than 10% in the aggregate in a specific year, (ii) a material reduction in such Seller Service Provider’s Level in the organization within the applicable Buyer Affiliate, or (ii) such Seller Service Provider’s principal office location moving more than 35 miles from such Seller Service Provider’s office as of Closing, provided that in each case such Seller Service Provider provides written notice of the respective Good Leaver Event no later than 60 days following its occurrence, and such Good Leaver Event is not cured by the Buyer (or Buyer Affiliate) within 30 days after such notice is provided.

Governmental Authority” means any foreign, domestic, federal, territorial, state, municipal or local governmental authority of any nature, including any government and any governmental agency, ministry, instrumentality, court, tribunal or commission, or any subdivision, department or branch of any of the foregoing, or body exercising, or entitled to exercise, any administrative, executive, judicial, legislative, policy, regulatory or Tax authority or power of any nature in Mexico;


Governmental Authorizations” means any waiver, exemption, variance, certificate, franchise, permit, approval, exemption, authorization, concession, clearance, license, consent, or similar order of or from, or filing or registration with, or notice to, any Governmental Authority, including, without limitation, any environmental permits, building permits, municipal construction and land use licenses, and all amendments, modifications, supplements, general conditions and addenda thereto;

GDPR” means General Data Protection Regulation;

ICC” means the International Chamber of Commerce;

ICC Rules” means the Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce;

Intellectual Property Rights” means any trading names, trademarks, patents and other intellectual or industrial property rights, including intellectual property rights in software, computer programs and applications;

Key Manager” means each of Renato Picard and Joao Albino;

knowledge of the Company” means the actual knowledge of Renato Picard, Joao Albino, Max Cesar Linares and Andrés González.

Law” means all of the applicable laws (statutory, judicial or otherwise), rules, regulations, ordinances, judgments, decrees, orders, writs and injunctions of any Governmental Authority, court, agency, department, commission, board, bureau or instrumentality thereof of the state of New York, and “Lawfully” should be construed accordingly;

Licensed-In IP Rights” has the meaning set out in Clause 2.12.14 of the Company Representations and Warranties;

Liens” means any mortgage, pledge, usufruct, limitation to ownership, easement, free-use, privilege, attachment, option, pre-emption right, trust, security interest, lien, charges, encumbrance, any other burden, restraint, encumbrance, security, lien, charge, right or Claim of any third party, or any title defect, voting trust agreement, option, right of first offer, negotiation or refusal, proxy, or similar restrictions or limitations of ownership, use or disposition of property, including any of the foregoing as may arise under any agreement;

Market Price” means, with respect to the BVI Shares, for any given date, the simple arithmetic average of the volume weighted average price as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page “SWVL <equity> AQR” (or its equivalent successor if such page is not available) in respect of the period from the scheduled open of trading until the scheduled close of trading of the primary trading session on each applicable trading day for each of the ten trading days immediately preceding (but not including) such date of the last reported sale price, regular way, or, in case no such reported sales take place on such ten days, the ten-day trailing average of closing bids and ask prices, regular way, of the BVI Shares on the Nasdaq Stock Market for each such trade. If the BVI Shares are not listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market on any date of determination, the Market Price of the BVI Shares on such date of determination means


the simple arithmetic average over the ten trading days immediately preceding (but not including) such date of the closing sale price as reported in the composite transactions for the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the BVI Shares are so listed or quoted, or, if no closing sale price is reported, the simple arithmetic average over the ten trading days immediately preceding (but not including) such date of the last reported sale price on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the BVI Shares are so listed or quoted, or, if the BVI Shares are not so listed or quoted on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, the simple arithmetic average over the ten trading days immediately preceding (but not including) such date of the last quoted bid price for the BVI Shares in the over-the-counter market as reported by Pink Sheets LLC or a similar organization, or, if that bid price is not available, the Market Price of the BVI Shares on that date shall mean the Fair Market Value per share as determined by the Board of Directors of the BVI Affiliate in reliance on an opinion of a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm retained by the BVI Affiliate for this purpose and certified in a resolution of the Board of Directors of the BVI Affiliate sent to the Seller Representative and the Sellers. For the purposes of determining the Market Price of the BVI Shares following the occurrence of an event, (i) each trading day shall be deemed to commence immediately after the regular scheduled closing time of trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market or, if trading is closed at an earlier time, such earlier time and (ii) each trading day shall end at the next regular scheduled closing time, or if trading is closed at an earlier time, such earlier time (for the avoidance of doubt, and as an example, if the Market Price is to be determined as of the last trading day preceding a specified event and the closing time of trading on a particular day is 4:00 p.m. New York City time and the specified event occurs at 5:00 p.m. New York City time on that day, the Market Price would be determined by reference to such 4:00 p.m. New York City time closing price). For the avoidance of doubt, any volume weighted average price shall be determined without regard to after hours trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session trading hours.

Material Adverse Change” means any change, effect, circumstance, event or condition that (a) has, or would reasonably be expected to have, a substantial negative impact on the business, condition, assets, finances, operation or properties of the Company, or (b) restricts the Sellers’ ability to carry out the transactions that are the subject matter hereof or to perform their obligations hereunder; except a “Material Adverse Change” shall not include any change, effect, circumstance, event or condition, directly or indirectly, arising out of or attributable to: (i) the occurrence or worsening of any event of terrorism, act of war, event of natural disaster, or other calamity or crisis; (ii) changes in general economic, regulatory, financial, securities, or political conditions; (iii) changes affecting the Company’s industry generally; or (iv) the public announcement of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby;

Mexican Subsidiaries” means each of (i) Commute Technologies, S.A.P.I. de C.V.; (ii) Urbvan Commute Operations, S.A.P.I. de C.V.; (iii) OPS Transit Mobility, S.A. de C.V.; (iv) ID Vans, S.A.P.I. de C.V. and (v) Admin Mobility,


S.A. de C.V;

Nominative Transfers” has the meaning set out in Clause 5.3.1(vi);

Non-Compete Period” has the meaning set out in Clause 11.2;

Non-Compete Geographic Scope” has the meaning set out in Clause 11.2;

Operational Cap” has the meaning set out in Clause 6.5.1(iv);

Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or Governmental Authority or political subdivision thereof;

PEs” has the meaning set out in Clause 2.9.7 of the Company Representations and Warranties;

Post-Closing Tax Period” means any taxable period ending after the Closing Date.

Pre-Closing Tax Period” means any taxable period ending on or prior to the Closing Date.

Purchase Price” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.1;

Real Estate Properties” has the meaning set out in Clause 2.8.1 of the Company

Representations and Warranties;

Registration Statement” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.2.2;

Related Parties” means, in respect of any Seller:

 

  (i)

its Affiliates (excluding the Company); and

 

  (ii)

each of their respective directors and, in case of a Person which is an individual, the persons within its first degree of consanguinity or affinity;

Response” has the meaning set out in Clause 8.2;

Revenue Report” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.4;

Rule 144” means Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

Second Earn Out Conditions” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.4(viii);

Second Earn Out Consideration” means the consideration set forth in Clause 3.3.2 consisting of the Second Earn Out Warrants and Second Earn Out Cash

Payments;

Second Earn Out Period” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.4(ix);


Second Earn Out Shares Amount” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.4(x); “Second Earn Out Warrants” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.3.2;

Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder;

Shareholders’ Agreement” means any shareholders’ agreement regarding the Company in force before the execution date;

Shareholders’ Closing Date Resolutions” has the meaning set out in Clause

5.3.1(vi);

Shares” has the meaning in Recital A;

Sellers” has the meaning set out in the introductory clauses of this Agreement;

Sellers’ Bank Accounts” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.2.6;

Sellers Representations and Warranties” has the meaning set out in Clause 6.1;

Service Agreements has the meaning set forth under Clause 2.8.2 of the Company Representations and Warranties;

Straddle Period” has the meaning set forth under Clause 13(c)(i).

Tax” or “Taxes” means (i) all national, regional, local, municipal, foreign or other taxes including, without limitation, taxes, whether direct or indirect, and whether levied by reference to income, profits, gains, net wealth, gross receipts, license, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, franchise, real property, personal property, sales, use, transfer, registration, escheat, unclaimed property, asset values, turnover, value added or other reference and local or municipal imposition, duties, contributions and levies (including employment contributions, payroll taxes and social security contributions), whenever and wherever imposed (whether imposed by way of a withholding or deduction for or on account of tax otherwise), in respect of the Company, and (ii) any related interest, fines or penalties relating to the foregoing or resulting from a failure to comply with any provisions of any enactment relating to tax;

Third Party Claim” has the meaning set out in Clause 8.3;

Transaction” means (i) the transfer by the Sellers to the Buyer of the Shares, and (ii) cancellation of the Options, in each case pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement;

Transaction Documents means this Agreement or any other documents that are contemplated by this Agreement or that may be reasonably required by applicable Law in order to consummate the transactions set forth in this Agreement or in connection therewith;


Transaction Expenses” means all third party fees, costs, expenses, payments and expenditures incurred by or on behalf of the Company in connection with the Transaction and this Agreement, whether or not incurred, billed or accrued;

Transfer” means sell, assign, transfer, pledge, encumber, grant any economic, voting or other participation interests in, contractually transfer the economic benefits or other attributes of ownership of, or in any manner dispose of;

Upfront Share Consideration” has the meaning set out in Clause 3.2.2(i);

USB” means a portable memory device including the contents of the documentation uploaded in the VDR as of the Closing Date;

USD”, “$” or “Dollars” means the current legal currency of the United States of America;

VDR” means the Virtual Data Room available to the Buyer through a cloud service for carrying out the Due Diligence process available from January 27, 2022 until the Closing Date;

Warrants” means the Upfront Warrants and the Earn Out Warrants.

 

1.1.2.

the headings contained in this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of the Agreement;

 

1.1.3.

references to one gender include all genders;

 

1.1.4.

the expressions “ordinary course of business” or “business in the ordinary course” mean the ordinary and usual course of business of the Company (including the operational and commercial policies, practices and procedures) as conducted by the Company in the twelve months preceding the date hereof and according to the standard practices of the Company;

 

1.1.5.

reference to the singular shall include the plural and vice versa;

 

1.1.6.

where a word or expression is given a particular meaning, other grammatical forms or parts of speech of such word or expression shall bear a corresponding meaning;

and

 

1.1.7.

unless otherwise stated, reference to Recitals, Clauses and Schedules are to recitals, clauses, and schedules of and to the Agreement. Schedules form part of and shall be construed as one with this Agreement.


2.

PURPOSE OF THIS AGREEMENT: SALE AND PURCHASE OF THE SHARES

 

2.1.

The purpose of this Agreement is the sale and transfer of the Shares by the Shareholders to the Buyer and the cancellation and termination of the Options and Warrants. Therefore, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, at and effective as of the Closing, the (i) Shareholders hereby sell and transfer to the Buyer, and the Buyer hereby purchases and acquires, in consideration of the payment of the Purchase Price to the applicable Shareholders, full title ownership over the Shares, free of any charges, encumbrances or third party rights, and together with any and all rights and benefits attached to the Shares as from the Closing Date, including, without limitation, any dividends which may accrue as from such date, and (ii) Optionholders hereby agree that all Options shall terminate, unexercised, without any further force or effect and notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Option or document or agreement documenting any Option (the “Option Cancellation”), in consideration of the payment of the Purchase Price to the applicable Optionholders.

 

3.

PURCHASE PRICE AND ADDITIONAL CONTINGENT EARN-OUT

 

3.1.

Purchase Price

The total purchase price payable to the Sellers as consideration for the Shares and Option Cancellation shall equal the sum of (i) the Fixed Consideration, plus (ii) if and to the extent accrued and subject to the other conditions in each case described in Clause 3.3 below, the Earn Out. For purposes hereof, the “Purchase Price shall mean the Fixed Consideration.

 

3.2.

Fixed Consideration

 

3.2.1.

The Fixed Consideration shall be paid to the Sellers by the Buyer and BVI Affiliate, as applicable, as follows:

 

  (i)

at the Closing, the BVI Affiliate shall issue and deliver to each Seller, other than an Unaccredited Seller, a warrant in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 3.2.1(i) (each an “Upfront Warrant” and collectively, the “Upfront Warrants”) and exercisable for up to such number of BVI Shares as is set forth opposite to such Seller’s name on Schedule 3.2.1(i) (with all Upfront Warrants issued hereunder, collectively, the “Upfront Share Consideration”), and with the initial exercise date for such BVI Shares being the Warrant Shares Release Date related thereto as is described on Schedule 6.5.2(v);

 

  (ii)

[Intentionally Omitted]; and

 

  (iii)

(A) on or before the six (6) month anniversary date of the Closing Date, the Buyer shall pay and deliver to each Seller described on Schedule 3.2.1(iii) (each, an “Unaccredited Seller”), and to the bank account for such Seller described on such Exhibit, immediately available funds in the amount equal to the product of (a) such number of BVI Shares set forth opposite such Seller’s name on such Schedule corresponding to such six (6) month anniversary date, multiplied by (b) the Market Price, as determined on such six (6) month anniversary date (such amount, the “First Cash Payment”);


  (B)

on or before the ten (10) month anniversary date of the Closing Date, the Buyer shall pay and deliver to each Unaccredited Seller, and to the bank account for such Seller described on Schedule 3.2.1(iii), immediately available funds in the amount equal to the product of (a) such number of BVI Shares set forth opposite such Seller’s name on such Schedule corresponding to such ten (10) month anniversary date, multiplied by (b) the Market Price, as determined on such ten (10) month anniversary date (such amount, the “Second Cash Payment”);

 

  (C)

on or before the twelve (12) month anniversary date of the Closing Date, the Buyer shall pay and deliver to each Unaccredited Seller, and to the bank account for such Seller described on Schedule 3.2.1(iii), immediately available funds in the amount equal to the product of (a) such number of BVI Shares set forth opposite such Seller’s name on such Schedule corresponding to such twelve (12) month anniversary date, multiplied by (b) the Market Price, as determined on such twelve (12) month anniversary date (such amount, the “Third Cash Payment”);

 

  (D)

on or before the sixteen (16) month anniversary date of the Closing Date, the Buyer shall pay and deliver to each Unaccredited Seller, and to the bank account for such Seller described on Schedule 3.2.1(iii), immediately available funds in the amount equal to the product of (a) such number of BVI Shares set forth opposite such Seller’s name on such Schedule corresponding to such sixteen (16) month anniversary date, multiplied by (b) the Market Price, as determined on such sixteen (16) month anniversary date (such amount, the “Fourth Cash Payment”); and

 

  (E)

on or before the twenty-four (24) month anniversary date of the Closing Date, the Buyer shall pay and deliver to each Unaccredited Seller, and to the bank account for such Seller described on Schedule 3.2.1(iii), immediately available funds in the amount equal to the product of (a) such number of BVI Shares set forth opposite such Seller’s name on such Schedule corresponding to such twenty-four (24) month anniversary date, multiplied by (b) the Market Price, as determined on such twenty-four (24) month anniversary date (such amount, the “Fifth Cash Payment” and together with the First Cash Payment, Second Cash Payment, Third Cash Payment and Fourth Cash Payment, collectively, the “Initial Cash Payment”).

 

3.2.2.

Registration Obligations

 

  (i)

The BVI Affiliate agrees that, on or before October 15, 2022, the BVI Affiliate will file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) (at the BVI Affiliate’s sole cost and expense) a registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) registering the resale of the BVI Shares issuable under the Upfront Warrants (the “Initial Warrant Shares”), and to use commercially reasonable efforts have the Registration Statement declared


  effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof (such date, the “Effective Date”); provided, however, that the BVI Affiliate’s obligations to include a Seller’s Initial Warrant Shares in the Registration Statement are contingent upon such Seller furnishing in writing to the BVI Affiliate such information regarding such Seller, the securities of the BVI Affiliate held by such Seller and the intended method of disposition of such Initial Warrant Shares as shall be reasonably requested by the BVI Affiliate to effect the registration of the Initial Warrant Shares, and such Seller shall execute such documents in connection with such registration as the BVI Affiliate may reasonably request that are customary of a selling stockholder in similar situations, including providing that the BVI Affiliate shall be entitled to postpone and suspend the effectiveness or use of the Registration Statement during any customary blackout or similar period or as permitted hereunder. The BVI Affiliate shall provide a draft of the Registration Statement to the Seller Representative at least two (2) Business Days in advance of its anticipated initial filing date; provided that the Seller Representative agrees to keep confidential the receipt of such Registration Statement and the information contained therein until filed with the Commission. It is further agreed that the “Plan of Distribution” shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Seller Representative prior to any filing of the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Commission prevents the BVI Affiliate from including any or all of the Initial Warrant Shares proposed to be registered under the Registration Statement due to limitations on the use of Rule 415 of the Securities Act for the resale of the Initial Warrant Shares by the applicable Seller(s) or otherwise, such Registration Statement shall register for resale such number of Acquired Shares which is equal to the maximum number of Acquired Shares as is permitted by the Commission. In such event, the number of Acquired Shares to be registered for each Seller named in the Registration Statement shall be reduced pro rata among all such Sellers. Upon notification by the Commission that the Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission, within two (2) Business Days thereafter, the BVI Affiliate shall file the final prospectus under Rule 424 of the Securities Act.

 

  (ii)

BVI Affiliate shall not suspend the use of the prospectus forming part of a BVI Registration Statement unless it suspends the use of the prospectus filed with the SEC prior to the BVI Registration Statement and related to the resale of Class A Ordinary Shares of the BVI Affiliate which are held by investors in the BVI Affiliate’s PIPE financing and certain BVI Affiliate insiders (ie: executives, founders, etc.) (or any replacement prospectus).

 

  (iii)

BVI Affiliate shall, at its expense:

 

   

except for such times as the BVI Affiliate is permitted hereunder to suspend the use of the prospectus forming part of a BVI Registration Statement, use its commercially reasonable efforts to keep such registration, and any qualification, exemption or compliance under applicable securities laws which the BVI Affiliate determines to obtain,


 

continuously effective with respect to the Sellers, and to keep the applicable BVI Registration Statement or any subsequent shelf registration statement free of any material misstatements or omissions, until the earliest of the following: the date all BVI Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants held by all Sellers may be sold by the Sellers without restriction under Rule 144, including without limitation, any volume and manner of sale restrictions which may be applicable to affiliates under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act and without the requirement for the BVI Affiliate to be in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144(c)(1) or Rule 144(i)(2) and thirty-six (36) months from the Effective Date of the applicable Registration Statement).

 

   

advise the Seller Representative within two (2) Business Days: (1) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the applicable BVI Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for such purpose; (2) of the receipt by the BVI Affiliate of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Initial Warrant Shares or Subsequent Warrant Shares, as applicable, included therein for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and (3) of the occurrence of any event that requires the making of any changes in the applicable BVI Registration Statement or prospectus so that, as of such date, such BVI Registration Statement or prospectus does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of a prospectus, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the BVI Affiliate shall not, when so advising the Seller Representative of such events, provide the Seller Representative with any material, nonpublic information regarding the BVI Affiliate other than to the extent that providing notice to the Seller Representative of the occurrence of the events listed in (1) through (3) in the paragraph immediately above constitutes material, nonpublic information regarding the BVI Affiliate;

 

   

use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the withdrawal of any order suspending the effectiveness of the applicable the BVI Registration Statement as soon as reasonably practicable;

 

   

use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all Initial Warrant Shares and Subsequent Warrant Shares, as applicable, to be listed on each securities exchange or market, if any, on which the BVI Shares issued by the BVI Affiliate have been listed;


   

if requested by the Seller Representative, remove the restrictive legend described in in Clause 3.5.2 (or instruct its transfer agent to so remove such legend) from the Initial Warrant Shares and Subsequent Warrant Shares, as applicable, if (1) the applicable BVI Registration Statement is and continues to be effective under the Securities Act, (2) such Initial Warrant Shares or Subsequent Warrant Shares, as applicable, are sold or transferred pursuant to Rule 144 (if the transferor is not an affiliate of the BVI Affiliate and subject to all applicable requirements of Rule 144 being met), or (3) such Initial Warrant Shares or Subsequent Warrant Shares, as applicable, are eligible for sale under Rule 144, without the requirement for the BVI Affiliate to be in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144(c)(1) (or Rule 144(i)(2), if applicable) as to such Initial Warrant Shares or Subsequent Warrant Shares, as applicable, and without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions; provided that the applicable Seller(s) shall have timely provided customary representations and other documentation reasonably acceptable to the BVI Affiliate, its counsel and/or its transfer agent, including, if necessary, a supporting legal opinion of counsel to the sellers (at the applicable Seller’s expense), in connection therewith (the “Representations”). Any fees (with respect to the transfer agent, BVI Affiliate’s counsel or otherwise) associated with the issuance of any legal opinion required by the BVI Affiliate’s transfer agent or the removal of such legend shall be borne by the BVI Affiliate. If a legend is no longer required pursuant to the foregoing, the BVI Affiliate will use commercially reasonable efforts to cause its transfer agent to, as promptly as practicable following the delivery by the applicable Seller to the BVI Affiliate or the transfer agent (with notice to the BVI Affiliate) of the Representations, remove the restrictive legend related to the book entry account holding the Initial Warrant Shares or Subsequent Warrant Shares, as applicable, and make a new, unlegended book entry for such Initial Warrant Shares or Subsequent Warrant Shares, as applicable.

 

  (iv)

The BVI Affiliate agrees that, in the event that an Earn Out Warrant becomes issuable hereunder in accordance with Clause 3.3 (the BVI Shares issuable under any Earn Out Warrant, the “Subsequent Warrant Shares”), the BVI Affiliate will promptly, but no later than the earlier of (A) 60 days thereafter and (B) the date on which BVI Affiliate is otherwise registering the resale of its shares on Form F01 or Form F-3 by one or more third parties, file with the Commission (at the BVI Affiliate’s sole cost and expense) a registration statement (each, a “Subsequent Registration Statement” and together with the Registration Statement, a “BVI Registration Statement”) registering the resale of such applicable Subsequent Warrant Shares, and use commercially reasonable efforts to have the Subsequent Registration Statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof (such date, the applicable “Subsequent Effective Date”); provided, however, that the BVI Affiliate’s obligations to


  include a Seller’s Subsequent Warrant Shares in the Subsequent Registration Statement are contingent upon such Seller furnishing in writing to the BVI Affiliate such information regarding such Seller, the securities of the BVI Affiliate held by such Seller and the intended method of disposition of such Subsequent Warrant Shares as shall be reasonably requested by the BVI Affiliate to effect the registration of the Subsequent Warrant Shares, and such Seller shall execute such documents in connection with such registration as the BVI Affiliate may reasonably request that are customary of a selling stockholder in similar situations, including providing that the BVI Affiliate shall be entitled to postpone and suspend the effectiveness or use of the Subsequent Registration Statement during any customary blackout or similar period or as permitted hereunder. The BVI Affiliate shall provide a draft of the Subsequent Registration Statement to the Seller Representative at least two (2) Business Days in advance of its anticipated initial filing date; provided that the Seller Representative agrees to keep confidential the receipt of such Subsequent Registration Statement and the information contained therein until filed with the Commission. It is further agreed that the “Plan of Distribution” shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Seller Representative prior to any filing of the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Commission prevents the BVI Affiliate from including any or all of the Subsequent Warrant Shares proposed to be registered under the Subsequent Registration Statement due to limitations on the use of Rule 415 of the Securities Act for the resale of the Subsequent Warrant Shares by the applicable Seller(s) or otherwise, such Subsequent Registration Statement shall register for resale such number of Subsequent Warrant Shares which is equal to the maximum number of Subsequent Warrant Shares as is permitted by the Commission. In such event, the number of Subsequent Warrant Shares to be registered for each Seller named in the Subsequent Registration Statement shall be reduced pro rata among all such Sellers. Upon notification by the Commission that the Subsequent Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission, within two (2) Business Days thereafter, the BVI Affiliate shall file the final prospectus under Rule 424 of the Securities Act.

 

  (v)

Notwithstanding the foregoing Clause 3.2.2(iv), the BVI Affiliate shall not be required to comply with Clause 3.2.2(iv) if all Subsequent Warrant Shares are otherwise registered for immediate public resale and without any restrictive legends at the time such Subsequent Warrant Shares become exercisable and available for purchase by the applicable Seller under the applicable Warrant.

 

3.3.

Earn Out

 

3.3.1.

First Earn Out. In addition to the Purchase Price, in the event the First Earn Out Conditions are satisfied, the BVI Affiliate shall issue and deliver: (A) to each Seller, other than an Unaccredited Seller, a warrant in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 3.3 (each a “First Earn Out Warrant” and collectively, the “First Earn Out Warrants”) exercisable for such number of BVI Shares equal to the product of (i) the percentage set forth opposite to such Seller’s name on Schedule 3.3.1 (such applicable percentage for each respective Seller, including any Unaccredited Seller, the “Earn Out


  Percentage”), and subject to the Earn Out Percentage Adjustment (defined below), multiplied by (ii) the First Earn Out Shares Amount, rounded down to the nearest whole BVI Share, and (B) to each Unaccredited Seller, immediately available funds, to the bank account for such Seller described on Schedule 3.2.1(iii), in an amount (the “First Earn Out Cash Payment”) equal to the product of (i) such Unaccredited Seller’s Earn Out Percentage, subject to the Earn Out Percentage Adjustment, multiplied by (ii) the First Earn Out Shares Amount, rounded down to the nearest whole BVI Share, multiplied by (iii) the Market Price. The First Earn Out Warrants shall be issued, or foregoing cash payment paid in the case of an Unaccredited Seller, as applicable, on the first to occur of (i) 10 days after the Buyer’s issuance of reviewed accounts, approved by the Seller Representative, demonstrating the Company and its Affiliates have collectively received or otherwise booked aggregate Revenue of at least $14,000,000 (fourteen million Dollars) during the First Earn Out Period, or (ii) 10 days after the Buyer’s issuance of reviewed accounts, approved by the Seller Representative, after the end of the First Earn Out Period.

 

3.3.2.

Second Earn Out. In addition to the Purchase Price, in the event the Second Earn Out Conditions are satisfied, the BVI Affiliate shall issue and deliver (A) to each Seller, other than an Unaccredited Seller, a warrant in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 3.3 (each a “Second Earn Out Warrant” and collectively, the “Second Earn Out Warrants”) exercisable for such number of BVI Shares as equals the product of (i) such Seller’s Earn Out Percentage, and subject to the Earn Out Percentage Adjustment, multiplied by (ii) the Second Earn Out Shares Amount, rounded down to the nearest whole BVI Share, and (B) to each Unaccredited Seller, immediately available funds, to the bank account for such Seller described on Schedule 3.2.1(iii), in an amount (the “Second Earn Out Cash Payment” and together with the First Earn Out Cash Payment, each, a “Earn Out Cash Payment”) equal to the product of (i) such Unaccredited Seller’s Earn Out Percentage, subject to the Earn Out Percentage Adjustment, multiplied by (ii) the Second Earn Out Shares Amount, rounded down to the nearest whole BVI Share, multiplied by (iii) the Market Price. The Second Earn Out Warrants shall be issued, or foregoing cash payment paid in the case of an Unaccredited Seller, as applicable, on the first to occur of (i) 10 days after the Buyer’s issuance of reviewed accounts, approved by the Seller Representative, demonstrating the Company and its Affiliates have collectively received or otherwise booked aggregate Revenue of at least $21,000,000 (twenty-one million Dollars) during the Second Earn Out Period, or (ii) 10 days after the Buyer’s issuance of reviewed accounts, approved by the Seller Representative, after the end of the Second Earn Out Period.

 

3.3.3.

Earn Out Percentage Adjustment; Revenue Reports.

 

  (i)

Earn Out Percentage Adjustment. Each Seller Service Provider’s Earn Out Percentage shall automatically adjust as follows (the “Earn Out Percentage Adjustment”), in the event and at such time as when any Seller Service Provider, other than Renato Picard and Joao Albino, loses the right to receive any Earn Out Payment, in accordance with Clause 3.3.11 hereunder, based on such Terminated Seller’s termination of service with the Buyer or any Buyer Affiliate after the Closing and prior to the end of the Earn Out Period, due to such Terminated Seller


  being a Bad Leaver: (i) with respect to a Seller Service Provider that loses the right to receive any Earn Out Payment, such Terminated Seller’s Earn Out Percentage with respect to any Earn Out Payment that has not yet been paid shall be adjusted to equal zero percent (0.00%), and (ii) with respect to each other Seller Service Provider (other than any Terminated Sellers who had previous to such time had their Earn Out Percentage adjusted to equal zero percent (0.00%)), such other Seller Service Providers’ Earn Out Percentages shall be adjusted upwards on a pro-rata basis to reallocate the applicable Terminated Seller’s prior Earn Out Percentage among such other Seller Service Providers on a pro-rata basis, so the aggregate Earn Out Percentages of all such other Sellers shall remain equal to one hundred percent (100%); provided however, that notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the foregoing, in the event that Renato Picard or Joao Albino become a Terminated Seller as a result of being a Bad Leaver, such Terminated Seller’s Earn Out Percentage shall be cancelled and not reallocated among the other Seller Service Providers, such that there shall be no corresponding adjustment of such other Seller Service Provider’s Earn Out Percentage under the foregoing paragraph (ii). Promptly following the occurrence of any Earn Out Percentage Adjustment, the Seller Representative and Buyer shall deliver written notice to the Sellers thereof, with the related Earn Out Percentage Adjustments for each Seller (including any Terminated Seller).

 

  (ii)

Revenue Reports. During the First Earn Out Period and the Second Earn Out Period, the Buyer shall be obliged, upon the Seller Representative’s request after Swvl publicly releases its quarterly results, but no less frequently than on a quarterly basis, to prepare and deliver to the Seller Representative a report which describes in reasonable detail, the Revenues (and sources thereof) during the applicable earn out period (the “Revenue Report”).

If in the opinion of the Seller Representative there is an inaccuracy on the Revenue Report delivered by the Buyer, within 25 (twenty-five) calendar days from the date Buyer delivers the Revenue Report, the Seller Representative and Buyer shall hold meetings to review, discuss and attempt to resolve, in good faith, the discrepancies described by the Seller Representative. The Parties’ legal and accounting advisors may participate in such meetings.

In case of discrepancies between the Buyer and the Seller Representative, at the end of the 25 (twenty-five) calendar days term referred to in the previous paragraph, such discrepancies shall be submitted to the unappealable decision of an auditing firm to be chosen by mutual agreement of the Buyer and the Seller Representative, which shall be any of the following so long as the chosen firm is not otherwise engaged by the Buyer or its Affiliates for other services at such time or during the six (6) months prior to such time: KPMG Cárdenas Dosal, S.C., Mancera, S.C. (Ernst & Young), PricewaterhouseCoopers, S.C. or Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz, Urquiza, S.C., member of Deloitte & Touche Limited. The intervention of the auditing firm will be limited to resolving the points of discrepancy between the Parties. If an agreement for the appointment of the auditors’ firm is not reached within 5 (five) Business Days, counted from the date either of the Buyer and the Seller Representative has requested it in writing, the appointment will be made by the Chamber of Commerce of Mexico City.


Any of the Buyer or the Seller Representative may request the designated firm of auditors to carry out the work mentioned in the preceding paragraph. In the event that the auditing firm accepts the position, it shall have a term of 25 (twenty-five) calendar days from the date on which it is notified of its appointment and is given a copy of the reports prepared by the Buyer and the Seller Representative, respectively, to issue its resolution and establish the amount of Revenue for the applicable period. The resolution of such auditor shall be binding for the Parties.

The fees of the auditor shall be paid by the Buyer and/or the Sellers that the auditor determines that erroneously calculated the Revenue, or by the Buyer, on the one hand, and the Sellers, on the other hand, in equal parts if the auditor determines that the Revenue is different from the one proposed by both parties.

 

3.3.4.

Definitions. For purposes hereof, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

  (i)

Company and its Affiliates” means for Clause 3.3, the Company (including any and all successors), its Affiliates’ (including the Buyer and BVI Affiliate), and their respective direct and indirect subsidiaries, including without limitation the Mexican Subsidiaries.

 

  (ii)

Earn Out” means collectively, the First Earn Out Consideration and the Second Earn Out Consideration.

 

  (iii)

Earn Out Payment” shall mean each of the issuances of the First Earn Out Warrants and the Second Earn Out Warrants, and the payment of the First Earn Out Payment and Second Earn Out Payment.

 

  (iv)

First Earn Out Conditions” means: (i) clearance from COFECE, that the Transaction meets the applicable threshold set forth in Section I Article 86 of the Mexican Federal Antitrust Statute, and that the Sellers’ receipt of the First Earn Out Warrants will not result in any material penalty antitrust related liability to the Sellers, in each case as mutually determined by the Seller Representative and Buyer (together, the “COFECE Approval”), in the understanding that if such authorization is not yet needed with respect to any portion of an Earn Out Payment as following the Sellers’ receipt thereof, as the total purchase price of the Transaction does not reach the applicable threshold set forth by the Mexican Federal Antitrust Statute, this condition shall be waived at Sellers’ full liability and risk with respect to such applicable portion of the Earn Out Payment, and (ii) the Company and its Affiliates collectively receiving or otherwise booking aggregate Revenue during the First Earn Out Period of at least $14,000,000.00 (fourteen million Dollars 00/100).

 

  (v)

First Earn Out Period” means the 12 month period commencing on June 1, 2022.


  (vi)

First Earn Out Shares Amount” means 500,000 BVI Shares.

 

  (vii)

Revenue” means revenue received or receivable, or paid or payable, in Mexico or related to the Company’s and its Affiliates’ business operations in Mexico.

 

  (viii)

Second Earn Out Conditions” means: (i) clearance from COFECE that the Transaction meets the applicable threshold set forth in Section I Article 86 of the Mexican Federal Antitrust Statute, and that the Sellers’ receipt of the Second Earn Out Warrants will not result in any material penalty antitrust related liability to the Sellers, in each case as mutually determined by the Seller Representative and Buyer (together, the “Subsequent COFECE Approval”), in the understanding that if such authorization is not yet needed with respect to any portion of an Earn Out Payment as following the Sellers’ receipt thereof, as the total purchase price of the Transaction does not reach the applicable threshold set forth by the Mexican Federal Antitrust Statute, this condition shall be waived at Sellers’ full liability and risk with respect to such applicable portion of the Earn Out Payment, and (ii) the Company and its Affiliates collectively receiving or otherwise booking aggregate Revenue during the Second Earn Out Period of at least $21,000,000.00 (twenty-one million Dollars 00/100).

 

  (ix)

Second Earn Out Period” means the 12 month period commencing on the first day after the end of the First Earn Out Period.

 

  (x)

Second Earn Out Shares Amount” means 250,000 BVI Shares.

 

3.3.5.

BVI Share Adjustments. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Clause 3.3, the First Earn Out Shares Amount and Second Earn Out Shares Amount shall each be subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any share splits and combinations of BVI Shares and for dividends paid on BVI Shares in additional shares of the BVI Affiliate.

 

3.3.6.

The Earn Out is a price adjustment mechanism subject to variable and contingent events, including performance metrics, and shall not be interpretated as part of the Fixed Consideration or Purchase Price.

 

3.3.7.

COFECE Matters.

 

  (i)

Sellers shall use their reasonable best efforts to obtain the COFECE Approval, Subsequent COFECE Approval, and any additional clearance from COFECE that the Transaction, by virtue of the timing of any Warrant Shares Release Date or payment of the Initial Cash Payments, meets the applicable threshold set forth in Section I Article 86 of the Mexican Federal Antitrust Statute, and that the Sellers’ receipt of the benefit of any portion of the Purchase Price, will not result in any material penalty antitrust related liability to the Sellers, in each case as mutually determined by the Seller Representative and Buyer (any such additional clearance, together with the COFECE Approval and Subsequent COFECE Approval, the “Requisite COFECE Approvals”). Buyer and BVI Affiliate shall use reasonable best efforts to obtain the Requisite COFECE Approvals. Sellers and Buyer shall cooperate in good faith to obtain as promptly as practicable the Requisite COFECE Approvals and all such authorizations and the approvals related thereto.


  (ii)

In furtherance of the foregoing:

 

  (A)

Each of Buyer and Sellers shall submit, as soon as the Seller Representative and Buyer mutually agree in writing that a Requisite COFECE Approval may be applicable to any Earn Out Payment or portion of the Fixed Consideration, all documents reasonably necessary to obtain the applicable Requisite COFECE Approvals. The Persons making such submissions shall promptly (a) furnish each other with copies of any notices, correspondence or other written communication received from the relevant third party, (b) make any appropriate or necessary subsequent or supplemental filings required, and (c) cooperate in the preparation of such filings as is reasonably necessary and appropriate.

 

  (B)

Buyer and Sellers shall not, and shall cause their respective Affiliates not to, take any action that could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the receipt of the applicable Requisite COFECE Approvals; provided that neither Sellers nor Buyer nor any of its respective Affiliates shall have any obligation to hold separate or divest any material assets.

 

3.3.8.

Each of the Seller Representative and Buyer shall provide prompt notification to the other when it becomes aware that any consent or approval is obtained, taken, made, given or denied, as applicable, in each case related to the Requisite COFECE Approvals.

 

3.3.9.

The Seller Representative and/or its counsel, at the Buyer’s expense, shall lead the Parties’ efforts in obtaining the Requisite COFECE Approvals, being responsible for (i) leading any interaction with COFECE (in the understanding that all Parties and/or their counsels will be invited to any meeting with COFECE), and (ii) submitting any and all documents and/or information to COFECE; provided, further, that the Seller Representative and/or its counsel shall allow Buyer and their counsel access to any and all communications received from COFECE and shall keep Buyer and their counsel informed of any and all actions by COFECE, and shall provide copies of any and all communications issued by COFECE.

 

3.3.10.

[Intentionally Omitted].

 

3.3.11.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, with respect to any Seller described on Schedule 3.3.11 (a “Seller Service Provider”), in the event that prior to the expiry of the Second Earn Out Period such Seller’s employment with, or engagement as a service provider to, the Buyer and its Affiliates (including each Mexican Subsidiary), terminates as a result of such Seller Service Provider being a Bad Leaver, such person (a “Terminated Seller”) shall lose his or her entitlement to any Earn Out Warrants or Earn Out Cash Payment that have not yet been issued, or paid, as applicable, to him or her at the time that he or she became a Bad Leaver.

 

3.4.

Indemnification payment adjustments


3.4.1.

Any and all indemnification payments made by the Sellers to the Buyer pursuant to this Agreement shall be treated for tax purposes as adjustments to the Purchase Price.

 

3.5.

Restrictions on Transfer of BVI Securities

 

3.5.1.

The Warrants are, and any BVI Shares issued in connection with the Sellers’ exercise of the Warrants will be, restricted securities under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an available exemption from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, the Sellers shall not, directly or through others, offer or sell any BVI Securities except pursuant to a registration statement or pursuant to Rule 144 or another exemption from registration under the Securities Act, if available. Prior to any Transfer of any BVI Securities issued pursuant to this Agreement by any Seller, other than pursuant to an effective registration statement, the Seller proposing a Transfer of such BVI Securities shall notify the BVI Affiliate of such proposed Transfer and the BVI Affiliate may require such Seller to provide, prior to such proposed Transfer, such evidence that the proposed Transfer will comply with the Securities Act as the BVI Affiliate may reasonably request, which may include written representations and an opinion of counsel if reasonable. The BVI Affiliate may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to any securities that are to be transferred in contravention of this Agreement.

 

3.5.2.

Each Seller agrees that all certificates or other instruments representing BVI Securities will bear a legend substantially to the following effect:

“THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION, AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF SUCH REGISTRATION OR AN EXEMPTION THEREFROM. THE HOLDER WILL NOTIFY ANY SUBSEQUENT PURCHASER OF THIS SECURITY OF THE RESALE RESTRICTIONS REFERRED TO ABOVE.”

 

3.5.3.

In the event that any BVI Shares issued pursuant to any Seller’s exercise of any Warrant (i) become registered under the Securities Act or (ii) are eligible to be transferred without restriction in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act, the BVI Affiliate shall (subject to the receipt of any evidence required under Clause 3.5.1) promptly issue new certificates or other instruments representing such BVI Shares registered in the name(s) requested by Seller or by Seller’s transferee, which certificates or other instruments shall not contain such portion of the above legend that is no longer applicable.

 

4.

SHAREHOLDER APPROVAL

 

4.1.

Each Shareholder hereby acknowledges and agrees that notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association in effect as of the date hereof (the “Articles”), each Shareholder hereby accepts their allocation of the Fixed Consideration and Earn Out as set forth in this Agreement as full payment for their respective Shares under the Articles in connection with the Transaction (and Transaction constituting a Liquidation Event, as defined under the Articles) and hereby waives their right to receive any alternative allocation of such amounts as may otherwise be provided for under the Articles.


5.

CLOSING

 

5.1.

Date and Location

On the terms and subject to the conditions set out in this Agreement, completion of the Transaction (“Closing”) shall take place remotely, via the exchange of applicable documents and signature, on the date hereof (the “Closing Date”).

 

5.2.

Pre-Closing Certificate

The Company shall deliver, prior to Closing Date, a certificate certifying as to each bank account of the Company.

 

5.3.

Deliveries and Actions at Closing

At Closing, all of the actions indicated in Clauses 5.3.1 below shall take place simultaneously as a single act, which shall be deemed to have been carried out at Closing. For the avoidance of doubt, the Closing shall not take place until and unless all of the following actions have been carried out, or waived by the applicable Party:

 

5.3.1.

The Parties agree that the following shall occur no later than on the Closing Date:

 

  (i)

the BVI Affiliate shall issue and deliver the Upfront Warrants to the Sellers in accordance Clause 3.2;

 

  (ii)

the Sellers shall cause the directors, officers and statutory auditors, as applicable, of the Company to submit their resignations effective as of the Closing Date, declaring that no liabilities or amounts are otherwise owed to them by the Company as of the Closing and for any reason whatsoever, by delivering a resignation letter in a form acceptable to the Buyer; and

 

  (iii)

the Company or Seller Representative shall promptly after the Closing deliver to the Buyer an updated Register of Members of the Company evidencing the purchase of the Shares by the Buyer in accordance with the terms hereof;

 

  (iv)

each Seller shall cause the Company to deliver to the Buyer originals or copies of all Books and Records of the Company and agreements in such Seller’s possession;

 

  (v)

the Company shall deliver to the Buyer the USB;


  (vi)

with respect to the Mexican Subsidiaries, the Company shall deliver:

 

   

evidence that all other shareholders of the Mexican Subsidiaries, except for the Company and any other Mexican Subsidiaries, have sold to the Buyer, or any other Person designated by the Buyer, all the shares owned by such other shareholders in the share capital of the Mexican Subsidiaries (the “Nominative Transfers”);

 

   

pursuant to the execution of the Nominative Transfers, tender and endorse in property all the share certificates that represent the totality of the shares owned by all other shareholders of the Mexican Subsidiaries, except for the Company and any other Mexican Subsidiaries, by a duly authorized attorney in fact or by their own right, as applicable, in favor of the Buyer, or any other Person designated by the Buyer;

 

   

pursuant to the execution of the Nominative Transfers, a copy of the entry in the share registry book of each of the applicable Mexican Subsidiaries that evidences the Buyer, or any other Person designated by the Buyer, as the new shareholder of the Mexican Subsidiaries;

 

   

originals or copies of all Books and Records of the Mexican Subsidiaries and agreements in the Sellers’ possession; and

 

   

originals of the following resolutions undertaken, unanimously, by the shareholders of each of the Mexican Subsidiaries (the “Shareholders’ Closing Date Resolutions”) to: (A) approve the transfer of the shares related to the Nominative Transfers in favor of the Buyer, or any other Person designated by the Buyer; (B) waive the shareholders’ pre-emptive rights, if any, or any other right to acquire the shares related to the Nominative Transfers that the shareholders of the Mexican Subsidiaries may have pursuant to the Mexican Subsidiaries by-laws, applicable Law or any other documents; (C) accept the resignations of the board of directors and statutory auditors, if any, and the appointment of a new board of directors or a sole administrator, as per the written instructions of the Buyers prior to the Closing Date]; and (D) release the Mexican Subsidiaries’ directors, officers and statutory auditors appointed prior to the Closing Date Resolutions, from all liabilities to the fullest extent permissible by applicable Law, except for any liabilities arising from willful misconduct, gross negligence, or bad faith.

 

   

original resolution undertaken, unanimously, by the members of the board of directors of Urbvan Commute Operations, S.A.P.I. de C.V. and ID Vans, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (the “Board of Directors’ Closing Date Resolutions”) in order to approve the transfer of the shares related to the Nominative Transfers in favor of the Buyer, or any other Person designated by the Buyer;


  (vii)

[Reserved];

 

  (viii)

the Company shall deliver, or the Buyer shall cause the Company to deliver, by wire transfer of immediately available funds the Expense Fund Amount to the bank account of the Seller Representative indicated on Schedule 5.3.1(viii), which shall be treated as Leakage;

 

  (ix)

the Company shall deliver, or the Buyer shall cause the Company to deliver, by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the applicable Company payee indicated on Schedule 5.3.1(ix), the Transaction Expenses amount corresponding to such payee’s name on such Schedule, which shall be treated as Leakage;

 

  (x)

the Buyer and BVI Affiliate shall each deliver to the Sellers copies of the resolutions or written consents approved and adopted by their respective Boards of Directors approving this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereunder; and

 

  (xi)

the Sellers shall each execute and deliver to the BVI Affiliate an accredited investor certificate in the form attached hereto as Schedule 6C.

 

6.

SELLER’S LIABILITY REGIME

 

6.1.

Representations and Warranties

 

6.1.1.

Each Seller, severally and not jointly with any other Seller, warrants to the Buyer that, except as set forth on Part A of the Disclosure Schedules attached hereto as Exhibit 6.1 (the “Disclosure Schedules”) and which exceptions shall be deemed to be representations and warranties as if made under SCHEDULE 6(A), each of the representations and warranties included in SCHEDULE 6(A) (the “Sellers Representations and Warranties”) are true and accurate with respect to such Seller as of the Closing Date. In addition, the Company warrants to the Buyer that, except as set forth on Part B of the Disclosure Schedules, which exceptions shall be deemed to be representations and warranties as if made under SCHEDULE 6(B), each of the representations and warranties included in SCHEDULE 6(B) (the “Company Representations and Warranties”) are true and accurate as of the Closing Date. The Sellers and the Company specifically disclaim any representation and warranty other than those representations and warranties expressly made by them, as applicable, in SCHEDULE 6(A) and SCHEDULE 6(B), respectively, including any other statutory or implied representation and warranty or representation or warranty arising from any course of dealing, usage or trade practice.


6.1.2.

The Disclosure Schedules shall be arranged in separate parts corresponding to the numbered and lettered sections and subsections contained in SCHEDULE 6(A) and SCHEDULE 6(B), and the information disclosed in any numbered or lettered part shall be deemed to relate to and to qualify only the particular representation or warranty of the Sellers or Company, as applicable, set forth in the corresponding numbered or lettered section or subsection of SCHEDULE 6(A) and SCHEDULE 6(B), except to the extent that (a) such information is explicitly cross-referenced in another part of the Disclosure Schedules, or (b) it is readily apparent on the face of the disclosure (without reference to any document referred to therein) that such information qualifies another representation and warranty in SCHEDULE 6(A) or SCHEDULE 6(B). The disclosure of any information contained in the Disclosure Schedules shall not (a) be deemed to establish a standard of materiality or a basis for interpreting terms such as “material,” “materially,” “materiality,” “Material Adverse Change” or any similar qualification in this Agreement, (b) represent a determination that such item or matter did not arise in the ordinary course of business or (c) be deemed or interpreted to expand the scope of the representations and warranties, obligations, covenants, conditions or agreements contained in SCHEDULE 6(A) or SCHEDULE 6(B). Matters reflected in the Disclosure Schedules are not necessarily limited to matters required by this Agreement to be reflected in the Disclosure Schedules. Such additional matters are set forth for informational purposes and do not necessarily include other matters of a similar nature. The disclosure of any information contained in the Disclosure Schedules shall not be deemed an admission or acknowledgement, in and of itself or solely by virtue of the inclusion of such information in the Disclosure Schedules, that such information is required to be contained in the Disclosure Schedules or that such information is material to the Company or any of its Affiliates. No disclosure in the Disclosure Schedules relating to any possible breach or violation of any agreement or applicable Law shall be construed as an admission or indication that any such breach or violation exists or has actually occurred. The section headings and subheadings in the Disclosure Schedules are for convenience of reference only and shall not be deemed to expand or limit the effect of the disclosures contained in the Disclosure Schedules or to expand or limit the scope of the information required to be disclosed in the Disclosure Schedules.

 

6.2.

Obligation of the Sellers to indemnify the Buyer

From and after the Closing Date but subject to the limitations set forth herein, each Seller shall, severally and not jointly, indemnify, subject to the limitations of liability under this Clause 6 and Clause 8, the Buyer against, and shall compensate and reimburse the Buyer for, such Seller’s Pro Rata Share of any Damages incurred by the Buyer resulting from:

 

6.2.1.

Any inaccuracy or breach of the Seller Representations and Warranties or Company Representations and Warranties as of the Closing Date;

 

6.2.2.

Any untrue statement of a material fact provided by such Sellers to the Buyer and BVI Affiliate to be contained in the Registration Statement, any prospectus included in the Registration Statement or Subsequent Registration Statement, or any form of prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus (in the case of any prospectus, or any form of prospectus or supplement thereto, in light of the circumstances under which they were made); or


6.2.3.

Any breach of any of the contractual obligations undertaken by the Sellers under this Agreement, in each case required to be performed at or after the Closing Date.

 

6.3.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the above Clauses 6.2.1, 6.2.2 or 6.2.3, no Seller shall be liable in any way or amount to the Buyer for any Damages relating to any other Seller’s (i) inaccuracy or breach of any Seller Representations or Warranties, (ii) untrue statements described in Clause 6.2.2 or (ii) breach of any contractual obligations undertaken by any such other Seller under this Agreement or under any of the other Transaction Documents.

 

6.4.

For the purposes of this Agreement, (i) “Damage” means any loss, damage, harm, charge, liability, penalty, fine, or surcharge, interest or expense of any kind (including the reasonable fees or costs related to attorneys, agents in court, notaries, auditors, accountants, experts or other professionals), but excluding any consequential, indirect or punitive damages and loss of profit, and (ii) “Pro Rata Share” shall mean, with respect to a Seller, such percentage set forth opposite to such Seller’s name on Schedule 6.4.

 

6.5.

Monetary limits

 

6.5.1.

Monetary limit for Seller Representation and Warranties. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Clause 6.2:

 

  (i)

no Seller shall be liable for any Damages incurred by the Buyer resulting from either (i) such Seller’s breach of any individual Seller Representations and Warranties, (ii) such Seller’s untrue statements described in Clause 6.2.2, or (iii) the Company’s breach of any individual Fundamental Representations and Warranties, in the event the amount of Damages related to such individual breach is less than 0.1% (one tenth of one percent) of the Purchase Price actually paid to such Seller (the “Seller de Minimis Amount”);

 

  (ii)

no Seller shall be liable for any Damages incurred by the Buyer resulting from such Seller’s (i) breach of the Sellers Representations and Warranties or (ii) untrue statements described in Clause 6.2.2, until such time as the total amount of all Damages incurred by the Buyer (including the Damages arising from such breach or such statements and all other Damages arising from any other breaches or such statements), excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any Claim or Third Party Claim for which the Buyer were not entitled to recover by reason of Clause 6.5.1(i), exceeds 1% (one percent) of the Purchase Price actually paid to such Seller (the “Seller Basket”), in which event the whole amount of all such Damages shall be recoverable and not merely the amount in excess of the Seller Basket; and

 

  (iii)

the maximum aggregate liability payable by a Seller in respect of Damages resulting from such Seller’s (i) breach of the Sellers Representations and Warranties and (ii) untrue statements described in Clause 6.2.2, collectively, after giving effect to the exclusions provided for in Clauses 6.5.1(i) and 6.5.1(ii), shall be 100% (one hundred percent) of the Purchase Price received by such Seller at any time.


6.5.2.

Additional Monetary Limits for Indemnification. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Clause 6.2

 

  (i)

no Seller shall be liable for any Damages incurred by the Buyer and resulting from any individual breach of the Company Representations and Warranties in the event the amount of Damages related to such individual breach is less than 0.1% (one tenth of one percent) of the aggregate Purchase Price actually paid to the Sellers (the “de Minimis Franchise”);

 

  (ii)

no Seller shall be liable for any Damages resulting from the breach of the Company Representations and Warranties until such time as the total amount of all Damages incurred by the Buyer (including the Damages arising from such breach and all other Damages arising from any other such breaches), excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any Claim or Third Party Claim for which the Buyer were not entitled to recover by reason of Clause 6.5.2(i), exceeds 1% (one percent) of the aggregate Purchase Price actually paid to the Sellers (the “Basket”), in which event the whole amount of all such Damages shall be recoverable and not merely the amount in excess of the Basket, in the understanding that all Damages under the de Minimis Franchise shall not be included or recoverable;

 

  (iii)

the maximum aggregate liability payable by the Sellers in respect to any and all Damages resulting from any and all breaches of the Seller Representations and Warranties and Fundamental Representations and Warranties, after giving effect to the exclusions provided for in Clauses 6.5.1(i) and (ii) and 6.5.2(i) and (ii), shall be 100% (one hundred percent) of the Purchase Price actually received by the Sellers at any time;

 

  (iv)

the maximum aggregate liability payable by the Sellers in respect to any and all Damages resulting from any and all breaches of the Company Representations and Warranties, other than the Fundamental Representations and Warranties, after giving effect to the exclusions provided for in Clauses 6.5.1(i) and 6.5.1(ii), shall be 10% (ten percent) of the Purchase Price actually received by the Sellers at any time; and in no event shall any Seller be liable for Damages under Clause 6.2 or otherwise under this Agreement in excess of one 100% (one hundred percent) of the Purchase Price actually received by such Seller at any time.

 

  (v)

For purposes hereof, (a) the amount of Purchase Price “actually received” at any time by a Seller, other than an Unaccredited Seller, shall be equal to the product of (A) the number of BVI Shares issued or issuable under such Seller’s Upfront Warrant, multiplied by (B) the lower of (1) the average of the closing public bid and sale prices for BVI Shares traded on NASDAQ over the ten (10) day period ending on the applicable Warrant Shares Release Date for each of such BVI Shares, and (2) $10.00 (ten Dollars 00/100) (with the amount actually received by


  the Sellers being the aggregate amount of the foregoing with respect to all Sellers collectively), and (b) the term “Warrant Shares Release Date” means with respect to such portion the BVI Shares issued or issuable under the applicable Seller’s Upfront Warrant as described opposite to such Seller’s name on Schedule 6.5.2(v) hereto, either the 6 month, 10 month, 12 month, 16 month or 24 month anniversary date of the Closing Date, in each case as is described as corresponding to such BVI Shares on Schedule 6.5.2(v), provided that in the event a Claim Notice is delivered prior to a BVI Share’s applicable Warrant Shares Release Date, the term “Warrant Shares Release Date” for such applicable BVI Share shall be the date of such Claim Notice.    

 

6.6.

Time limitations to rise claims for breach of Representations and Warranties

 

6.6.1.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Clause 6.2.1 or 6.2.2, no Seller shall be liable to the Buyer for any Damages resulting from a breach of any Seller Representations and Warranties, Clause 6.2.2 or Fundamental Representations and Warranties unless the Claim Notice related to such Damages shall be delivered to the Seller Representative, and such Seller from whom an indemnity is sought, within 5 (five) years from the date hereof.

 

6.6.2.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Clause 6.2.1, no Seller shall be liable to the Buyer for any Damages resulting from a breach of Section 2.9 of Schedule 6(B), unless the Claim Notice related to such Damages shall be delivered to the Seller Representative, and such Seller from whom an indemnity is sought, for the entire period set out under the applicable statute of limitations, plus thirty (30) days thereafter.

 

6.6.3.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Clause 6.2.1, no Seller shall be liable to the Buyer for any Damages resulting from a breach of Company Representations and Warranties, other than as described in Clause 6.6.1 above related to Fundamental Representations and Warranties, unless the Claim Notice related to such Damages shall be delivered to the Seller Representative, and such Seller from whom an indemnity is sought, before the first to occur of (i) the 12 month anniversary date of the Closing Date, or (ii) three (3) months following the completion of Buyer’s next annual financial audit.

 

6.7.

Recovery from a third party

 

6.7.1.

If the Sellers have paid an amount in discharge of any Claim or Third Party Claim, and the Buyer or the Company recovers from a third party a sum which indemnifies or compensates the Buyer or the Company (in whole or in part) for the Damages which are the subject matter of such Claim or Third Party Claim, the Buyer or the Company shall pay to the Sellers, in accordance with their Pro Rata Share, as soon as practicable after receipt of such sum an amount equal to the sum recovered from the third party less any costs and expenses incurred in obtaining such recovery.

 

6.8.

Other limitations of liability

 

6.8.1.

Actual nature of a loss. The Sellers will only be liable in respect of any Damages actually suffered by the Buyer or the Company after the Closing Date. In particular, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, if any Damage shall arise by reason of some liability which at the time that the claim is notified to the Sellers is contingent only, the Sellers shall not be under any obligation to make any payment to the Buyer until such time as such contingent liability ceases to be so contingent and has become an actual liability.


6.8.2.

Insurance. The Sellers shall not be liable in respect of any Damages to the extent that the Claim relates to any Damage which is effectively recoverable by the Buyer (or any assignee or successor in title thereof) or the Company from any of its insurers whether such insurance is taken out before or after the Closing Date.

 

6.8.3.

No Double Recovery. The same Damage under this Agreement shall only give rise to one recovery by the Buyer under this Agreement.

 

6.8.4.

Change in Law. The Sellers shall not be liable in respect of a change in any applicable Law or substantial change in the interpretation of any applicable Law by any applicable court or by any Governmental Authority, in either case occurring after the date of this Agreement, whether or not that change, amendment or withdrawal purports to be effective retrospectively in whole or in part after the Closing Date.

 

6.8.5.

Exclusive Remedy. From and after the Closing Date, the rights to indemnification and reimbursement set forth in this Clause 6 shall be the sole and exclusive monetary remedy of the Buyer (any of its Affiliates) with respect to any breach of this Agreement, including without limitation any matters described in Clause 6.2, by the Sellers or the Company.

 

7.

CLAIMS PROCEDURE

 

7.1.

Notice of a Claim.

Subject to the limitations set forth in Clause 6, the Buyer shall serve written notice to the Seller Representative and such Seller from whom an indemnity is sought (a “Claim Notice”) of any facts or circumstances resulting (i) in any of the Sellers Representations and Warranties or Company Representations and Warranties being untrue as of the Closing Date; and (ii) in any other Damage, resulting from the breach by the Sellers of any of their other contractual obligation under this Agreement, which may result in the Buyer seeking indemnification from the Sellers in accordance with Clauses 6 and 8 (a “Claim”).

Each Claim Notice shall be sent in accordance with Clause 16 and shall contain, with respect to each Claim, (i) a description of the facts and the nature of the Claim, according to the information available at the moment the Claim Notice is served, (ii) a description of the grounds on which the applicable Seller’s liability for Damages arises under this Agreement, and (iii) the amount claimed, if it is possible to quantify at that moment.

The Buyer shall promptly provide to the Seller Representative and such Seller from whom an indemnity is sought the information (in its possession or control) reasonably required to enable the Seller Representative and applicable Seller(s) to analyze any Claim Notice and related Claim brought by the Buyer.


7.2.

Seller Representative Response.

Within fifteen (15) Business Days from receipt of a Claim Notice in accordance with Clause 7.1 above (the “Dispute Period”), the Seller Representative shall send a written notice to the Buyer in accordance with Clause 16 (a “Response”) stating whether:

 

7.2.1.

the Seller Representative considers that the Claim constitutes indemnifiable Damages under this Agreement and either:

 

  (i)

accepts the amount of the Claim, in which case the Sellers shall pay to the Buyer the amount of the Claim in accordance with Clause 8; or

 

  (ii)

does not agree with the amount of the Claim, in which case the Buyer or Seller Representative may start the court proceedings contemplated in Clause 18 below, but only in respect of the disputed amount (or portion of the Claim, as applicable).

 

7.2.2.

the Seller Representative considers that the Claim does not constitute any breach under the Agreement and, therefore, they have no obligation to indemnify the Buyer for any Damages related thereto. In this case, the Buyer or Seller Representative may start the court proceedings contemplated in Clause 18 below. In the event that the Seller Representative fails to send a Response to the Buyer within the Dispute Period, the provisions in Clause 7.2.1(i) shall apply.

 

7.3.

Third Party Claim.

In the event that any third party delivers notice of a claim (in Court or directly to the Buyer) with respect to which any Seller may become obligated to indemnify Buyer pursuant to Clause 6 (a “Third Party Claim”), the Buyer shall give notice to the Seller Representative and such Seller from whom an indemnity is sought of such a Third Party Claim by serving notice of a Claim in accordance with Clause 7.2 above and no later than ten (10) Business Days after the day when the Buyer was delivered the Third Party Claim.

The provisions in Clause 7.2 above shall also apply to any Claim Notice delivered to the Seller Representative based on a Third Party Claim. Additionally, the Seller Representative may state in the Response that they (or the Sellers) will undertake the defense of the Buyer in the Third Party Claim, in which case the Buyer shall:

 

  (a)

promptly execute as many powers of attorney (including general powers to conduct litigation) in favor of as many attorneys and solicitors as the Seller Representative may reasonably request, provided that the Buyer may however appoint its own co counsel (at the Buyer’s expense), in which case no action will be taken, or strategy will be followed by the Seller Representative without at least consulting with the Buyer;

 

  (b)

make available to the Seller Representative on a timely basis all documents, records and other materials in the possession of the Buyer required by the Seller Representative for its use in defending the Third Party Claim and shall otherwise cooperate with the Seller Representative in the defense of such a claim;


  (c)

not have the right to, and not take any action to, settle, adjust, accept or compromise such Third Party Claim without the consent of the Seller Representative; provided, however, that the Seller Representative shall not unreasonably withhold or delay such consent; and

 

  (d)

be under a duty of diligence when directing the defense of a Third Party Claim and shall make all reasonable efforts to mitigate the Damage that may result from any such Third Party Claim.

If the Seller Representative (or Sellers) does not undertake the defense of the Third Party Claim the Buyer will be entitled to conduct the defense of the Third Party Claim. In this case, the Buyer undertakes to inform the Seller Representative no less frequently than on a monthly basis about the evolution of the Third Party Claim or, earlier, if there is a relevant action to be taken or a court resolution is made in relation to the same.

For the avoidance of doubt, a Third Party Claim resulting from a matter described in Clause 6.2.1, 6.2.2 or 6.2.3 for which the Sellers are liable, will cause an obligation on the Sellers to indemnify the Buyer or the Company, subject to the other limitations set forth in Clause 6, as soon as a final judgment is issued on the Third Party Claim requesting a payment or a settlement is reached with the third party and the Sellers will be bound by any judgment or settlement issued on a Third Party Claim by a Court of competent jurisdiction, even if the defense of the claim or settlement has been undertaken by the Buyer.

 

8.

PAYMENT AND SET OFF OF CLAIMS

Unless otherwise agreed by the Buyer and applicable Seller obligated to make an indemnification payment under Clause 7, any and all amounts to be paid by any Seller to the Buyer as a result of a Claim, will be paid (i) first, by reducing the portion of the Earn Out earned pursuant to Clause 3.2 but not yet delivered by the Buyer to the applicable Seller(s) as a result of a failure to obtain the applicable COFECE Approval, (ii) second, by reducing the portion of the Earn Out earned and delivered by the Buyer to the applicable Seller(s), (iii) third, (a) with respect to an amount owed by a Seller other than an Unaccredited Seller, by reducing the number of BVI Shares issuable but not yet issued upon exercise under the Upfront Warrant issued by the Buyer to such applicable Seller(s), and (b) with respect to an amount owed by an Unaccredited Seller, by first reducing the amount of the Fifth Cash Payment payable but not yet paid to such Unaccredited Seller(s), then, as necessary if an amount remains owed by such Unaccredited Seller, by reducing the Fourth Cash Payment payable but not yet paid to such Unaccredited Seller(s), then, as necessary if an amount remains owed by such Unaccredited Seller, by reducing the Third Cash Payment payable but not yet paid to such Unaccredited Seller(s), then, as necessary if an amount remains owed by such Unaccredited Seller, by reducing the amount of the Second Cash Payment payable but not yet paid to such Unaccredited Seller(s), and then, as necessary if an amount remains owed by such Unaccredited Seller,


by reducing the amount of the First Cash Payment payable but not yet paid to such Unaccredited Seller(s), and (iv) fourth, at the applicable Seller’s option, by either (a) a return of BVI Shares issued upon exercise of the Upfront Warrant issued by the Buyer to the applicable Seller(s), or (b) a payment of cash payment by the applicable Seller, provided that with respect to any Unaccredited Seller, any and all amounts to be paid by such Unaccredited Seller to the Buyer as a result of a Claim shall be paid in cash. For purposes of determining the value of any BVI Shares cancelled, reduced or returned in accordance with the foregoing, the value of a BVI Share shall be the greater of (i) $10.00 (ten Dollars 00/100) (subject to adjustment in the event of any recapitalization, share split, combination, reorganization or similar event affecting the BVI Affiliate’s shares generally), or (ii) the Market Price for BVI Shares, as determined on the date such payment is due.

 

9.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE BUYER

 

9.1.

The Buyer and BVI Affiliate, on the date of execution of this Agreement, hereby represent and warrant to the Sellers that each of the representations and warranties (the “Buyer’s Representations and Warranties”) are true and accurate as of the Closing Date:

 

9.1.1.

Each of Buyer and BVI Affiliate is a company duly incorporated, validly in existence and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction, and it has full power to conduct its business as conducted as of the date of this Agreement and the Closing Date.

 

9.1.2.

Buyer has full power and authority to buy and acquire the Shares.

 

9.1.3.

Each of Buyer and BVI Affiliate has the full power and authority to enter into this Agreement, the Transaction Documents, execute the Transaction and perform their respective obligations hereunder and thereunder. No consent, approval or authorization which has not been obtained at the date of this Agreement or the Transaction Documents is required by either Buyer or BVI Affiliate for entering into the Agreement or the Transaction Documents to which they are a party, executing the Transaction and or performing their respective obligations hereunder and under the Transaction Documents.

 

9.1.4.

This Agreement and the Transaction Documents create valid and binding obligations over each of the Buyer and BVI Affiliate, which are fully enforceable against them in accordance with the terms and conditions set out in the Agreement and the Transaction Documents.

 

9.1.5.

The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents by either the Buyer or BVI Affiliate does not entail a breach of (i) any law, regulation, judgement, order, norm or case-law applicable to the Buyer or BVI Affiliate, including the applicable anti-money laundering laws; (ii) the Buyer’s or BVI Affiliate’s respective by-laws or deed of incorporation or comparable constitutional document(s); or (iii) any contract, agreement or instrument to which the Buyer or BVI Affiliate is a party.


9.1.6.

The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, by the Buyer and BVI Affiliate does not require any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or filing with or notification to, or expiration or termination of any waiting period by, any Governmental Authority, except (i) for applicable requirements, if any, of the Exchange Act, the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq Capital Market, in each case as disclosed on Schedule 9.1.6 hereof, and (ii) where the failure to obtain such consents, approvals, authorizations or permits, or to make such filings or notifications, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change.

 

9.1.7.

Neither Buyer or BVI Affiliate is not insolvent or bankrupt under the laws of its respective jurisdiction, nor unable to pay its respective debts as they fall due.

 

9.1.8.

BVI Affiliate has filed all forms, reports, schedules, statements and other documents, including any exhibits thereto, required to be filed by it with the SEC, together with any amendments, restatements or supplements thereto (collectively, the “SEC Reports”). As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports (i) complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and (ii) did not, at the time they were filed, or, if amended, as of the date of such amendment, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in the case of any SEC Report that is a registration statement, or include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in the case of any other SEC Report.

 

9.1.9.

BVI Affiliate is in compliance in all material respects with the applicable listing and corporate governance rules and regulations of Nasdaq Capital Market.

 

9.1.10.

Neither BVI Affiliate (including, to the knowledge of BVI Affiliate, any employee thereof) nor BVI Affiliate’s independent auditors has identified or been made aware of (i) any fraud that involves BVI Affiliate’s management or other employees who have a role in the preparation of financial statements or the internal accounting controls utilized by BVI Affiliate or (ii) as of the date hereof, any claim or allegation regarding any of the foregoing.

 

9.2.

No other representations and warranties. Except for the specific Buyer’s Representations and Warranties contained in this Clause the Buyer and BVI Affiliate make no other express or implied representations or warranties to the Seller hereunder.

 

9.3.

Remedies for Buyer or BVI Affiliate Breach.

 

9.3.1.

The Buyer and BVI Affiliate hereby agree to severally, but not jointly, indemnify, reimburse and hold the Sellers, the officers, directors and agents of the Sellers, and each person who controls a Seller (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act), harmless from and against any Damages resulting from (i) any breach or inaccuracy of the Buyer’s Representations and Warranties, (ii) any breach of any Buyer or BVI Affiliate covenant or agreement hereunder or under the


  Upfront Warrants or Earn Out Warrants, and (iii) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or Subsequent Registration Statement, any prospectus included in the Registration Statement or Subsequent Registration Statement, or any form of prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus, or arising out of or relating to any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of any prospectus, or any form of prospectus or supplement thereto, in light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading, except to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statements, alleged untrue statements, omissions or alleged omissions are based upon information regarding the Sellers furnished in writing to the BVI Affiliate by the Sellers expressly for use therein or the Sellers have omitted a material fact from such information or otherwise violated the Securities Act, Exchange Act or any state securities law or any rule or regulation thereunder. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of an indemnified party and shall survive the Transfer of the Warrants or BVI Shares by Subscriber. Any Claim delivered by any Seller in respect of Damages described in the foregoing sentence, as well as the Buyer’s response and liability with respect to such a Claim, shall be made, mutatis mutandis, in accordance with—and subject to the limitations established in Clauses 6.1 and 6.2 above.

 

9.3.2.

In addition to the foregoing Clause 9.3.1, in the event Buyer or BVI Affiliate breach any covenant or agreement hereunder with respect to (i) the issuance and delivery of the Upfront Warrants, Earn Out Warrants, or issuance of BVI shares upon exercise thereof, and such breach remains uncured, if curable, 30 days after the occurrence of such breach, or (ii) Clause 3.2.2, other than breaches of Clause 3.2.2 which do not adversely effect a Seller’s ability to resell such Seller’s BVI Shares promptly following exercise of their applicable Warrant, the Seller’s obligations under Clause 6 and Clause 10 shall immediately terminate, without any further force or effect, notwithstanding anything to the contrary therein.

 

10.

NON-COMPETE UNDERTAKING

 

10.1.

The Restricted Sellers acknowledge that the obligations established in this Clause 10 are essential for the Buyer to enter into this Agreement under the conditions established therein, that said obligations are necessary to ensure the continuity of the Business and that its breach may cause substantial damage to the Buyer and the Company. Therefore, the Restricted Sellers acknowledge that there is a legitimate interest, both commercial and industrial, in regulating this non-competition agreement, the non-use of names, brands and domains, and the non-solicitation of certain Company service providers, and they acknowledge that the resulting limitations of this Agreement are adequate and reasonable.

 

10.2.

The Sellers listed on Schedule 10.2 hereto (the “Restricted Sellers”) whether acting directly or indirectly through any related party, Affiliate, on its behalf or on behalf of any third party, undertake from a period of three (3) years from the Closing Date (“Non-Compete Period”) and in relation to the geographic scope of the United Mexican States (the “Non-Compete Geographic Scope”) to refrain from:

 

  (i)

carrying out any activities or operations that compete with the Company’s Business, or managing, controlling, or providing advice or services to any third party that carries out activities or operations that compete with the Business;


  (ii)

promoting, sponsoring or acquiring or holding an interest in any third party, entity or business engaged in activities or operations that compete with the Business;

 

  (iii)

entering into any employment, commercial or professional relationship with any third party, entity or business engaged in activities or operations that compete with the Business;

 

  (iv)

approach or solicit any Person, firm or company who has within two years prior to the Closing been a regular customer of the Company in relation to the Business;

 

  (v)

hiring, enticing away or attempting to hire any employee or member of the management team or persuading them to resign from their position with the Company;

 

  (vi)

interfering with, endangering or otherwise damaging the Company’s business, reputation or commercial relationships with third parties, however, that the foregoing will not prevent a Restricted Seller from entering into any contract with any person who responds to general advertising, or a general solicitation not targeted to the employees of the Company;

 

  (vii)

using or applying for domain names, trade names, trademarks, logos or any other signs that are identical or similar to those used by the Company as of the date hereof, or using or applying for any Intellectual Property Rights that compete with the Business; or

 

  (viii)

making any oral or written statements to third parties whether in public or private that adversely affect the Company, its reputation or its employees or business activities.

 

10.3.

Notwithstanding Clause 10.2 above, the activities in their current form and scope defined in SCHEDULE 10.3 hereto as well as those expressly authorized by the Buyer shall be permitted hereunder and not violate the foregoing Clause 10.2.

 

11.

CONFIDENTIALITY

 

11.1.

The Parties shall, and also shall oblige their Affiliates to, keep all information contained in this Agreement, its Schedules and any additional agreements or ancillary documents that the Parties may execute under (or in connection with) this Agreement, as well as any exchanged information relating to Sellers or the Business (including that information contained in the VDR (jointly, the “Confidential Information”), strictly confidential.


11.2.

Each Party agrees to make the Confidential Information accessible to its directors, officers, employees, investors, agents or professional advisors (all of whom shall be informed of the confidentiality thereof and shall agree to keep it strictly confidential) only as far as necessary for the completion of this Agreement and transactions or matters contemplated to be performed hereunder.

 

11.3.

This confidentiality undertaking will not apply to any Confidential Information (i) which is or becomes (other than as a result of any act or default by any of the Parties) part of the public domain, but solely from the date on which such Confidential Information has become part of the public domain, and (ii) in the event disclosure of Confidential Information is required to comply with any applicable law or request issued by a court of competent jurisdiction or any governmental or regulatory authority (including any rules or regulations of any stock exchange to which a Party or the members of its group are subject) or (iii) to the extent required to complete any actions, perform any obligations or enforce any rights set forth in this Agreement.

 

11.4.

In the event that the Parties consider that it would be appropriate to issue a press release regarding this Agreement, such a press release shall be agreed and jointly issued by the Buyer, BVI Affiliate and Seller Representative. In no case, such press release shall include information regarding the Purchase Price.

 

11.5.

Buyer and BVI Affiliate each hereby waive and shall not assert, and agrees to cause their respective Affiliates (including, after the Closing, the Company and any Company Affiliate) to waive and not to assert, any conflict of interest arising out of or relating to the representation, after the Closing (the “Post-Closing Representation”), of any of the Sellers, or any of their Affiliates or any shareholder, officer, employee or director of the Company or any of its Affiliates (any such Person, a “Designated Person”) in any matter involving the transactions contemplated hereby, by Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr LLP, Ritch Mueller, Sanchez Devanny, and Campbells Law Firm, each legal counsel currently representing the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby (the “Current Representation”). Buyer and BVI Affiliate each agree, and agree to cause their respective Affiliates (including, after the Closing, the Company and any Company Affiliate), to not use any materials that constitute attorney-client privileged communications solely to the extent inherited as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement between by Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr LLP, Ritch Mueller, Sanchez Devanny, and Campbells Law Firm, each legal counsel to the Company, and any Designated Person occurring during the Current Representation prior to the Closing Date solely to the extent related to the negotiation, execution and delivery of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, against the Sellers and the Seller Representative to the detriment of the Sellers and the Seller Representative in connection with a dispute between the Sellers and the Seller Representative, on the one hand, and Buyer, the BVI Affiliate or any of their respective Affiliates, and following the Closing, the Company and any Company Affiliate, on the other hand.

 

12.

ASSIGNMENT OF THE AGREEMENT

This Agreement, or any rights or obligations hereunder, cannot be assigned by either Party without the prior written consent of the Buyer, Buyer Affiliate, the Seller Representative and the Sellers whose aggregate Pro Rata Share exceeds 50%.


Notwithstanding the above, the Buyer may assign any rights or obligations of Buyer hereunder to any member of its affiliated entities with the consent of the Seller Representative, in the understanding that such consent may not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned.

 

13.

TAXES COVENANTS AND EXPENSES

To the extent that any provision of this Agreement conflicts with any provision in this Clause 13, the provisions of this Clause 13 shall supersede and control the matters addressed and described herein. For purposes of this Clause 13, the “Company” shall include the Company and its Affiliates.    

 

  (a)

Expenses. Any and all taxes, costs and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement will be borne by the Buyer and Sellers in accordance with the provisions hereof and the Law. Each of the Buyer and Sellers shall bear the fees of their own lawyers, accountants and advisors.

 

  (b)

Transfer Taxes. The Buyer shall be responsible for the payment of any Transfer Taxes arising in connection with the consummation of the Transaction. The Buyer shall give proper evidence to the Seller Representative upon request regarding the applicability and/or payment of such Taxes, if any.

 

  (c)

Taxes for Pre-Closing Tax Period and Post-Closing Tax Periods. Such Taxes shall be allocated as follows:

 

  (i)

If the Company is permitted, but not required, under applicable Tax laws to treat the Closing Date as the last day of a taxable period, such day shall be treated as the last day of a taxable period. If the Company is not permitted to treat the Closing Date as the last day of a taxable period, then any taxable period that begins on or before and ends after the Closing Date (“Straddle Period”) shall be deemed to be two separate taxable periods consisting of (A) one taxable period ending on the Closing Date (in the Pre-Closing Tax Period) and (B) another taxable period beginning the day after the Closing Date and ending at the end of the taxable period (in the Post-Closing Tax Period).

 

  (ii)

The Taxes for a Straddle Period allocable to the Pre-Closing Tax Period shall be deemed to equal (A) in the case of Taxes that (x) are based upon or related to income or receipts or (y) are imposed in connection with any sale or other transfer or assignment of property, other than Transfer Taxes described in Clause 13(b), the amount which would be payable if the taxable year ended with the Closing Date, and (B) in the case of other Taxes imposed on a periodic basis (including property Taxes), the amount of such Taxes for the entire period multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of calendar days in the period ending with the Closing Date and the denominator of which is the number of calendar days in the entire period.


  (d)

Tax Returns. Buyer shall prepare or cause to be prepared and file or cause to be filed all Tax Returns of the Company. Any such Tax Returns that relate to a Pre Closing Tax Periods or to a Straddle Period shall be prepared in accordance with applicable law and in a manner consistent with prior practice of the Company to the extent consistent with applicable law, and subject to review and consent of Seller, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld.

 

  (e)

All Tax sharing agreements or similar arrangements with respect to or involving the Company shall be terminated prior to the Closing Date and, after the Closing Date, the Buyer and its Affiliates shall not be bound thereby or have any liability thereunder.

 

  (f)

After Closing, each of Buyer and the Seller Representative shall promptly and duly notify the other in writing of the proposed assessment or the commencement of any Tax audit or administrative or judicial proceeding or of any demand or claim with respect to Taxes, of which such party has been informed in writing by any Governmental Entity, which, if determined adversely to the taxpayer or after the lapse of time, could be grounds for indemnification under this Agreement. In the case of a Tax audit or administrative or judicial proceeding or of any demand or claim relating to Taxes with respect to the Company that solely relates to a Pre-Closing Tax Period and that, by itself, would not be expected to have an adverse impact on Taxes of Buyer or the Company in any Post-Closing Tax Period (a “Contest”), the Seller Representative shall have the right, at its expense, but not the obligation, to control the conduct of such Contest.

 

  (g)

Buyer, the Company, and the Seller Representative shall cooperate fully, as and to the extent reasonably requested by the other party, in connection with the preparation and filing of any Tax Returns of the Company and any Tax audit or administrative or judicial proceeding or any demand or claim relating to Taxes with respect to the Company.

 

14.

ENTIRE AGREEMENT

This Agreement, along with the Transaction Documents, constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all agreements, understandings, negotiations and discussions, whether written or verbal, between the Parties prior to the date hereof.

 

15.

INVALIDITY

If any provision of this Agreement would be declared by any judicial or other competent authority to be null and void or otherwise unenforceable, that provision shall be severed from the Agreement, but the remaining provisions of the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

The Parties shall in good faith negotiate to replace such a provision for a valid and enforceable one, in such reasonable manner so as to achieve as much as permitted by law the intention of the Parties.


16.

NOTICES AND COMMUNICATIONS

 

16.1.

Any notice and communication under this Agreement shall be made in writing (in English), and delivered personally, with acknowledgement of receipt, or sent by registered post with acknowledgement of receipt, email with delivery confirmation or any other reliable means providing evidence of receipt. The Parties’ addresses for service shall be as follows:

In the case of Sellers:

As described on Schedule 16.1 with respect to the applicable Seller, and in each case with a copy to, which shall not constitute notice hereunder:

Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP

2600 El Camino Real, Suite 400

Palo Alto, CA 94306

USA

Attention: John W. Rockwell, Esq.

Telephone: +1 650 858 6008

Email: john.rockwell@wilmerhale.com

In the case of the Seller Representative:

Renato Picard

Jardin 115, Tlacopac

Mexico City, Mexico 01040

Telephone: +52 5585537326

Email: renato.picard@gmail.com

and in with a copy to, which shall not constitute notice hereunder:

Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP

2600 El Camino Real, Suite 400

Palo Alto, CA 94306

USA

Attention: John W. Rockwell, Esq.

Telephone: +1 650 858 6008

Email: john.rockwell@wilmerhale.com

And

Kaszek Ventures III, L.P.

Biotec Building, Office 14, Zonamerica, KM 17.500, PC.91600

Montevideo, Uruguay

Attention: Nicolas Berman, Mariana Donangelo and Marcelo Diaz

Telephone: +59 899182932

Email: Nik@kaszek.com; mariana@kaszek.com; and marcelo@kaszek.com


In the case of the Buyer:

Att.: Youssef Salem

Address: Swvl offices, 2nd floor, building 4, one central, Dubai world trade center,

Dubai, UAE

Email address: Youssef.salem@swvl.com

and in with a copy to, which shall not constitute notice hereunder:

Mostafa Kandil

Address: Swvl offices, 2nd floor, building 4, one central, Dubai world trade center,

Dubai, UAE

Email address: mk@swvl.com

And

Pérez Correa González

Insurgentes Sur 1602 - Floor 11, Office 1102 Col. Credito Constructor

03940, Mexico City, Mexico

Attention: Fernando Eraña

Telephone: +52 55 50620054

Email: ferana@pcga.mx

 

16.2.

Notices shall be deemed to have been duly served on the date of the written confirmation of their receipt by the recipient (if sent by email, on the date on which the sender receives a confirmation of “delivered” or “read” from its own system; if sent by registered post, on the date of the acknowledgement of receipt -or rejection of receipt of the notice at the relevant address) and, if delivered personally, on the date of delivery; always provided that such notices are received/delivered on a Business Day before 19:00 hours (recipient’s time). If they were received/delivered on a Business Day after 19:00 hours (recipient’s time), they would be understood to be received/delivered on the following Business Day for the purposes of this Agreement.

 

16.3.

The Parties shall notify each other of any change of their addresses or contact details, which shall be effective on the fifth Business Day after receipt of the notice, unless it specifies a different later date from which the change of address or contact details shall be effective.

 

16.4.

For the purposes of this Agreement, a “Business Day” shall mean a day, other than a Saturday or a Sunday, in which banks are generally open to the public for ordinary transactions in New York.

 

17.

SELLER REPRESENTATIVE

 

17.1.

At the Closing, Renato Picard shall be constituted and appointed as the Seller Representative. The Seller Representative shall be the exclusive representative, agent and attorney in fact for and on behalf of the Sellers for all purposes in connection with this Agreement and the agreements ancillary hereto, including to, (i) give and receive notices,


  instructions and communications permitted or required under this Agreement, or any other agreement, document or instrument entered into or executed in connection herewith, for and on behalf of any Seller, to or from Buyer or BVI Affiliate relating to this Agreement or the Transaction and any other matters contemplated by this Agreement or by such other agreement, document or instrument (except to the extent that this Agreement expressly contemplates that any such notice or communication shall be given or received by each Seller individually), (ii) object to such claims pursuant to Clause 6, (iii) review, negotiate and settle any claims asserted by Buyer pursuant to Clause 6, (iv) consent or agree to, negotiate, enter into, or, if applicable, contest, prosecute or defend, settlements and compromises of, and demand arbitration and comply with orders of courts and awards of arbitrators with respect to, such claims, resolve any such claims, take any actions in connection with the resolution of any dispute relating hereto or to the Transaction by arbitration, settlement or otherwise, and take or forego any or all actions permitted or required of any Seller or necessary in the judgment of the Seller Representative for the accomplishment of the foregoing and all of the other terms, conditions and limitations of this Agreement, (v) consult with legal counsel, independent public accountants and other experts selected by it, solely at the cost and expense of the Sellers, (vi) consent or agree to any amendment to this Agreement or any agreement ancillary hereto or to waive any terms and conditions of this Agreement providing rights or benefits to the Sellers in accordance with the terms hereof and in the manner provided herein, and (vi) take all actions necessary or appropriate in the judgment of the Seller Representative for the accomplishment of the foregoing, in each case without having to seek or obtain the consent of any Person under any circumstance. Buyer, BVI Affiliate and their respective Affiliates (including after the Closing Date, the Company and Mexican Subsidiaries) shall be entitled to rely on the appointment of Renato Picard as the Seller Representative and treat such Seller Representative as the duly appointed attorney-in-fact of each Seller and has having the duties, power and authority provided for in this Clause 17. The Sellers shall be bound by all actions taken and documents executed by the Seller Representative in connection with this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and Buyer shall be entitled to rely exclusively on any action or decision of the Seller Representative. The Seller Representative may resign at any time. The Person serving as the Seller Representative may be removed or replaced from time to time, or if such Person resigns from its position as the Seller Representative, then a successor may be appointed, by the Sellers whose aggregate Pro Rata Share exceeds 50% collectively, in each case upon not less than thirty (30) days’ prior written notice to Buyer. No bond shall be required of the Seller Representative.

 

17.2.

The Seller Representative shall not be liable to any Seller for any act done or omitted hereunder as the Seller Representative while acting in good faith (and any act done or omitted pursuant to the advice of counsel shall be conclusive evidence of such good faith) and without gross negligence or willful misconduct. The Seller Representative shall serve as the Seller Representative without compensation; provided that the Sellers shall severally but not jointly indemnify the Seller Representative and hold it harmless against any Damages or expense incurred without gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith on the part of the Seller Representative and arising out of, resulting from or in connection with the acceptance or administration of its duties hereunder, including all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses and legal fees and other legal costs


  reasonably incurred by the Seller Representative (the “Seller Representative Expenses”). If not paid directly to the Seller Representative by the Sellers, such Losses or expenses may be recovered by the Seller Representative from the funds in the Expense Fund Amount; provided, that while this section allows the Seller Representative to be paid from the aforementioned sources of funds, this does not relieve the Sellers from their obligation to promptly pay such Seller Representative expenses as they are suffered or incurred, nor does it prevent the Seller Representative from seeking any remedies available to it at law or otherwise. In no event will the Seller Representative be required to advance its own funds on behalf of the Sellers or otherwise. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, any restrictions or limitations on liability or indemnification obligations of the Sellers set forth elsewhere in this Agreement are not intended to be applicable to the indemnities provided to the Seller Representative under this Clause. The foregoing indemnities will survive the Closing, the resignation or removal of the Seller Representative or the termination of this Agreement.

 

17.3.

After the Closing, any notice or communication given or received by, and any decision, action, failure to act within a designated period of time, agreement, consent, settlement, resolution or instruction of, the Seller Representative that is within the scope of the Seller Representative’s authority under Clause 17.1 shall constitute a notice or communication to or by, or a decision, action, failure to act within a designated period of time, agreement, consent, settlement, resolution or instruction of all the Sellers and shall be final, binding and conclusive upon each such Sellers; and Buyer and BVI Affiliate shall be entitled to rely exclusively upon any such notice, communication, decision, action, failure to act within a designated period of time, agreement, consent, settlement, resolution or instruction as being a notice or communication to or by, or a decision, action, failure to act within a designated period of time, agreement, consent, settlement, resolution or instruction of, each and every such Seller. Buyer and BVI Affiliate, and after the Closing, the Company and Mexican Subsidiaries, are hereby relieved from any liability to any Person for any acts done by them in accordance with such notice, communication, decision, action, failure to act within a designated period of time, agreement, consent, settlement, resolution or instruction of the Seller Representative.

 

17.4.

Upon the Closing, the Company will wire to the Seller Representative the Expense Fund Amount, which shall be treated as Leakage, which will be used for the purposes of paying directly, or reimbursing the Seller Representative for, any Seller Representative Expenses incurred pursuant to this Agreement and the agreements ancillary hereto. The Seller Representative is not providing any investment supervision, recommendations or advice and shall have no responsibility or liability for any loss of principal of the Expense Fund Amount other than as a result of its gross negligence or willful misconduct. The Seller Representative is not acting as a withholding agent or in any similar capacity in connection with the Expense Fund Amount, and has no tax reporting or income distribution obligations. The Seller Representative may contribute funds to and increase the Expense Fund Amount from any consideration otherwise distributable to the Sellers. The Sellers will not receive any interest or earnings on the Expense Fund Amount and irrevocably transfer and assign to the Seller Representative any ownership right that they may otherwise have had in any such interest or earnings. As soon as practicable following the earlier of the date that is 30 days after the end of the Second Earn Out


  Period and the completion of the Seller Representative’s responsibilities, the Seller Representative will deliver any remaining balance of the Expense Fund Amount, if applicable, to the Sellers in accordance with their original Pro Rata Share (notwithstanding any subsequent adjustment thereto in accordance with the terms hereof). For tax purposes, the Expense Fund Amount will be treated as having been received and voluntarily set aside by the Sellers at the time of Closing.

 

18.

GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION

 

18.1.

Governing law.

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the applicable internal Laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of laws .

 

18.2.

Dispute resolution

Any and all disputes, controversies or claims arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be finally settled under the Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce (the “ICC Rules”).

The seat of arbitration shall be New York City, New York. The arbitration shall be conducted in the English language.

The dispute shall be resolved by 3 (three) arbitrators. Each party shall nominate one arbitrator as provided by the ICC Rules. The two party-nominated arbitrators shall nominate the third arbitrator, who shall serve as the president of the tribunal, within 30 (thirty) days of the date of confirmation of the appointment of the second arbitrator in accordance with the ICC Rules. Any arbitrator not timely nominated hereunder shall be appointed in accordance with the ICC Rules. The arbitrators shall be fluent in English.

Any arbitration hereunder shall be confidential, and the Parties shall not, and shall cause their Representatives not to, disclose to any third party the existence or status of the arbitration and all information made known and documents produced in the arbitration not otherwise in the public domain, and all awards arising from the arbitration (together, the “Confidential Arbitration Information”), except and to the extent that disclosure is required by applicable Law or is required to protect or pursue a legal right; provided, that a Party shall request, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, that any Confidential Arbitration Information which may be required to be disclosed to a court, tribunal or any Governmental Authority be considered confidential business information that should be kept under seal and outside the public domain.

The prevailing party, as determined by the arbitral tribunal, shall be entitled to recover its costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees from the non-prevailing party.

The award rendered by the arbitral tribunal shall be final and binding to the Parties thereto and may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction.


19.

COUNTERPARTS

This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the Parties on separate counterparts, each of which when executed and delivered shall constitute an original, but all the counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument deemed executed on the date indicated on the heading of this Agreement.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

The Buyer

SWVL GLOBAL FZE

/s/ Mostafa Essa Mohamed Mohamed Kandil

By: Mr. Mostafa Essa Mohamed Mohamed Kandil

Position: Chief Executive Officer

BVI Affiliate

SWVL HOLDINGS CORP

/s/ Youssef Salem

By: Mr. Youssef Salem

Position: Chief Financial Officer

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

The Company

URBVAN MOBILITY LIMITED

/s/ Renato Picard

By: Renato Picard

Position: Director

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Renato Picard, solely in his capacity as Seller Representative

/s/ Renato Picard

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

JOAO DE MATOS COELHO ALBINO

/s/ Joao De Matos Coelho Albino

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

RENATO PICARD ALVAREZ

/s/ Renato Picard Alvarez

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

ANGEL VENTURES PACIFIC ALLIANCE FUND II,

LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

By: Angel Ventures II GP LP

/s/ Camilo Kejner

Position: Managing Representative

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

BANCO ACTINVER, S.A. INSTITUCIÓN DE BANCA MÚLTIPLE, GRUPO

FINANCIERO ACTINVER, ACTING AS TRUSTGEE OF IRREVOCABLE TRUST

F/4862, DESIGNATED AV PACIFIC ALLIANCE TRUST

/s/ Mauricio Rangel Laisequillas / Fernando Javier Lepine Camerena

By: Mauricio Rangel Laisequillas / Fernando Javier Lepine Camerena

Position: Trustee Delegates

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

BANCO ACTINVER, S.A. INSTITUCIÓN DE BANCA MÚLTIPLE, GRUPO

FINANCIERO ACTINVER, EN SU CARÁCTER DE FIDUCIARIO DEL

FIDEICOMISO DE INVERSIÓN EN CAPITAL PRIVADO NO. F/1596

DENOMINAO NAZCA MX-A ALLIANCE TRUST

/s/ Mauricio Rangel Laisequillas

By: Mauricio Rangel Laisequillas

Position: Trustee Delegate

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

BANCO ACTINVER, S.A., INSTITUCIÓN DE BANCA MÚLTIPLE, GRUPO

FINANCIERO ACTINVER, EN SU CARÁCTER DE FIDUCIARIO DEL

FIDEICOMISO DE INVERSIÓN EN CAPITAL PRIVADO NO. F/1596

DENOMINADO NAZCA MX-A

/s/ Alejandra Peňa Martin

By: Alejandra Peňa Martin

Position: Delegado Fiduciario

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

CONNY & CO. AG

/s/ Dr. Cornelius Boersch

By: Dr. Cornelius Boersch

Position: Director

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

DILA CAPITAL III, L.P.

Represented by its General Manager, Dila III LLC

/s/ Eduardo Clave Robina

By: Eduardo Clave Robina

Position: Managing Partner

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

DR. CORNELIUS BOERSCH

/s/ Dr. Cornelius Boersch

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

ELÍAS ACHAR LEVY

/s/ Elias Achar Levy

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

KASZEK VENTURES III, L.P.

By: Kaszek Partners III, L.P, its General Partner

By: Kaszek Partners III, Ltd., its General Partner

/s/ Nicolas Szekasy

By: Nicolas Szekasy

Position: Director

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

LIIL CVC, S.A.P.I. de C.V.

/s/ Verne Lizano

By: Verne Lizano

Position: CEO

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

MOUNTAIN PARTNERS AG

/s/ Dr. Cornelius Boersch

By: Dr. Cornelius Boersch

Position: Director

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

SION SHAMOSH LEVY

/s/ Sion Shamosh Levy

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

THE EFRUSY FAMILY TRUST

/s/ Kevin Efrusy

By: Kevin Efrusy

Position: Manager

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

URBVAJ, S.A.P.I. DE C.V.

/s/ Andres Azcarraga Rivera Torres

By: Andres Azcarraga Rivera Torres

Position: Partner

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

VALORARZE, S.A.P.I. DE C.V.

/s/ Jaime Enrique Zunzunegui Villegas

By: Jaime Enrique Zunzunegui Villegas

Position: Director

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

VENTURE BUILDER NAZCA MX-A, S.A.P.I. DE C.V.

/s/ Hector Sepulveda

By: Hector Sepulveda

Position: Managing Partner

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

CAPRIA SEED SERIES, A SERIES OF CAPRIA FUND LLC

/s/ William Poole VIII

By: William Poole VIII

Position: Manager, Capria Manager LLC, it’s manager

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

CAPRIA II GP LLC

/s/ William Poole VIII

By: William Poole VIII

Position: Manager

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

COMERCIALIZADORA EAYEA S.A. DE C.V.

/s/ Carlos Jose Peyrelongue Diener

By: Carlos Jose Peyrelongue Diener

Position: Legal representative

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

EMILIO OLAVARRI HERVELLA

/s/ Emilio Olavarri Hervella

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

RAMON GOMEZ DEL VALLE

/s/ Ramon Gomez Del Valle

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

DHARWIN AARÓN PÉREZ RODRÍGUEZ

/s/ Dharwin Aarón Pérez Rodríguez

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

ANDRUS SAID MANCERA CHÁVEZ

/s/ Andrus Said Mancera Chávez

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

JAIME SEVILLA SAVARIEGO

/s/ Jaime Sevillas Savariego

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

ÓSCAR ARTURO MENDOZA CAMPOS

/s/ Óscar Arturo Mendoza Campos

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

RINAY PICARD

/s/ Rinay Picard

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

JOSE VICENTE TORRES GARIBAY

/s/ Jose Vicente Torres Garibay

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

SANTIAGO ARNAU RULE

/s/ Santiago Arnau Rule

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

LUIS ARMANDO CHÁVEZ SOTO

/s/ Luis Armando Chávez Soto

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

ESTEFANIA ABURTO SALINAS

/s/ Estafania Aburto Salinas

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

MAX CESAR LINARES

/s/ Max Cesar Linares

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

ANDRÉS GONZÁLEZ

/s/ Andrés González

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

GABRIELA ESQUIVEL GUADARRAMA

/s/ Gabriela Esquivel Guadarrama

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

BRAULIO VALENZUELA MENDOZA

/s/ Braulio Valenzuela Mendoz

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

KEVIN BRYAN GARCIA ALONSO

/s/ Kevin Bryan Garcia Alonso

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

TABATA WADGYMAR IÑIGUEZ

/s/ Tabata Wedgymar Iñiguez

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

MAURICIO IVAN LEMALE ABARCA

/s/ Maricio Ivan Lemale Abarca

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

SANTOS VALDEZ GONZALEZ ISSUR

/s/ Santos Valdez Gonzalez Issur

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

JESUS CHAGOYA PEREZ

/s/ Jesus Chagoya Perez

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

MARIANA ALEJANDRA FUENTES PEÑUELAS

/s/ Mariana Alejandra Fuentes Peñuelas

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

ANA LAURA LAZO OJEDA

/s/ Ana Laura Lazo Ojeda

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

KARLA STEPHANIA LOPEZ GALVAN

/s/ Karla Stephania Lopez Galvan

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

YAIR DANIEL LOPEZ MEDINA

/s/ Yair Daniel Lopez Medina

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

JESUS ALEJANDRO MATHEUS SPOSITO

/s/ Jesus Alejandro Matheus Sposito

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

LUIS OCARIZ BARRERA

/s/ Luis Ocariz Barrera

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

EMANUEL FERNANDO MORALES RODRIGUEZ

/s/ Emanuel Fernando Morales Rodriguez

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

KARLA AIMEE SANCHEZ JIMENEZ

/s/ Karla Aimee Sanchez Jemenez

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

SANDRA PAOLA HUERTA AGUILAR

/s/ Sandra Paola Huerta Aguilar

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

SERGIO HERNÁNDEZ GARCÍA

/s/ Sergio Hernández García

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

BERENICE BRIBIESCA IBARRA

/s/ Berenice Bribiesca Ibarra

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

SANDRA JUDITH CONTRERAS ORTIZ

/s/ Sandra Judith Contreras Ortiz

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this sale and purchase agreement has been duly executed by the Parties in the place and on the first date above written.

Seller

MIGUEL ANGEL TOLEDANO JUAREZ

/s/ Miguel Angel Toledano Juarez

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[Signature Page to Sale and Purchase Agreement]

EX-10.28

Exhibit 10.28

FORM OF UPFRONT WARRANT

THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS INSTRUMENT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF EXCEPT WHILE A REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING THERETO IS IN EFFECT UNDER SUCH ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS OR PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER SUCH ACT OR SUCH LAWS.

THIS INSTRUMENT IS ISSUED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF A SALE AND PURCHASE AGREEMENT, DATED AS OF [•], 2022, BY AND BETWEEN SWVL GLOBAL FZE, SWVL HOLDINGS CORP, URBVAN MOBILITY LTD., THE SELLERS REFERRED TO THEREIN AND THE SELLER REPRESENTATIVE REFERRED TO THEREIN, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE ISSUER. THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS INSTRUMENT MAY NOT BE SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH SAID AGREEMENT. ANY SALE, PLEDGE, ASSIGNMENT OR OTHER TRANSFER NOT IN COMPLIANCE WITH SAID AGREEMENT WILL BE VOID.

WARRANT No. [•]

to purchase

[•]

Class A Ordinary Shares

SWVL HOLDINGS CORP

a British Virgin Islands Business Company

Issue Date: [•], 2022

1. Definitions. Unless the context otherwise requires, when used herein the following terms shall have the meanings indicated.

Affiliate” has the meaning ascribed to it in the Purchase Agreement.

Applicable Law” has the meaning ascribed to it in the Purchase Agreement.

Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Corporation, including any duly authorized committee thereof.

Business Combination” means a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar transaction that requires the approval of the Corporation’s shareholders.

Business Day” means any day except Saturday, Sunday and any day which shall be a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York or the British Virgin Islands, as applicable, generally are authorized or required by law or other governmental actions to close.


Capital Stock” means (A) with respect to any Person that is a corporation or company, any and all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated) of capital or capital stock of such Person and (B) with respect to any Person that is not a corporation or company, any and all partnership or other equity interests of such Person.

Claim” has the meaning ascribed to it in the Purchase Agreement.

Closing Date” has the meaning ascribed to it in the Purchase Agreement.

Corporation” means Swvl Holdings Corp, a British Virgin Islands business company.

conversion” has the meaning set forth in Section 13(B).

convertible securities” has the meaning set forth in Section 13(B).

Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor statute, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Exercise Price” means $0.0001.

Expiration Date” means the date that is the thirty-six (36) month anniversary of the Closing Date.

Fair Market Value” means, with respect to any security or other property, the fair market value of such security or other property as determined by the Board of Directors, acting in good faith.

Fifth Tranche Shares” means [____] Ordinary Shares (as such number of Shares may be adjusted from time to time pursuant to Section 13 hereof).

First Tranche Shares” means [____] Ordinary Shares (as such number of Shares may be adjusted from time to time pursuant to Section 13 hereof).

Fourth Tranche Shares” means [____] Ordinary Shares (as such number of Shares may be adjusted from time to time pursuant to Section 13 hereof).

Initial Number” has the meaning set forth in Section 13(B).

Market Price” means, with respect to the Ordinary Shares, for any given date, the simple arithmetic average of the volume weighted average price as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page “SWVL <equity> AQR” (or its equivalent successor if such page is not available) in respect of the period from the scheduled open of trading until the scheduled close of trading of the primary trading session on each applicable trading day for each of the ten trading days immediately preceding (but not including) such date of the last reported sale price, regular way, or, in case no such reported sales take place on such ten days, the ten-day trailing average of closing bids and ask prices, regular way, of the Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq for each such trade. If the Ordinary Shares are not listed on the Nasdaq on any date of determination, the Market Price of the Ordinary Shares on such date of determination means the

 

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simple arithmetic average over the ten trading days immediately preceding (but not including) such date of the closing sale price as reported in the composite transactions for the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Ordinary Shares are so listed or quoted, or, if no closing sale price is reported, the simple arithmetic average over the ten trading days immediately preceding (but not including) such date of the last reported sale price on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Ordinary Shares are so listed or quoted, or, if the Ordinary Shares are not so listed or quoted on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, the simple arithmetic average over the ten trading days immediately preceding (but not including) such date of the last quoted bid price for the Ordinary Shares in the over-the-counter market as reported by Pink Sheets LLC or a similar organization, or, if that bid price is not available, the Market Price of the Ordinary Shares on that date shall mean the Fair Market Value per share as determined by the Board of Directors in reliance on an opinion of a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm retained by the Corporation for this purpose and certified in a resolution of the Board of Directors sent to the Warrantholder. For the purposes of determining the Market Price of the Ordinary Shares following the occurrence of an event, (i) each trading day shall be deemed to commence immediately after the regular scheduled closing time of trading on the Nasdaq or, if trading is closed at an earlier time, such earlier time and (ii) each trading day shall end at the next regular scheduled closing time, or if trading is closed at an earlier time, such earlier time (for the avoidance of doubt, and as an example, if the Market Price is to be determined as of the last trading day preceding a specified event and the closing time of trading on a particular day is 4:00 p.m. New York City time and the specified event occurs at 5:00 p.m. New York City time on that day, the Market Price would be determined by reference to such 4:00 p.m. New York City time closing price). For the avoidance of doubt, any volume weighted average price shall be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session trading hours.

Ordinary Cash Dividends” means a dividend, consistent with the Corporation’s then-current dividend policy, on Ordinary Shares out of surplus or net profits legally available therefor (determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in effect from time to time).

Ordinary Shares” or “Shares” means the Corporation’s Class A Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 per share.

Permitted Transactions” has the meaning set forth in Section 13(B).

Person” has the meaning given to it in Section 3(a)(9) of the Exchange Act and as used in Sections 13(d)(3) and 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act.

Purchase Agreement” means the Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of Shares, dated as of [•], 2022, as amended from time to time, between the Sellers (as defined therein), Urbvan Mobility Ltd., Swvl Global FZE, the Corporation and the Seller Representative (as defined therein), including all schedules and exhibits thereto.

SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

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Second Tranche Shares” means [____] Ordinary Shares (as such number of Shares may be adjusted from time to time pursuant to Section 13 hereof).

Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any successor statute, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Third Tranche Shares” means [____] Ordinary Shares (as such number of Shares may be adjusted from time to time pursuant to Section 13 hereof).

Warrant” means this Warrant, issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

Warrant Agent” has the meaning set forth in Section 15.

Warrant Shares” means the Shares issuable or issued upon exercise of this Warrant, which shall initially equal the sum of (i) the First Tranche Shares, plus (ii) the Second Tranche Shares, plus (iii) the Third Tranche Shares, plus (iv) the Fourth Tranche Shares, plus (v) the Fifth Tranche Shares, and thereafter may be adjusted from time to time pursuant to Section 13 hereof.

Warrantholder” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.

2. Number of Shares; Exercise Price. This certifies that, for value received, [•] or its permitted assigns (the “Warrantholder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth, to acquire from the Corporation, in whole or in part, up to an aggregate of [____] fully paid and non-assessable Ordinary Shares (as such number of Shares may be adjusted from time to time pursuant to Section 13 hereof), at a purchase price equal to the Exercise Price. The number of Warrant Shares is subject to adjustment as provided herein, and all references to “Ordinary Shares” and “Shares” herein shall be deemed to include any such adjustment or series of adjustments.

3. Exercise of Warrant; Term.

(A) Subject to Section 2, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, rules and regulations, the right to purchase the Shares represented by this Warrant is exercisable, in whole or in part, by the Warrantholder, at any time or from time to time after (i) with respect to the First Tranche Shares, the six-month anniversary date of the Closing Date, (ii) with respect to the Second Tranche Shares, the ten-month anniversary date of the Closing Date, (iii) with respect to the Third Tranche Shares, the twelve-month anniversary date of the Closing Date, (iv) with respect to the Fourth Tranche Shares, the sixteen-month anniversary date of the Closing Date, and (v) with respect to the Fifth Tranche Shares, the twenty-four-month anniversary date of the Closing Date, but in no event later than 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the Expiration Date, by (i) the surrender of this Warrant (if in certificated form) and delivery of an executed Notice of Exercise or Sale in substantially the form annexed hereto, duly completed and executed on behalf of the Warrantholder, at the principal executive office of the Corporation located at The Offices 4, One Central, Dubai World Trade Centre, United Arab Emirates (or such other office or agency of the Corporation in the United States as it may designate by notice in writing to the Warrantholder at the address of the Warrantholder appearing on the books of the Corporation), and (ii) payment of the Exercise Price on a “cashless basis” by adjusting the number of Ordinary Shares issuable in respect of such exercise upon surrender of the Warrant as provided in the

 

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following sentence. For any exercise of this Warrant, the number of Ordinary Shares issuable in respect of such exercise upon surrender of the Warrant shall be reduced by a number of Ordinary Shares equal to the quotient of (x) the aggregate Exercise Price due in respect of such exercise, divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq over the ten trading days prior to but not including the date of exercise.

(B) If the Warrantholder does not exercise this Warrant in its entirety or does not sell this Warrant in its entirety, as the case may be, the Warrantholder will be entitled to receive from the Corporation within ten Business Days a new warrant in substantially identical form for the purchase of that number of Shares equal to the difference between the number of Shares subject to this Warrant and the number of Shares as to which this Warrant is so exercised (in the case of a Warrant exercise) or a new warrant representing the portion of the Warrant that was not sold (in the case of a Warrant sale).

(C) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in the event that the Warrantholder is notified in writing by the Seller Representative or the Corporation that any clearance or approval from, or notice to, COFECE (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) could be required in connection with any exercise of this Warrant for a particular number of Warrant Shares (the “Restricted Shares”), the Warrantholder shall not exercise this Warrant for any of the Restricted Shares until the Warrantholder receives subsequent written notice from the Seller Representative or the Corporation, as applicable, that it may be so exercised as a result of the applicable COFECE (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) clearance, approval and or notice being satisfied or otherwise resolved. The Corporation shall not recognize any exercise and purchase of Restricted Shares hereunder that is in violation of the foregoing covenant.

4. Issuance of Shares; Authorization; Corporation’s Option to Cash Settle.

(A) Certificates for Shares issued upon exercise of this Warrant will be issued in such name or names as the Warrantholder may designate and will be delivered to such named Person or Persons within a reasonable time, not to exceed three Business Days after the date on which this Warrant has been duly exercised in accordance with the terms of this Warrant; provided that, in lieu of such certificates, the Corporation may cause such shares to be issued in book entry form, in which case a statement of book entry interests will be delivered to the Warrantholder within the aforementioned period. The Corporation hereby represents and warrants that any Shares issued upon the exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of Section 3(A) will be duly and validly authorized and issued, fully paid and non-assessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges (other than liens or charges created by the Warrantholder, except as otherwise provided herein, income and franchise taxes incurred in connection with the exercise of the Warrant or taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously therewith). The Corporation agrees that the Shares so issued will be deemed to have been issued to the Warrantholder as of the close of business on the date on which this Warrant, an executed Notice of Exercise or Sale in substantially the form annexed hereto and payment of the Exercise Price are delivered to the Corporation in accordance with the terms of this Warrant, notwithstanding that the share transfer books of the Corporation may then be closed or certificates representing such Shares, or any statement of book entry interests in lieu thereof, may not be actually delivered on such date.

 

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(B) The Corporation shall at all times reserve and keep available, out of its authorized but unissued Ordinary Shares, solely for the purpose of providing for the exercise of this Warrant, the aggregate number of Ordinary Shares as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the exercise of the rights under this Warrant. If at any time the number of authorized but unissued Ordinary Shares shall not be sufficient for purposes of the exercise of this Warrant in accordance with its terms, without limitation of such other remedies as may be available to the Warrantholder, the Corporation shall immediately take all corporate action necessary to increase its authorized and unissued Ordinary Shares to a number of shares as shall be sufficient for such purposes. The Corporation will (x) procure, at its sole expense, the listing of the Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant, subject to issuance or notice of issuance, on all principal stock exchanges on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or traded and (y) maintain such listings of such Ordinary Shares at all times after issuance. The Corporation will use reasonable best efforts to ensure that the Shares may be issued without violation of any Applicable Law or regulation or of any requirement of any securities exchange on which the Ordinary Shares are listed or traded.

(C) (i) Notwithstanding anything in this Warrant or the Purchase Agreement to the contrary, in respect of any exercise of this Warrant (in whole or in part), the Corporation shall have the right to settle such exercise by payment of cash to the Warrantholder in lieu of Ordinary Shares, as provided in this Section 4(C). To exercise its right to cash settle, the Corporation shall (1) no later than three Business Days following the date of such exercise, deliver a notice to the Warrantholder stating (x) that the Corporation is exercising its right to cash settlement, (y) the proportion of the number of Ordinary Shares deliverable in respect of such exercise with respect to which the Corporation elects to cash settle (the “Cash Percentage”) and (z) the aggregate amount of Cash Consideration and Share Consideration (both as defined below) due in respect of such exercise after giving effect to the Corporation’s election and no later than ten Business Days following the date of such cash settlement election exercise, the Corporation shall pay the applicable Cash Consideration to the Warrantholder as provided below and deliver the applicable Share Consideration to the Warrantholder as provided in Section 4(A).

(ii) For each election to cash settle an exercise of this Warrant:

“Cash Consideration” means cash in U.S. dollars in an amount equal to (x) the Cash Percentage times (y) the number of Ordinary Shares due in respect of such exercise as provided in Section 3(A) times (z) the Market Price of the Ordinary Shares, measured from the date of exercise.

“Share Consideration” means Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to (x) one minus the Cash Percentage times (y) the number of Ordinary Shares due in respect of such exercise as provided in Section 3(A). In the event that the resulting Share Consideration includes a fractional Ordinary Share, the Warrantholder shall be entitled to receive a cash payment equal to the Market Price of such fractional Ordinary Share on the last trading day preceding the date of exercise less the Exercise Price.

(iii) Any Cash Consideration due upon exercise shall by payable by the Corporation by wire transfer of immediately available to the Warrantholder at the account designated by the Warrantholder. The Corporation shall wire the aggregate Cash Consideration to the Warrantholder within three Business Days of receiving the wire instructions.

 

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5. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional Shares or scrip representing fractional Shares shall be issued upon any exercise of this Warrant. In lieu of any fractional Share to which the Warrantholder would otherwise be entitled, the Warrantholder shall be entitled to receive a cash payment equal to the Market Price of the Ordinary Shares on the last trading day preceding the date of exercise less the Exercise Price for such fractional share.

6. No Rights as Shareholders; Transfer Books. This Warrant does not entitle the Warrantholder to any voting rights or other rights as a shareholder of the Corporation. The Corporation will at no time close its transfer books against transfer of this Warrant in any manner that interferes with the timely exercise of this Warrant.

7. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Shares to the Warrantholder upon the exercise of this Warrant shall be made without charge to the Warrantholder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such certificates, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Corporation.

8. Transfer/Assignment.

(A) Subject to compliance with clauses (B) and (C) of this Section 8, this Warrant and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, upon the books of the Corporation by the registered holder hereof in person or by duly authorized attorney, and a new warrant shall be made and delivered by the Corporation, of the same tenor and date as this Warrant but registered in the name of one or more transferees, upon surrender of this Warrant, duly endorsed, to the office or agency of the Corporation described in Section 3(A). All expenses (other than stock transfer taxes) and other charges payable in connection with the preparation, execution and delivery of the new warrants pursuant to this Section 8 shall be paid by the Corporation.

(B) Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Warrant and any rights hereunder, and any Shares issued upon exercise of this Warrant, shall be subject to the applicable restrictions as set forth in Section 3.5 of the Purchase Agreement.

(C) If and for so long as required by the Purchase Agreement, this Warrant shall contain a legend as set forth in Section 3.5.2 of the Purchase Agreement.

9. Exchange and Registry of Warrant.

(A) Exchangeability. This Warrant is exchangeable, upon the surrender hereof by the Warrantholder to the Corporation, for a new warrant or warrants of like tenor and representing the right to purchase the same aggregate number of Shares.

(B) Warrant Agent. The Corporation shall initially serve as Warrant Agent under this Warrant. The Corporation shall maintain books (the “Warrant Register”), for the registration of original issuance and the registration of transfer of the Warrants. This Warrant may be surrendered for exchange, exercise, or sale, in accordance with its terms, at the office of the Corporation, and the Corporation shall be entitled to rely in all respects, prior to written notice to

 

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the contrary, upon such Warrant Register. Upon the initial issuance of the Warrants in book-entry form, the Corporation shall issue and register the Warrants in the names of the respective holders thereof in such denominations and otherwise in accordance with the Purchase Agreement. Physical certificates, if issued, shall be signed by, or bear the facsimile signature of, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary or other principal officer of the Corporation. In the event the person whose facsimile signature has been placed upon any Warrant shall have ceased to serve in the capacity in which such person signed the Warrant before such Warrant is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if he or she had not ceased to be such at the date of issuance.

Upon two Business Days’ notice to the Warrantholder, the Corporation may appoint a new Warrant Agent. Any corporation into which the Corporation or any new Warrant Agent may be merged or any corporation resulting from any consolidation to which the Corporation or any new Warrant Agent shall be a party or any corporation to which the Corporation or any new Warrant Agent transfers substantially all of its corporate trust or shareholders services business shall be a successor Warrant Agent under this Warrant without any further act. Any such successor Warrant Agent shall promptly cause notice of its succession as Warrant Agent to be mailed (by first class mail, postage prepaid, with a copy sent concurrently by e-mail) to the Warrantholder at the Warrantholder’s last mailing address and e-mail address as shown on the Warrant Register.

(C) Registered Holder Authentication. Prior to due presentment for registration of transfer of any Warrant, the Corporation and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the person in whose name such Warrant is registered in the Warrant Register (the “Registered Holder”) as the absolute owner of such Warrant and of each Warrant represented thereby (notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing on any physical certificate made by anyone other than the Corporation or the Warrant Agent), for the purpose of any exercise thereof, and for all other purposes, and neither the Corporation not the Warrant Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

10. Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. Upon receipt by the Corporation of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant, and in the case of any such loss, theft or destruction, upon receipt of a bond, indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation, or, in the case of any such mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of this Warrant, the Corporation shall make and deliver, in lieu of such lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Warrant, a new Warrant of like tenor and representing the right to purchase the same aggregate number of Shares as provided for in such lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Warrant.

11. Business Days. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day.

12. Rule 144 Information. The Corporation covenants that it will use its reasonable best efforts to timely file all reports and other documents required to be filed by it under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder (or, if the Corporation is not required to file such reports, it will, upon the request of

 

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any Warrantholder, make publicly available such information as necessary to permit sales pursuant to Rule 144 or Regulation S under the Securities Act). Upon the written request of any Warrantholder, the Corporation will deliver to such Warrantholder a written statement that it has complied with such requirements.

13. Adjustments and Other Rights. The number of Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as follows; provided, that if more than one subsection of this Section 13 is applicable to a single event, the subsection shall be applied that produces the largest adjustment and no single event shall cause an adjustment under more than one subsection of this Section 13 so as to result in duplication:

(A) Share Splits, Subdivisions, Reclassifications or Combinations. If the Corporation shall (i) declare and pay a dividend or make a distribution on its Ordinary Shares in Ordinary Shares, (ii) subdivide or reclassify the outstanding Ordinary Shares into a greater number of shares, or (iii) combine or reclassify the outstanding Ordinary Shares into a smaller number of shares, the number of Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant at the time of the record date for such dividend or distribution or the effective date of such subdivision, combination or reclassification shall be proportionately adjusted so that the Warrantholder after such date shall be entitled to purchase the number of shares of Ordinary Shares that such holder would have owned or been entitled to receive in respect of the shares of Ordinary Shares subject to this Warrant after such date had this Warrant been exercised immediately prior to such date.

(B) Certain Issuances of Common Shares or Convertible Securities. If the Corporation shall issue Ordinary Shares (or rights or warrants or other securities exercisable or convertible into or exchangeable (collectively, a “conversion”) for Ordinary Shares (collectively, “convertible securities”)) (other than in Permitted Transactions or a transaction to which subsection (A) of this Section 13 is applicable) without consideration or at a consideration per share (or having a conversion price per share) that is less than 90% of the Market Price on the last trading day preceding the date of the agreement on pricing such shares (or such convertible securities) then, in such event, the number of Shares issuable upon the exercise of this Warrant immediately prior to the date of the agreement on pricing of such shares (or of such convertible securities) (the “Initial Number”) shall be increased to the number obtained by multiplying the Initial Number by a fraction (a) the numerator of which shall be the sum of (x) the number of Ordinary Shares of the Corporation outstanding on such date and (y) the number of additional Ordinary Shares issued (or into which convertible securities may be exercised or convert) and (b) the denominator of which shall be the sum of (x) the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding on such date and (y) the number of Ordinary Shares that the aggregate consideration receivable by the Corporation for the total number of Ordinary Shares so issued (or into which convertible securities may be exercised or convert) would purchase at the Market Price on the last trading day preceding the date of the agreement on pricing such shares (or such convertible securities).

For purposes of the foregoing, the aggregate consideration receivable by the Corporation in connection with the issuance of such Ordinary Shares or convertible securities shall be deemed to be equal to the sum of the net offering price (after deduction of any related expenses payable to third parties) of all such securities plus the minimum aggregate amount, if any, payable upon exercise or conversion of any such convertible securities into Ordinary Shares; and “Permitted Transactions” shall include issuances (1) as consideration for or to fund the

 

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acquisition by the Corporation or any of its Affiliates of any persons, businesses and/or assets, (2) in connection with employee benefit plans and compensation-related arrangements of the Corporation approved by the Board of Directors, and (3) in connection with a broadly marketed underwritten public offering and sale of Ordinary Shares or convertible securities for cash conducted by the Corporation. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 13(B) shall become effective immediately upon the date of such issuance.

(C) Other Distributions. In case the Corporation shall fix a record date for the making of a distribution to all holders of its Ordinary Shares of securities, evidences of indebtedness, assets, cash, rights or warrants (excluding (x) Ordinary Cash Dividends and (y) dividends of its Ordinary Shares and other dividends or distributions referred to in Section 13(A)), in each such case, the Warrantholder shall be entitled to participate in such distribution to the same extent that the Warrantholder would have participated therein if the Warrantholder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution; provided, however, that participation in such distributions shall not entitle the Warrantholder to any voting or other rights pertaining to ownership of such Ordinary Shares acquirable upon exercise of this warrant.

(D) Business Combinations. In case of any Business Combination or reclassification of Ordinary Shares (other than a reclassification of Ordinary Shares referred to in Section 13(A)), the Warrantholder’s right to receive Shares upon exercise of this Warrant shall be converted into the right to exercise this Warrant to acquire the number of shares of stock or other securities or property (including cash) that the Ordinary Shares issuable (at the time of such Business Combination or reclassification) upon exercise of this Warrant immediately prior to such Business Combination or reclassification would have been entitled to receive upon consummation of such Business Combination or reclassification; and in any such case, if necessary, the provisions set forth herein with respect to the rights and interests thereafter of the Warrantholder shall be appropriately adjusted so as to be applicable, as nearly as may reasonably be achievable, to the Warrantholder’s right to exercise this Warrant in exchange for any shares of stock or other securities or property pursuant to this paragraph. In determining the kind and amount of stock, securities or property receivable upon exercise of this Warrant following the consummation of such Business Combination, if the holders of Ordinary Shares have the right to elect the kind or amount of consideration receivable upon consummation of such Business Combination, then such kind and amount of stock, securities or property shall be the weighted average of the types and amounts of consideration actually received by the holders of Ordinary Shares.

(E) Settlement of Claims by Corporation and Affiliates. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be subject to reduction as provided in Section 8 of the Purchase Agreement.

(F) Rounding of Calculations; Minimum Adjustments. All calculations under this Section 13 shall be made to the nearest one-tenth (1/10th) of a cent or to the nearest one-hundredth (1/100th) of a share, as the case may be. Any provision of this Section 13 to the contrary notwithstanding, no adjustment in the number of Shares into which this Warrant is

 

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exercisable shall be made if the amount of such adjustment would be less than the lesser of $0.01 or one-tenth (1/10th) of an Ordinary Share, but any such amount shall be carried forward and an adjustment with respect thereto shall be made at the time of and together with any subsequent adjustment that, together with such amount and any other amount or amounts so carried forward, shall aggregate the lesser of $0.01 or 1/10th of an Ordinary Share, or more. Any adjustment carried forward and not previously made prior to the time of any exercise of this Warrant shall be given effect at the time of such exercise.

(G) Timing of Issuance of Additional Ordinary Shares Upon Certain Adjustments. In any case in which the provisions of this Section 13 shall require that an adjustment shall become effective immediately after a record date for an event, the Corporation may defer until the occurrence of such event (i) issuing to the Warrantholder of this Warrant exercised after such record date and before the occurrence of such event the additional Ordinary Shares issuable upon such exercise by reason of the adjustment required by such event over and above the Ordinary Shares issuable upon such exercise before giving effect to such adjustment and (ii) paying to such Warrantholder any amount of cash in lieu of a fractional share of Ordinary Shares; provided, however, that the Corporation upon request shall deliver to such Warrantholder a due bill or other appropriate instrument evidencing such Warrantholder’s right to receive such additional shares, and such cash, upon the occurrence of the event requiring such adjustment.

(H) Statement Regarding Adjustments. Whenever the number of Shares into which this Warrant is exercisable shall be adjusted as provided in this Section 13, the Corporation shall forthwith file at the principal office of the Corporation a statement showing in reasonable detail the facts requiring such adjustment and the number of Shares into which this Warrant shall be exercisable after such adjustment, and the Corporation shall also cause a copy of such statement to be sent by a nationally recognized next-day courier service (with a copy sent concurrently by e-mail) to the Warrantholder at the mailing and e-mail addresses appearing in the Corporation’s records (which initially shall be as set forth in Section 17 hereof).

(I) Notice of Adjustment Event. In the event that the Corporation shall propose to take any action of the type described in this Section 13 (but only if the action of the type described in this Section 13 would result in an adjustment in the number of Shares into which this Warrant is exercisable or a change in the type of securities or property to be delivered upon exercise of this Warrant), the Corporation shall give notice to the Warrantholder, in the manner set forth in Section 13(H), which notice shall specify the record date, if any, with respect to any such action and the approximate date on which such action is to take place. Such notice shall also set forth the facts with respect thereto as shall be reasonably necessary to indicate the effect on the number, kind or class of shares or other securities or property that shall be deliverable upon exercise of this Warrant. In the case of any action that would require the fixing of a record date, such notice shall be given at least 10 days prior to the date so fixed, and in case of all other action, such notice shall be given at least 15 days prior to the taking of such proposed action. Failure to give such notice, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of any such action.

(J) Adjustment Rules. Any adjustments pursuant to this Section 13 shall be made successively whenever an event referred to herein shall occur.

 

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14. Governing Law. This Warrant will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely within such State. Each of the parties hereto agrees (a) to submit to the non-exclusive personal jurisdiction of the State or Federal courts in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, (b) that non-exclusive jurisdiction and venue shall lie in the State or Federal courts in the State of New York, and (c) that notice may be served upon such party at the address and in the manner set forth for such party in Section 17 hereof. To the extent permitted by Applicable Law, each of the parties hereto hereby unconditionally waives trial by jury in any legal action or proceeding relating to the Transaction Documents (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.

15. Binding Effect. This Warrant shall be binding upon any successors or assigns of the Corporation.

16. Amendments. This Warrant may be amended and the observance of any term of this Warrant may be waived only with the written consent of the Corporation and the Warrantholder.

17. Notices. Any notice, request, instruction or other document to be given hereunder by any party to the other will be in writing and will be deemed to have been duly given (a) on the date of delivery if delivered personally upon confirmation of receipt, or (b) on the second Business Day following the date of dispatch if delivered by a nationally recognized next-day courier service, in each case with a copy sent concurrently by e-mail. All notices hereunder shall be delivered as set forth below, or pursuant to such other instructions as may be designated in writing by the party to receive such notice.

If to the Corporation, to:

Swvl Holdings Corp

The Offices 4, One Central

Dubai World Trade Center

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Attention:       Youssef Salem

E-mail:            youssef.salem@swvl.com

 

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with copies to (which copies alone shall not constitute notice):

Mostafa Kandil

The Offices 4, One Central

Dubai World Trade Center

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

E-mail:             mk@swvl.com

and

Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP

Worldwide Plaza

825 Eighth Avenue

New York, New York 10019

Attention:       O. Keith Hallam and C. Daniel Haaren

E-mail:           khallam@cravath.com / dhaaren@cravath.com

If to the Warrantholder, to the address for such Warrantholder as set forth on Schedule 16.1 of the Purchase Agreement.

18. Entire Agreement. This Warrant and the form annexed hereto, and the Purchase Agreement (and the other documents referenced in Section 14 of the Purchase Agreement), contain the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior and contemporaneous arrangements or undertakings with respect thereto.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Warrant to be duly executed by a duly authorized officer.

Dated: [•], 2022

 

SWVL HOLDINGS CORP

By:

 

     

  Name: [•]
  Title:   [•]

[Signature Page to Warrant]


ANNEX

[Form of Notice of Exercise]

Date: [●]

 

TO:

Swvl Holdings Corp

 

RE:

Election to Purchase Ordinary Shares

The undersigned, pursuant to the provisions set forth in the attached Warrant, hereby agrees to subscribe for and purchase the number of shares of the Ordinary Shares set forth below covered by such Warrant. If exercising this Warrant for Ordinary Shares, the undersigned, in accordance with Section 3(A) of the Warrant, hereby agrees to pay the aggregate Exercise Price for such Ordinary Shares on a “cashless basis” as provided in Section 3(A). A new warrant evidencing the remaining Ordinary Shares covered by such Warrant, but not yet subscribed for and purchased, if any, or the portion of the Warrant not being sold, if any, should be issued in the name of the Warrantholder set forth below.

If this Warrant is being exercised for Ordinary Shares:

Number of Shares of Ordinary Shares: [●]

Aggregate Exercise Price: [●]

 

Warrantholder  

     

By:  

     

Name:  

     

Title:  

     

EX-10.30

Exhibit 10.30

EXECUTION VERSION

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

ORDINARY SHARE PURCHASE WARRANT

SWVL HOLDINGS CORP

 

Warrant Shares: 12,121,214    Initial Exercise Date: August 12, 2022
   Issue Date: August 12, 2022

This ORDINARY SHARE PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after August 12, 2022 (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on August 12, 2027 (the “Termination Date”), but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Swvl Holdings Corp, a company duly incorporated and existing under the laws of the territory of the British Virgin Islands (the “Company”), up to 12,121,214 Class A ordinary shares (the “Ordinary Shares”) (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”). The purchase price of one Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).

Section 1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), dated August 10, 2022, among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto.

Section 2. Exercise.

a) Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed facsimile copy (or.pdf copy via e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto as Exhibit A (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.


b) Exercise Price. The exercise price per Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be $1.65, subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).

c) Cashless Exercise. If at any time after the Restricted Period, during the term of this Warrant and on or after the Initial Exercise Date, there is no effective registration statement registering the exercise of this Warrant, or no current prospectus available for the resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder, then this Warrant may be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares determined according to the following formula (a “Cashless Exercise”):

Net Number = (A x B) - (A x C)

            B

For purposes of the foregoing formula:

(A) = the total number of shares with respect to which this Warrant is then being exercised.

(B) = as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b)(77) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Ordinary Shares on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day; and

(C) = the Exercise Price then in effect for the applicable Warrant Shares at the time of such exercise.

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the characteristics of the Warrants being exercised and the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked onto the holding period of the Warrant for purposes of Rule 144. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, without limiting the rights of the Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” hereunder or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, there are no circumstances that would require the Company to make any cash payments or net cash settle the purchase warrants to the holders.

Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Ordinary Shares for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

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VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Ordinary Shares so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

To the extent not previously exercised by the Termination Date (but subject to Section 5), this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section 2(c).

d) Mechanics of Exercise.

i. Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), and otherwise by book-entry, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period, in each case after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails to deliver, due to intentional misconduct on behalf of the Company, to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The liquidated damages amount set forth in this Section 2(d)(i) shall not be duplicative of an identical liquidated damages amount set forth in Section 4.1(e) of the Purchase Agreement. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Ordinary Shares as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

 

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ii. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

iii. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.

iv. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, due to intentional misconduct on behalf of the Company, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, Ordinary Shares to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the Ordinary Shares so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Ordinary Shares having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of Ordinary Shares with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver Ordinary Shares upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof. The liquidated damages amount set forth in this Section 2(d)(iv) shall not be duplicative of an identical liquidated damages amount set forth in Section 4.1(e) of the Purchase Agreement.

v. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

vi. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that in the

 

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event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the assignment form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “Assignment Form”) duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

vii. Effective Registration Statement. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be obligated to deliver any Warrant Shares pursuant to the exercise of a Warrant and shall have no obligation to settle such Warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Warrant Shares underlying the Public Warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to the Company satisfying its obligations to cash settle under Section 2(c) and its obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement.

Section 3. Certain Adjustments.

a) Share Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a share dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on its Ordinary Shares or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in Ordinary Shares (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any Ordinary Shares issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding Ordinary Shares into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding Ordinary Shares into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of Ordinary Shares any shares of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

b) Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Ordinary Share Equivalents or rights to purchase shares, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all the record holders of any class of Ordinary Shares (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights.

c) Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Ordinary Shares, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of shares or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution.

 

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d) Fundamental Transaction. Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Ordinary Shares are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Ordinary Shares or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Ordinary Shares are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares (not including any Ordinary Shares held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder, the number of Ordinary Shares of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of Ordinary Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction. For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one Ordinary Share in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Ordinary Shares are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity, the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Ordinary Shares are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided further, that if holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Ordinary Shares will be deemed to have received common stock or ordinary shares of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”) determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and the 100

 

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day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the greater of (x) the last VWAP immediately prior to the public announcement of such Fundamental Transaction and (y) the last VWAP immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds within five Business Days of the Holder’s election (or, if later, on the effective date of the Fundamental Transaction). The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(d) pursuant to written agreements prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the Ordinary Shares acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the Ordinary Shares pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein.

e) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of Ordinary Shares deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

f) Notice to Holder.

i. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Ordinary Shares, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Ordinary Shares, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Ordinary Shares rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any shareholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Ordinary Shares, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Ordinary Shares are converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile

 

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or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 5 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Ordinary Shares of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or stock exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Ordinary Shares of record shall be entitled to exchange their Ordinary Shares for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or stock exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice and provided, further that no notice shall be required if the information is disseminated in a press release or document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission . To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Form 6-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.

a) Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set

forth in Section 4(d) hereof and to the provisions of Section 4.1 of the Purchase Agreement, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer; provided, however, prior to such transfer, the transferor thereof shall (i) cause the transferee of such Warrant to execute a joinder agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Company, pursuant to which such transferee agrees to be bound, with respect to the transferred Warrant, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the transferor (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Section 4.12 of the Purchase Agreement) and (ii) upon request of the Company, deliver to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration under the Securities Act. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants, upon the same terms as this Warrant, in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an Assignment Form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the Issue Date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

 

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c) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

d) Transfer Restrictions. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, as the case may be, comply with the provisions of Section 5.7 of the Purchase Agreement.

e) Representation by the Holder. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.

Section 5. Miscellaneous.

a) No Rights as Shareholder Until Exercise. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a shareholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i).

b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any share certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or share certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or share certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or share certificate.

c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

d) Authorized Shares. The Company covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Ordinary Shares may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

The Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

 

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Before taking any action which results in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

e) Jurisdiction. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Purchase Agreement.

f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

g) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies, notwithstanding the fact that the Holder’s right to exercise this Warrant terminates on the Termination Date. If the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

h) Notices. Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered to the Holder by the Company shall be delivered in accordance with the notice provisions of the Purchase Agreement.

i) Governing Law. This Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party hereto agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, stockholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of this Warrant), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party hereto shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

j) Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Ordinary Shares or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

 

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k) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

l) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

m) Amendment; Warrant Agent. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, without consent of the Holder, the Company may, at its own expense, engage a warrant agent to act on behalf of the Company, in connection with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange and exercise of the Warrants, and in connection therewith, amend this Warrant to the extent reasonably necessary or advisable solely to provide therefor.

n) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

o) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

********************

(Signature Page Follows)

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

 

SWVL HOLDINGS CORP
By:  

/s/ Mostafa Eissa Kandil

  Name: Mostafa Eissa Kandil
  Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

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Exhibit A

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

 

TO:    SWVL HOLDINGS CORP

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

☐ in lawful money of the United States; or

☐ if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

 

  

 

  

The Warrant Shares (subject to the receipt of appropriate representations and warranties from Holder) shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

 

  

 

  
  

 

  
  

 

  

(4) Accredited Investor. The undersigned is an “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

_____________________

_____________________

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

Name of Investing Entity: ________________________________________________________________________

Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity: _________________________________________________

Name of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________________________________

Title of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________________________________________

Date: ________________________________________________________________________________________


Exhibit B

ASSIGNMENT FORM

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to exercise the Warrant to purchase shares.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

 

Name:   
  

 

     (Please Print)
Address:   
  

 

     (Please Print)
Phone Number:   
  

 

Email Address:   
  

 

Dated: _______________ __, ______   
Holder’s Signature:______________________   
Holder’s Address:______________________   

 

 

EX-10.31

Exhibit 10.31

EXECUTION VERSION

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

ORDINARY SHARE PURCHASE WARRANT

SWVL HOLDINGS CORP

 

Warrant Shares: 6,060,607    Initial Exercise Date: August 12, 2022
   Issue Date: August 12, 2022

This ORDINARY SHARE PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after August 12, 2022 (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on August 12, 2024 (the “Termination Date”), but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Swvl Holdings Corp, a company duly incorporated and existing under the laws of the territory of the British Virgin Islands (the “Company”), up to 6,060,607 Class A ordinary shares (the “Ordinary Shares”) (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”). The purchase price of one Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).

Section 1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), dated August 10, 2022, among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto.

Section 2. Exercise.

a) Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed facsimile copy (or.pdf copy via e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto as Exhibit A (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.


b) Exercise Price. The exercise price per Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be $1.65, subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).

c) Cashless Exercise. If at any time after the Restricted Period, during the term of this Warrant and on or after the Initial Exercise Date, there is no effective registration statement registering the exercise of this Warrant, or no current prospectus available for the resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder, then this Warrant may be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares determined according to the following formula (a “Cashless Exercise”):

Net Number = (A x B) - (A x C)

            B

For purposes of the foregoing formula:

(A) = the total number of shares with respect to which this Warrant is then being exercised.

(B) = as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b)(77) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Ordinary Shares on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day; and

(C) = the Exercise Price then in effect for the applicable Warrant Shares at the time of such exercise.

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the characteristics of the Warrants being exercised and the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked onto the holding period of the Warrant for purposes of Rule 144. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, without limiting the rights of the Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” hereunder or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, there are no circumstances that would require the Company to make any cash payments or net cash settle the purchase warrants to the holders.

Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Ordinary Shares for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

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VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Ordinary Shares so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

To the extent not previously exercised by the Termination Date (but subject to Section 5), this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section 2(c).

d) Mechanics of Exercise.

i. Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), and otherwise by book-entry, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period, in each case after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails to deliver, due to intentional misconduct on behalf of the Company, to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The liquidated damages amount set forth in this Section 2(d)(i) shall not be duplicative of an identical liquidated damages amount set forth in Section 4.1(e) of the Purchase Agreement. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Ordinary Shares as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

 

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ii. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

iii. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.

iv. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, due to intentional misconduct on behalf of the Company, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, Ordinary Shares to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the Ordinary Shares so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Ordinary Shares having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of Ordinary Shares with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver Ordinary Shares upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof. The liquidated damages amount set forth in this Section 2(d)(iv) shall not be duplicative of an identical liquidated damages amount set forth in Section 4.1(e) of the Purchase Agreement.

v. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

vi. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that in the

 

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event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the assignment form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “Assignment Form”) duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

vii. Effective Registration Statement. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be obligated to deliver any Warrant Shares pursuant to the exercise of a Warrant and shall have no obligation to settle such Warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Warrant Shares underlying the Public Warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to the Company satisfying its obligations to cash settle under Section 2(c) and its obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement.

Section 3. Certain Adjustments.

a) Share Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a share dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on its Ordinary Shares or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in Ordinary Shares (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any Ordinary Shares issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding Ordinary Shares into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding Ordinary Shares into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of Ordinary Shares any shares of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

b) Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Ordinary Share Equivalents or rights to purchase shares, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all the record holders of any class of Ordinary Shares (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights.

c) Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Ordinary Shares, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of shares or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution.

 

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d) Fundamental Transaction. Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Ordinary Shares are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Ordinary Shares or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Ordinary Shares are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares (not including any Ordinary Shares held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder, the number of Ordinary Shares of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of Ordinary Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction. For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one Ordinary Share in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Ordinary Shares are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity, the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Ordinary Shares are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided further, that if holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Ordinary Shares will be deemed to have received common stock or ordinary shares of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”) determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and the 100

 

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day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the greater of (x) the last VWAP immediately prior to the public announcement of such Fundamental Transaction and (y) the last VWAP immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds within five Business Days of the Holder’s election (or, if later, on the effective date of the Fundamental Transaction). The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(d) pursuant to written agreements prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the Ordinary Shares acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the Ordinary Shares pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein.

e) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of Ordinary Shares deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

f) Notice to Holder.

i. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Ordinary Shares, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Ordinary Shares, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Ordinary Shares rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any shareholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Ordinary Shares, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Ordinary Shares are converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile

 

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or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 5 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Ordinary Shares of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or stock exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Ordinary Shares of record shall be entitled to exchange their Ordinary Shares for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or stock exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice and provided, further that no notice shall be required if the information is disseminated in a press release or document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission . To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Form 6-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.

a) Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set

forth in Section 4(d) hereof and to the provisions of Section 4.1 of the Purchase Agreement, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer; provided, however, prior to such transfer, the transferor thereof shall (i) cause the transferee of such Warrant to execute a joinder agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Company, pursuant to which such transferee agrees to be bound, with respect to the transferred Warrant, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the transferor (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Section 4.12 of the Purchase Agreement) and (ii) upon request of the Company, deliver to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration under the Securities Act. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants, upon the same terms as this Warrant, in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an Assignment Form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the Issue Date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

 

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c) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

d) Transfer Restrictions. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, as the case may be, comply with the provisions of Section 5.7 of the Purchase Agreement.

e) Representation by the Holder. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.

Section 5. Miscellaneous.

a) No Rights as Shareholder Until Exercise. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a shareholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i).

b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any share certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or share certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or share certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or share certificate.

c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

d) Authorized Shares. The Company covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Ordinary Shares may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

The Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

 

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Before taking any action which results in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

e) Jurisdiction. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Purchase Agreement.

f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

g) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies, notwithstanding the fact that the Holder’s right to exercise this Warrant terminates on the Termination Date. If the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

h) Notices. Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered to the Holder by the Company shall be delivered in accordance with the notice provisions of the Purchase Agreement.

i) Governing Law. This Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party hereto agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, stockholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of this Warrant), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party hereto shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

j) Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Ordinary Shares or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

 

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k) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

l) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

m) Amendment; Warrant Agent. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, without consent of the Holder, the Company may, at its own expense, engage a warrant agent to act on behalf of the Company, in connection with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange and exercise of the Warrants, and in connection therewith, amend this Warrant to the extent reasonably necessary or advisable solely to provide therefor.

n) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

o) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

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(Signature Page Follows)

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

 

SWVL HOLDINGS CORP
By:  

/s/ Mostafa Eissa Kandil

  Name: Mostafa Eissa Kandil
  Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

12


Exhibit A

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

 

TO:

   SWVL HOLDINGS CORP

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

☐ in lawful money of the United States; or

☐ if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

 

  

 

  

The Warrant Shares (subject to the receipt of appropriate representations and warranties from Holder) shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

 

  

 

  
  

 

  
  

 

  

(4) Accredited Investor. The undersigned is an “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

_____________________

_____________________

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

Name of Investing Entity: ________________________________________________________________________

Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity: _________________________________________________

Name of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________________________________

Title of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________________________________________

Date: ________________________________________________________________________________________


Exhibit B

ASSIGNMENT FORM

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to exercise the Warrant to purchase shares.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

 

Name:   
  

 

     (Please Print)
Address:   
  

 

     (Please Print)
Phone Number:   
  

 

Email Address:   
  

 

Dated: _______________ __, ______   
Holder’s Signature:______________________   
Holder’s Address:______________________   

 

 

EX-21.1

Exhibit 21.1

Subsidiaries of Swvl Holdings Corp

 

Legal Name

  

Country of Incorporation

Commute Technologies S.A.P.I.    Mexico
Door2Door GmbH    Germany
Pivotal Merger Sub Company I    Cayman Islands
Movilidad Digital SAS    Argentina
Shotl Transportation, S.L.    Spain
Smart Way Transportation LLC (El Tanakol el Thaki)    Jordan
Swvl Brazil Limited    Brazil
Swvl For Smart Transport Applications and Services LLC    Egypt
Swvl Germany GmbH    Germany
Swvl Global FZE    United Arab Emirates
Swvl Holdco Corp    British Virgin Islands
Swvl Inc.    British Virgin Islands
Swvl MY For Information Technology SDN BHD    Malaysia
SWVL NBO Limited    Kenya
Swvl Pakistan (Private) Limited    Pakistan
SWVL Saudi for Information Technology    Saudi Arabia
Swvl Technologies FZE    United Arab Emirates
Swvl Tchnologies FZE (Abu Dhabi, UAE branch)    United Arab Emirates
Swvl Technologies FZE (Dubai, UAE branch)    United Arab Emirates
Swvl Technologies Limited    Kenya
Urban Intermediate Holdings    United States
Urbvan Commute Operations S.A.P.I de C.V.    Mexico
Urbvan Mobility Ltd.    Cayman Islands
Viapool SPA    Chile
Viapool SRL    Argentina
Viapool, Inc.    United States
Volt Lines Akilli Ulasim Teknolojileri ve Tasimacilik AS*    Turkey
Volt Lines B.V.    Netherlands
Volt Lines MENA Limited    United Arab Emirates
EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We have issued our report dated August 29, 2022, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Swvl Holdings Corp and its subsidiaries contained in the Registration Statement and Prospectus. We consent to the use of the aforementioned report in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, and to the use of our name as it appears under the caption “Experts.”

 

/s/ Grant Thornton Audit and Accounting Limited (Dubai Branch)
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
August 29, 2022
EX-23.2

Exhibit 23.2

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the use in the Prospectus constituting a part of this Registration Statement on Form F-1 of our report dated March 30, 2022, relating to the financial statements of Queen’s Gambit Growth Capital, which is contained in that Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to our Firm under the caption “Experts” in the Prospectus.

/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC

New York, New York

August 23, 2022